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The Wu-Yue was an ancient kingdom in China that existed during the Ten Kingdoms period (907–960 CE). This era followed the Tang dynasty and preceded the Song dynasty, characterized by political division and unrest, particularly in northern China.12

The Wu-Yue kingdom was situated near the Yangtze River delta in southeastern China. While many of the Ten Kingdoms were relatively stable, none possessed the power to unify the entire country. Despite the political fragmentation, the southern regions, including Wu-Yue, experienced significant economic prosperity and cultural development. Wu-Yue was particularly noted for its fine celadon pottery. The period saw advancements in agriculture, trade, and the emergence of early forms of paper credit instruments. The Song dynasty eventually reunified China, absorbing the southern kingdoms, but southeastern China maintained its cultural and economic vitality.12

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