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country

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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    Inherited from Middle English contre,[1] borrowed from Old French contree, from Vulgar Latin *(terra) contrāta (“facing land”), from Latin contrā (“against”) + -āta (noun-forming suffix). Cognate with Scots kintra. Unrelated to county. Displaced native English land in some of its senses.

    From around 1300 as "area surrounding a walled city or town; the open country." By early 16th century the sense was applied mostly to rural areas, as opposed to towns and cities.[1]

    Compare typologically Russian страна́ (straná), сторона́ (storoná).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    country (countable and uncountable, plural countries)

    1. The territory of a nation; a sovereign state or a region once independent and still distinct in institutions, language, etc. [from 14th c.]
      Synonyms: see Thesaurus:country
      Hyponyms: LMIC, HIC, developing country, developed country, member country, mini-country, old country; see also Thesaurus:country
      • 1935, George Goodchild, chapter 5, in Death on the Centre Court:
        By one o'clock the place was choc-a-bloc. […] The restaurant was packed, and the promenade between the two main courts and the subsidiary courts was thronged with healthy-looking youngish people, drawn to the Mecca of tennis from all parts of the country.
      • 1986 April 15, Michael Parenti, 02:53 from the start, in U.S. interventionism, the Third World, and the USSR‎[1], Boulder, Colorado:
        But that expropriation of the Third World, [that] has been going on for 400 years, brings us to another revelation: namely, that the Third World is not poor. You don't go to poor countries to make money. There are very few poor countries in this world. Most countries are rich: the Philippines are rich, Brazil is rich, Mexico is rich, Chile is rich; only the people are poor. But there's billions to be made there, to be carved out, and to be taken; there's been billions for 400 years! The Capitalist European and North American powers have carved out and taken the timber, the flax, the hemp, the cocoa, the rum, the tin, the copper, the iron, the rubber, the bauxite, the slaves, and the cheap labour. They have taken out of these countries. These countries are not underdeveloped; they're overexploited!
      • 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, London: Abacus, published 2010, page 3:
        It is a beautiful country of rolling hills, fertile valleys, and a thousand rivers and streams which keep the landscape green even in winter.
      • 2010, The Economist, 3 Feb 2011:
        These days corporate Germany looks rather different. Volkswagen, the country’s leading carmaker, wants to be the world’s biggest by 2018.
      • 2013 June 22, “T time”, in The Economist‎[2], volume 407, number 8841, archived from the original on 11 March 2023, page 68:
        The ability to shift profits to low-tax countries by locating intellectual property in them, which is then licensed to related businesses in high-tax countries, is often assumed to be the preserve of high-tech companies.
      • 2024 July 4, Lilit Marcus, “This country has a national happiness index. But what is it really like to live there?”, in CNN‎[3], archived from the original on 24 July 2024:
        Most foreigners who have heard of Bhutan know two things: the country charges international visitors a $100/day sustainable development fee (aka tourist tax), and that it is the birthplace of the Gross National Happiness Index, a system intended to look after the well-being of citizens and the environment.
    2. A large area regarded as distinct from other areas, e.g. because it is inhabited by a specific group of people
    3. (especially UK, uncountable, countable) An area of land of undefined extent; a region, a district. [from 13th c.]
      • 2010 March 7, David Vann, The Observer:
        We walk along flat, open country, red dirt and spinifex grass, a few short trees […].
      1. (uncountable, countable) An area of land of indefinite extent or of more or less definite extent in relation to human occupation, especially characterized by its particular physical features, or its suitability for a particular activity or connected with its population (by race, dialect, culture, etc.) or a person, especially a writer, or their works.
        Hyponyms: backcountry, high country, north country, upcountry
        Thomas Hardy country
        Hikers love the wild country that lies northwest of this river confluence.
        Since this was rebel country, checkpoints were set up along the road.
        • 2007 February 17, Chris Moss, The Guardian:
          This is condor country – the only region this far east where you can see the magnificent vulture – and a small national park straddling the passes, El Condorito, is a good stopover for walkers and birders.
    4. (uncountable, usually preceded by “the”) A rural area, as opposed to a town or city; the countryside. [from 16th c.]
      • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 17, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
        I was borne and brought up in the Countrie, and amidst husbandry […].
      • 1999 September 12, Anthony Horowitz et al., “Dead Man's Eleven”, in Midsomer Murders:
        Joyce Barnaby: You don't kill someone because they made you redundant.
        DCI Tom Barnaby: Not in the town, dear, but this is the country. And, in the country, anything goes.
      • 2000 March 4, Alexander Chancellor, The Guardian:
        I have always thought that one of the main reasons for the popularity of blood sports in the country is the pointlessness of going outdoors with no purpose or destination in mind.
      • 2006 May, James B. Weld, Difficulties in Learning English as a Second or Foreign Language‎[4], Regis University, page 37:
        She grew up in Chang-hua, a city in central Taiwan with a decidedly country flavor.
      I grew up in the country with a 12-gauge shotgun.
    5. The inhabitants or people of a district, region, or nation; the populace, the public. [from ca. 1300]
      a scandal that rocked the country
    6. (Australia, usually capitalised) Traditional lands of Indigenous people with embedded cultural, spiritual, cosmological, ecological, and physical attributes and values.
      • 1842 February 16, The Inquirer, Perth, page 5, column 2:
        "Me like my country — no much too hot, no much too cold. By and bye, white fellow come — soldier-man come. White fellow say, this our land, that our land — ALL country our land. Black fellow say no! my country no white fellow's country, and black fellow take spear.
      • 1945 September 27, The Chronicle, Adelaide, page 35, column 4:
        "Yewi," he said, "me bin longa Fanny Bay gaol five years." On my asking why they put him in gaol he replied. "Australia your country, ain't it?" I replied, "Yes, him my country all right." "Well," he then said, "this my country here. Brinken country other side of the river ain't it?" "That's right," said I. "Well," said Jack, "supposem Japanese come longa this country and you killem, you good man, but suppose Brinken come longa my country here, and I kill him, police man put me longa Fanny Bay for five years. That is the law."
      • 2008 July 23, The Torres News, page 5, column 1:
        "It demonstrates that having Indigenous people on country managing their lands, delivering environmental benefits for all Australians is an important asset for the national good."
      • 2015 March 11, Calla Wahlquist, “Of three remote communities here, why are only the two Aboriginal ones under threat?”, in The Guardian‎[5], London: Guardian News & Media, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 7 October 2022:
        Milgin says living on country, with elders, makes Aboriginal people "strong". That's backed up by a 2011 report on Aboriginal homelands by Amnesty International that found that living on homelands was connected to better health outcomes and drug rehabilitation.
      • 2021 July 8, The Air Force News, page 16, column 2:
        What country do you live/work on? I work on Yuggera Yuggarapul country and I'm from Darwin, Larrakia country.
    7. Ellipsis of country music. [from 20th c.]
      a country song
      a country singer
      a country festival
    8. (informal) The spirit of the country (rural places): the spirit of country folkways; those folkways.
      You can take the boy out of the country, but you can't take the country out of the boy.
    9. (mining) The rock through which a vein of ore or coal runs.
      Coordinate terms: gangue, overburden

