SC2014

find . -name '*.tar' -exec tar xf {} -C "$(dirname {})" \;

find . -name '*.tar' -exec sh -c 'tar xf "$1" -C "$(dirname "$1")"' _ {} \;

Bash evaluates any command substitutions before the command they feature in is executed. In this case, the command is find. This means that $(dirname {}) will run before find runs, and not while find runs.

To run shell code for each file, we can write a tiny script and inline it with sh -c. We add _ as a dummy argument that becomes $0, and a filename argument that becomes $1 in the inlined script:

$ sh -c 'echo "$1 is in $(dirname "$1")"' _ "mydir/myfile"
mydir/myfile is in mydir

This command can be executed by find -exec, with {} as the filename argument. It executes shell which interprets the inlined script once for each file. Note that the inlined script is single quoted, again to ensure that the expansion does not happen prematurely .

If you don't care (or if you prefer) that it's only expanded once, like when dynamically selecting the executable to be used by all invocations, you can ignore this message.