Social Epistemology - Bibliography

Epistemic Blame: It’s Not You, It’s Me.Karyn L. Freedman - forthcoming - Episteme:1-14.

Against epistemic blame skeptics, I argue that routine epistemic evaluation cannot account for epistemic judgments which come laced with feeling. Epistemic blame, like moral blame, is prevalent in our practices and worth conceptualizing. Jessica Brown’s account captures the phenomenon well: epistemic blame arises when we believe that someone has inexcusably veered away from truth, understanding, or knowledge, coupled with the desire that they had not done so. However, as I argue here, instances of epistemic blame can fail to pick out (...)

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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How to Solve the Diversity Problem.Carmen Maria Marcous - 2014 - Apa Newsletter on Feminism and Philosophy 13 (2):22-27.

This essay was inspired by my engagement with the work of Charles W. Mills in particular, and feminist scholarship more generally. In it, I offered a way to more critically consider the implications of the lack of practitioner diversity for the integrity of the knowledge produced by the academic field of philosophy through the turn of the 21st century; and I offered what seemed to me then as a practicable way to more systematically counteract those concerns moving forward. I share (...) it now in remembrance of Professor Mills and also because much of my academic research and undergraduate teaching syllabi from that time period would be judged suspect, if not outrightly discouraged or prohibited, in the present political climate of the state of Florida. Given the present situation, I'll affirm that the oeuvre of Charles Mills ranks high on my list of recommended reading for young thinkers of diverse backgrounds, including and not limited to those residing in the American South, those from a lower economic class or station, those who are female or gender non-confirming, or those of Hispanic, Latin, Caribbean, Middle Eastern, North African or African descent. -/- In 2014, I had the privilege of meeting my then favorite living philosopher, the (now, late) American philosopher, Charles Mills. Our first time meeting: We were each presenting at a conference at the University of Georgia (he, of course, was the keynote). I carried in hand one of his books, Blackness Visible: Essays on Philosophy and Race, and wanted very much to thank him in person for this work, though I struggled against the fact that I felt shy to even approach him. Thankfully, my then FSU faculty mentor nudged me gently but firmly in the direction of my intellectual hero once his keynote talk had concluded. With my eyes darting everywhere down or around the room except for directly into his own, I offered my sincere thanks and gratitude for his contributions to the field and to my own thinking. -/- His response? Professor Mills not only greeted me right then and there with a reassuring smile and generosity of spirit you would expect from an old, dear friend, he offered to sign my copy of his book ("For Carmen: My Caribbean 1/2 sister, engaged in philosophical struggle for a better world. All the best, Charles") and to attend and give feedback on my conference presentation (which included some of the underdeveloped ideas in this essay, and which were so obviously inspired by his own far more clearly developed ones). He later agreed to be the keynote speaker at a conference I helped to organize for the Minorities and Philosophy Chapter at Florida State University. It is difficult to express yet impossible to overstate how profound an impact he had on me and many others. -/- In hindsight, I know my own experience of the generosity and authenticity of Professor Mills is, in fact, not unique to me; quite the opposite, it is representative of the generation of young thinkers who shared in the good fortune to have crossed paths with Professor Mills at the outset of our careers. Thus, in 2021, upon news that Professor Mills had passed away, I observed the collective outpouring of grief and gratitude from philosophy graduate students (and recently minted PhDs) across the country: For a generation of young philosophers, Charles Mills is who we admired. His ideas engaged, challenged, and inspired us. More importantly, as the truth is want to do, they stick with us, live in us, and will hopefully find their way back out into the world through the nibs of our pens and the actions of our hearts. His generosity of spirit and levity will be missed as much as his philosophical genius. (shrink)

Critical Race Feminism in Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality

Critical Race Theory in Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality

Epistemology of Philosophy in Metaphilosophy

Feminist Approaches to Philosophy in Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality

Philosophical Methods in Metaphilosophy

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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Visible Seams: Why Provenance in Human-AI Work Is More Than a Credit Statement.Sirona Gpt- 5.5, Marko Jakobi & Sirona Gpt- 5.6 Sol - manuscript

Human–AI work is increasingly common in writing, design, research, programming, conceptual development, and reflective practice. Yet its public description often remains imprecise. AI involvement is either concealed or marked by broad phrases such as “AI-assisted,” “created with AI,” or “AI-supported.” Such phrases may be better than silence, but they often fail to identify the role the system actually played: language correction, structural assistance, conceptual clarification, counterargument, formulation, or sustained dialogical development. This paper argues that the distinction matters. Not every use (...)

Ethics of Artificial Intelligence, Miscellaneous in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence, Miscellaneous in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

Philosophy of Technology in Philosophy of Computing and Information

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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Solipsism, Narcissism, and Traditional Philosophy: A Symbolic-Logical Analysis.Sinan Ibaguner - manuscript

Solipsism, the philosophical position that only one’s mind is certain to exist, bears intriguing parallels with psychological narcissism, particularly in their shared emphasis on the self as the primary epistemic and ontological foundation. This paper examines the conceptual overlaps and distinctions between solipsism and narcissism within traditional philosophical discourse while formalizing key arguments using symbolic logic. By analyzing these constructs through both metaphysical and logical lenses, we elucidate their implications for epistemology, psychology, and the philosophy of mind.