    Usage notes

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    The geographical sense of "country" usually refers to a sovereign state, that is, a nation with no administrative dependence on another one, which is the definition adopted in most world maps. In a broader sense, however, "country" may also refer to polities, or their territories, with some degree of autonomy and cultural identity but still under the sovereignty of another state. Examples of the latter include Scotland, Tibet, Abkhazia, and Greenland. Such usage may be interpreted as supporting secessionism of these polities by others.

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    Translations

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    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

    See also

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    Adjective

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    country (comparative countrier or more country, superlative countriest or most country)

    1. From or in the countryside, connected with it, or typical of it.
      Things around here are just a little more country than what he's used to.
    2. Of or connected to country music.
      They're mainly a hard rock band, but their new album sounds kinda country to me.
    3. (India) Originating in India rather than being imported from abroad.
      Synonym: native
      • 1872, Silk in India, page 16:
        We have seen that the Company manufactured silk stuffs at three of its Residencies, but from country-wound silk.
      • 1884, Journal of the United Service Institution of India, page 185:
        A reference to the Annual Administration Reports of the Department of Horse-breeding Operations […] will allow of the opinion being arrived at, that the breed of country horses under the present regime is steadily improving.
      • 1937, Brigadier-General H. A. Young, The East India Company’s Arsenals & Manufactories:
        Country harness costs nearly as much, lasts half the time, and is in every respect inferior. It is understood that the only reason is that the Court desires to improve and encourage Indian manufactures.
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    Translations

