Inyoni

Izinyoni ziyiqembu lama-theropod dinosaur anegazi elifudumele akha i- class Aves, ebonakala ngezimpaphe, imihlathi engena mazinyo enomlomo, okubekwa kwamaqanda aqinile, izinga eliphezulu lokugaya ukudla, inhliziyo enamakamelo amane, kanye nohlaka oluqinile kodwa ololula. Izinyoni zihlala emhlabeni wonke futhi ziyahlukahlukana ngobukhulu kusukela ku 5.5 cm (2.2) ku) i- bee hummingbird eya ku- 2.8 m (9) ft 2 ku) intshe evamile. Kunezinhlobo eziphilayo ezingaphezu kuka-11,000 futhi zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezingu -44. Ezingaphezu kwengxenye ziyizinyoni ze-passerine noma "ezihlala phansi". Izinyoni zinamaphiko akhula ngokwehlukahlukana ngokwezinhlobo; amaqembu aziwayo kuphela angenamaphiko yizinyoni ze-moa eziphelile kanye nezinyoni zendlovu . Amaphiko, anemilenze yangaphambili eguquliwe, anike izinyoni ikhono lokundiza, yize ukuvela okuqhubekayo kuholele ekulahlekelweni kokundiza kwezinye izinyoni, okuhlanganisa ama-ratite, ama-penguinkanye nezihlobo ezahlukahlukene zesiqhingi ezitholakala endaweni eyodwa.Ezokugaya ukudla kanye nokuphefumula kwezinyoni nazo zilungiselelwe ukundiza ngendlela ekhethekile. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni zasemanzini, ikakhulukazi izinyoni zasolwandle kanye nezinye izinyoni zamanzi, ziye zathuthuka kakhulu ekubhukudeni. Ucwaningo lwezinyoni lubizwa ngokuthi i-ornithology.

Izinyoni zavela kuma-theropod angaphambilini, ngakho-ke zakha okuwukuphela kwezibankwakazi ezesabekayo ezaziwayo. Ngokufanayo, izinyoni zibhekwa njengezilwane ezihuquzelayo ngomqondo wesimanje we-I-cladistic waleli gama, futhi izihlobo zazo eziseduze eziphilayo izingwenya.

Izinyoni ziyinzalo ye-avialans yasendulo (amalungu ayo ahlanganisa I-archaeopteryx) eyavela okokuqala ngesikhathi se-I-Jurassic Yokugcina. Ngokokulinganisela okuthile, izinyoni zanamuhla (i-Neornithes) zavela ku-Late Cretaceous noma phakathi kwe-Early and Late Cretaceus (100 Ma) futhi zahlukahluka kakhulu ngesikhathi se-Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-66 edlule, eyabulala Ama-pterosaur nazo zonke izibankwakazi ezesabekayo ezingezona ama-i-ornithuran.^[1]^[2]

Izinhlobo eziningi zezenhlalo zilondoloza ulwazi kuzo zonke izizukulwane (isiko). Izinyoni ziyathanda ukuhamba ndawonye, zikhulumisana ngezimpawu ezibonakalayo, izingoma, futhi zihlanganyele ekuziphatheni okufana ukuzalanisa ngokubambisana nokuzingela, ukuqoqa, nokuxhaswa kwezilwane ezizingelayo. Iningi lezinhlobo zezinyoni zingezomphakathi (kodwa hhayi ngokobulili) zinomfazi oyedwa, ngokuvamile inkathi eyodwa yokuzalela ngesikhathi, ngezinye izikhathi iminyaka, futhi akuvamile ukuphila. Ezinye izinhlobo zinezinhlelo zokuzalanisa ezingezona ezeduna (eduna elilodwa nezinsikazi eziningi) noma, ngokungavamile, ezingezona ezingamaduna amaningi). Izinyoni zikhiqiza abantwana ngokuzalela amaqanda avundiswa ngokuzala ngokobulili. Ngokuvamile zizalelwa esidlekeni bese zifukanyelwa abazali. Izinyoni eziningi zinenkathi ende yokunakekelwa kwabazali ngemuva kokuchanyuselwa.

Izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni zibalulekile ngokwezomnotho njengokudl kwabantu kanye nezinto ezingavuthiwe ekukhiqizeni, nezinyoni ezifuywayo nezingafuywayo ziwumthombo obalulekile wamaqanda, inyama, nezimpaphe. Izinyoni Eziculayo, opholi, nezinye izinhlobo zithandwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. I-guano (indle yezinyoni) ivunwa ukuze isetshenziswe njengomanyolo. Izinyoni zikhona kuwo wonke amasiko abantu. Izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-120 kuya ku-130 ziye zaphela ngenxa yomsebenzi womuntu kusukela ngekhulu le-17, futhi amanye amakhulu ngaphambi kwalokho. Umsebenzi womuntu usongela izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingaba ngu-1200 ngokuqothulwa, yize imizamo iyaqhubeka yokuzivikela. Ukubuka izinyoni zokuzilibazisa kuyingxenye ebalulekile yezokuvakasha nge-ecotourism.

Amagama ezinyoni ngesiZulu

Ungafunda futhi: Izilwane


Igama lesiZulu	Igama lesiNgisi	Igama lesayensi
Izinyoni
Inqe	Vulture
Ukhozi	Eagle
Inkankane	Hadeda	Bostrychia hagedash
Unogolantethe	White stork	Ciconia ciconia
Isikhova	Owl
Impangele	Helmet guinea-fowl	Numida meleagris
Ihlokohloko	Village weaver	Ploceus cucullatus
Umkholwane	Hornbill
Idada	Duck
Ijuba	Dove, Pigeon
Itshwele, Inkukhu	Chicken
Ihansi	Goose
Iphengwini	Penguin

Imithombo

↑ Claramunt, S.; Cracraft, J. (2015). "A new time tree reveals Earth history's imprint on the evolution of modern birds". Sci Adv. 1 (11). Bibcode:2015SciA....1E1005C. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501005. PMC 4730849. PMID 26824065.
↑ Brocklehurst, Neil; Field, Daniel J. (2024). "Tip dating and Bayes factors provide insight into the divergences of crown bird clades across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 291 (2016). doi:10.1098/rspb.2023.2618. PMC 10865003 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 38351798 Check |pmid= value (help).

[Claramunt2015-1] Claramunt, S.; Cracraft, J. (2015). "A new time tree reveals Earth history's imprint on the evolution of modern birds". Sci Adv. 1 (11). Bibcode:2015SciA....1E1005C. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501005. PMC 4730849. PMID 26824065.

[Brocklehurst&Field2024-2] Brocklehurst, Neil; Field, Daniel J. (2024). "Tip dating and Bayes factors provide insight into the divergences of crown bird clades across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 291 (2016). doi:10.1098/rspb.2023.2618. PMC 10865003 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 38351798 Check |pmid= value (help).

[1]

[2]