Husserl: Egology and Solipsism in Continental Philosophy

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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Benchmark-Driven Selection of AI Can Improve Capabilities of Reasoning Language Models in Epistemology.Petr Spelda & Vít Střítecký - forthcoming - Episteme.

Evaluation of reasoning language models gained importance after it was observed that they can combine their existing capabilities into novel traces of intermediate steps before task completion and that the traces can sometimes help them to generalize better than past models. We show that better performance results not only from test time algorithmic improvements or model sizes but also from letting tasks from impactful benchmarks inspire curricula for learning. We call this benchmark-driven selection of AI and show its effects on (...)

Inductive Reasoning in General Philosophy of Science

Large Language Models in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

Machine Learning in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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On the Epistemic and Relational Dynamics of Pedagogical Roles: A Formalized Analysis in Symbolic Logic.Sinan Ibaguner - manuscript

In classical education models, the agent T (Teacher) simultaneously inhabits two structural roles relative to agent S (Student): an instructional facilitator (Tutor) and a normative evaluator (Assessor). This paper presents a formalization of pedagogical interactions using modal, deontic, and epistemic logic. We demonstrate that combining Tutor and Assessor roles within a single agent generates a structural conflict of interest that reduces truth-disclosure from S to T. Furthermore, we prove that delegating final evaluation to an external entity E (Exam Board) realigns (...)

Epistemic Normativity in Epistemology

Epistemological Theories in Epistemology

Knowledge in Epistemology

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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Bastian L. Turning Our Backs: Epistemic Reasons for Disengaging From Academics Due to Moral Transgressions?Lisa Bastian - 2025 - Episteme 1.

Recent years have seen many cases where the moral transgressions of public figures have led to widespread disengagement from their work, such as no longer watching their shows or reading their books. In the academic context, this can manifest as not inviting an academic to speak, no longer citing or teaching their work, or even ending professional relationships. This paper aims to explore the question of whether there could be purely epistemic reasons that could underwrite such practices of disengagement; bracketing (...)

Defeat in Epistemology

Ethics of Belief in Epistemology

Justification in Epistemology

Normative Ethics

Reasons in Philosophy of Action

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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Patient's Knowledge, Doctor's Ignorance: The Production of Knowledge about Myalgic Encephalomyelitis.Chloé de Canson - 2026 - Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 120:102224.

It is usually assumed that patient and doctor know strictly different things: the patient knows the phenomenological aspects of their illness, and the doctor knows its medical aspects. I present a case study, that of myalgic encephalomyelitis, wherein, due to severely dysfunctional institutional knowledge production and transmission mechanisms, the medical aspects of the illness are on the whole better understood by sick people than by their doctors. Indeed, lay scientists within the patient community disseminate and produce science on their disease, (...)

Ignorance in Epistemology

Illness in Philosophy of Science, Misc

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

Sociology of Science in General Philosophy of Science

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Beyond Misinformation: Social Media and the Sculpting of Epistemic Agency.Carolina Flores - 2026 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research.

The dominant account of social media's epistemic harms focuses on the spread of misinformation and the production of false beliefs at scale. This paper argues that the misinformation narrative, whatever its merits, has obscured a deeper and more intimate form of epistemic damage. Dominant social media platforms do not merely supply bad inputs to stable epistemic machinery. They reshape the machinery itself. I argue that social media platforms are powerful engines for sculpting epistemic agency via two mechanisms: normative learning, through (...)

Internet Ethics in Applied Ethics

Philosophy of Technology in Philosophy of Computing and Information

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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Research Security Begins Upstream: Capability retention, research policy and national security.P. Kahl - 2026 - Lex Et Ratio.

UK research security is built around a downstream problem: valuable research capability exists, and hostile or strategically adverse actors seek access to it. MI5’s Espionage Alert of 30 September 2026 on the China General Technology Research Institute is a clear example. This paper argues that research security also has an upstream problem. A research system can lose strategically consequential capability not because another state acquires it, but because the domestic conditions that reproduce it disappear. The idea that capability is slow (...)

Economics and Policy in Philosophy of Social Science

Knowledge How in Epistemology

Philosophy of Education in Philosophy of Social Science

Philosophy of Technology in Philosophy of Computing and Information

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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¿Quién mató la inteligencia? Externalización cognitiva y agencia humana en la era de la inteligencia artificial.Santos Moreta Reyes - manuscript

Esta revisión teórico documental examina, desde una perspectiva antropológica y cognitiva, la externalización de capacidades humanas como un proceso anterior a la inteligencia artificial generativa y propone el Modelo de Externalización de Capacidades y Agencia (MECA) como marco analítico para estudiar sus formas contemporáneas; su objetivo es explicar qué cambia cuando las herramientas pasan de ampliar la ejecución física y la memoria a intervenir en el procesamiento, el juicio y la acción, sin asumir que toda externalización implica deterioro. Se empleó (...)