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    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “country (n.)”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

    Further reading

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    • “country”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

    Basque

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    country inan

    1. country music

    Declension

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    Declension of country (inan sg-only V-stem1)
    indefinite singular
    absolutive country countrya
    ergative — countryak
    dative — countryari
    genitive — countryaren
    comitative — countryarekin
    causative — countryarengatik
    benefactive — countryarentzat
    instrumental countryz countryaz
    inessive — countryan
    locative — countryko
    allative — countryra
    terminative — countryraino
    directive — countryrantz
    destinative — countryrako
    ablative — countrytik
    partitive countryrik —
    prolative countrytzat —

    1. Optionally, case suffixes can be separated from the root with a hyphen.

    Further reading

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    • “country”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]

    Danish

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    Danish Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia da

    Etymology

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    From English country. First attested in 1969.

    Noun

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    country c (singular definite countryen, not used in plural form)

    1. (music) country, country music
      Synonyms: countrymusik, country og western

    Declension

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    Declension of country
    common
    gender
    singular
    indefinite definite
    nominative country countryen
    genitive countrys countryens

    Derived terms

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    Further reading

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    Dutch

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed from English country.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈkʏn.tri/, /kɑu̯n.tri/
    • Audio:(file)
    • Hyphenation: coun‧try

    Noun

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    country m (uncountable, no diminutive)

    1. country music
      Synonym: countrymuziek

    Derived terms

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    References

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    Finnish

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    Unadapted borrowing from English country.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    country

    1. country music

    Declension

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    Inflection of country (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
    nominative country —
    genitive countryn —
    partitive countrya —
    illative countryyn —
    singular plural
    nominative country —
    accusative nom. country —
    gen. countryn
    genitive countryn —
    partitive countrya —
    inessive countryssa —
    elative countrysta —
    illative countryyn —
    adessive countrylla —
    ablative countrylta —
    allative countrylle —
    essive countryna —
    translative countryksi —
    abessive countrytta —
    instructive — —
    comitative See the possessive forms below.
    Possessive forms of country (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
    first-person singular possessor
    singular plural
    nominative countryni —
    accusative nom. countryni —
    gen. countryni
    genitive countryni —
    partitive countryani —
    inessive countryssani —
    elative countrystani —
    illative countryyni —
    adessive countryllani —
    ablative countryltani —
    allative countrylleni —
    essive countrynani —
    translative countrykseni —
    abessive countryttani —
    instructive — —
    comitative — —
    second-person singular possessor
    singular plural
    nominative countrysi —
    accusative nom. countrysi —
    gen. countrysi
    genitive countrysi —
    partitive countryasi —
    inessive countryssasi —
    elative countrystasi —
    illative countryysi —
    adessive countryllasi —
    ablative countryltasi —
    allative countryllesi —
    essive countrynasi —
    translative countryksesi —
    abessive countryttasi —
    instructive — —
    comitative — —
    first-person plural possessor
    singular plural
    nominative countrymme —
    accusative nom. countrymme —
    gen. countrymme
    genitive countrymme —
    partitive countryamme —
    inessive countryssamme —
    elative countrystamme —
    illative countryymme —
    adessive countryllamme —
    ablative countryltamme —
    allative countryllemme —
    essive countrynamme —
    translative countryksemme —
    abessive countryttamme —
    instructive — —
    comitative — —
    second-person plural possessor
    singular plural
    nominative countrynne —
    accusative nom. countrynne —
    gen. countrynne
    genitive countrynne —
    partitive countryanne —
    inessive countryssanne —
    elative countrystanne —
    illative countryynne —
    adessive countryllanne —
    ablative countryltanne —
    allative countryllenne —
    essive countrynanne —
    translative countryksenne —
    abessive countryttanne —
    instructive — —
    comitative — —
    third-person possessor
    singular plural
    nominative countrynsa —
    accusative nom. countrynsa —
    gen. countrynsa
    genitive countrynsa —
    partitive countryaan
    countryansa
    —
    inessive countryssaan
    countryssansa
    —
    elative countrystaan
    countrystansa
    —
    illative countryynsa —
    adessive countryllaan
    countryllansa
    —
    ablative countryltaan
    countryltansa
    —
    allative countrylleen
    countryllensa
    —
    essive countrynaan
    countrynansa
    —
    translative countrykseen
    countryksensa
    —
    abessive countryttaan
    countryttansa
    —
    instructive — —
    comitative — —

    Synonyms

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    Derived terms

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    Further reading

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    French

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    Etymology

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    From English. Doublet of contrée.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    country m (uncountable)

    1. country music

    Italian

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    Etymology

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    Unadapted borrowing from English country.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    country m (invariable)

    1. (music) country music

    References

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    1. ^ “country” in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

    Polish

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    Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia pl

    Etymology

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      Borrowed from English country.

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      country n (indeclinable)

      1. country, country music

      Derived terms

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      Further reading

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      • “country”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎[7] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
      • “country”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[8] (in Polish)

      Portuguese

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      Etymology

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      Unadapted borrowing from English country. The pronunciation reflects the incorrect belief that the ⟨oun⟩ represents /aʊn/ in the English etymon.

      Pronunciation

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      • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈkaw̃.tɾi/ [ˈkaʊ̯̃.tɾi], /ˈkɐ̃.tɾi/

      Noun

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      country m (uncountable)

      1. country music

      Further reading

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      Romanian

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      Romanian Wikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipedia ro

      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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        Unadapted borrowing from English country.

        Pronunciation

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        • IPA(key): /ˈkan.tri/
        • Rhymes: -antri
        • Hyphenation: coun‧try

        Adjective

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        country m or n (feminine singular countryă, masculine plural countryi, feminine/neuter plural countrye)

        1. country (music)

        Declension

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        Declension of country
        singular plural
        masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
        nominative-
        accusative
        indefinite country countryă countryi countrye
        definite countryul countrya countryii countryele
        genitive-
        dative
        indefinite country countrye countryi countrye
        definite countryului countryei countryilor countryelor

        Further reading

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        Spanish

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        Spanish Wikipedia has an article on:
        Wikipedia es

        Etymology

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          Unadapted borrowing from English country. Doublet of contrada.

          Pronunciation

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          • IPA(key): /ˈkantɾi/ [ˈkãn̪.t̪ɾi], /ˈkontɾi/ [ˈkõn̪.t̪ɾi]
          • IPA(key): /ˈkowntɾi/ [ˈkown̪.t̪ɾi], /kownˈtɾi/ [kown̪ˈt̪ɾi]
          • Syllabification: coun‧try

          Noun

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          country m (uncountable)

          1. country music

          Usage notes

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          According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.

          Further reading

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          Swedish

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          Swedish Wikipedia has an article on:
          Wikipedia sv

          Etymology

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          Borrowed from English country. First attested in 1965.

          Noun

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          country c (uncountable)

          1. (music) country, country music
            Synonym: countrymusik
            • 1986, Claes Eriksson, “Truckdriving song”, in Macken [The gas station]‎[9], performed by Per Fritzell:
              Howdy, cowboy! Visa nu, vad har du på din mack? Jag behöver fylla skafferiet på min truck [English]. Tuggummi, så klart, snus och chips, en låda dryck, skulle jag bli glad om jag fick. Jag drar min långtradarsång, min lastbilskörarsång, för jag har sån smak för bilar med flak. Jag drar min truckdriving song [English], tjugofyra meter lång, och jag tackar Gud för countryns alla ljud. Och om låten blir för tråkig, ja, då jag tar jag det kallt. Ja, då byter jag tonart och höjer ett halvt. Ja, jag höjer ett halvt.
              Howdy, cowboy! Show me now, what do you have at your gas station? I need to fill the pantry in my truck [English]. Chewing gum, of course, snus and chips [in the US sense], a case of drink, I would be happy if I got. I do [pull] my big rig song, my truck driving song, because I have such taste for cars with a flatbed [platform]. I do my truckdriving song [English], twenty-four meters long, and I thank God for all the sounds of country music ("for the country music's all sounds"). And if the song gets too boring, yes, then I stay cool [take it cool]. Yes, then I change the key and raise by a half [step]. Yes, I raise by a half [step].

          Declension

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          Declension of country
          nominative genitive
          singular indefinite country countrys
          definite countryn countryns
          plural indefinite — —
          definite — —

          Further reading

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          • “country”, in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker [Dictionaries of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)