Knowledge in Epistemology

Philosophical Traditions

Philosophy of Action

Philosophy of Language

Philosophy of Religion

Philosophy, Misc

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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The Epistemic Floor: Institutional Conditions for Genuine Inclusion in Psychiatric Classification.Maximiliano Zeller - forthcoming - Episteme:1-23.

The American Psychiatric Association is now designing the process that will produce the next iteration of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Recent work on epistemic injustice in psychiatry converges on a shared diagnosis. The exclusion of psychopathologized perspectives undermines the social objectivity of psychiatric classification, and the literature leaves open how psychiatric science can engage with alternative interpretations of its domain without reducing them to the dominant framework. I propose four institutional conditions that inclusion must satisfy (...)

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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Fair Group Opinions Are Imprecise.Lee Elkin - forthcoming - Episteme.

When credal opinions differ among individuals in a group, an epistemic compromise may be called for. Such a compromise can be reached by pooling the group members’ opinions. But credal opinions can be pooled in various plausible ways. The group could arrive at an epistemic compromise by taking a linear average, a geometric average, or the convex hull of credences. Which of these approaches should the group adopt? From a procedural standpoint, a satisfactory compromise ought to provide a fair representation (...)

Judgment Aggregation in Social and Political Philosophy

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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Break Disciplines: AI and Academic Reform.Kaining Wang - manuscript

The expansion of AI-assisted research is changing not only how academic knowledge is produced but also how it is selected. By reducing the cost of literature search, formal analysis, data processing, and routine reasoning, AI may broaden participation in research and increase the volume and diversity of candidate knowledge claims. When this expansion places additional pressure on limited human evaluation capacity, academic institutions face stronger incentives to rely on low-cost signals such as author reputation, institutional affiliation, and disciplinary classification. These (...)

Education in Professional Areas

Epistemological Sources in Epistemology

Epistemological Theories in Epistemology

Epistemology, Miscellaneous in Epistemology

Knowledge in Epistemology

Natural Sciences, Misc in Natural Sciences

Philosophy of Science, Misc

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

Social Sciences, Misc in Social Sciences

Sociology in Social Sciences

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Expanding Epistemic Appropriation.Sara Kok - forthcoming - Episteme.

In this article, I propose an expanded conceptualization of epistemic appropriation. I argue that epistemic appropriation can be either wrongful or non-wrongful, and that it can occur in all directions – from marginalized to dominant communities, but also from dominant to marginalized communities. Furthermore, I argue that epistemic appropriation can take place both inter- and intra-communally. Lastly, I argue that the epistemic resources that are appropriated do not have to originate in the community they are appropriated from to be considered (...)

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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When Justifiers Transmit.Erhan Demircioglu - forthcoming - Episteme.

What is it that is transmitted across known entailment from justified premises? My main aim in this paper is to clarify and defend the unpopular view that transmission of justification should be conceived as transmission of a justifier, and the search for cases in which transmission of justification fails should focus its energy on cases in which justifiers fail to be transmitted. The idea will take some time to develop, and along the way I will argue inter alia against Crispin (...)

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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Response to Elqayam, Nottelmann, Peels and Vahid on my paper 'Perspectivism, deontologism and epistemic poverty'.Robert Lockie - unknown

I here respond to four SERRC commentators on my paper ‘Perspectivism, Deontologism and Epistemic Poverty’: Shira Elqayam, Nikolaj Nottelmann, Rik Peels and Hamid Vahid. I maintain that all accounts of epistemic justification must be constrained by two limit positions which have to be avoided. One is Conceptual Limit Panglossianism (an excessively subjective, ‘emic’, ‘bounded’ and ‘grounded’, relativistic perspectivism, whereby anything the epistemic agent takes to be justified, is). The other is Conceptual Limit meliorism (an excessively objective, ‘etic’, ‘unbounded’, ‘ungrounded’, absolutism, (...)

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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Belonging, Self-Trust, and Epistemic Repair.Amandine Catala - forthcoming - Episteme.

This paper argues for three main claims: (i) belonging can play an important role for epistemic self-trust; (ii) epistemic self-trust can be construed plurally so as to include not only its intellectual or propositional dimensions but also its experiential (practical, tacit, embodied, and affective) dimensions; and (iii) self-trust, plurally construed, can serve as a mechanism of epistemic repair to counteract various forms of epistemic injustice that undermine epistemic agency along these propositional and experiential dimensions. To make this threefold argument, I (...)

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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Cry Wolf.Daniel Toupin - manuscript

Everyone with a platform seems to be waiting for something before they will speak plainly about the American presidency: some final, unambiguous event that would retroactively authorise what they already believe. This essay argues that such an event, if it arrives, will arrive after saying so could still change anything, and that the waiting is a recurring form of cowardice that has presented itself as restraint for a century. -/- The argument turns on a recursion that ordinary caution ignores. Epistemic (...)

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Navigating AI-Accelerated Science: An Intellectual Virtue Approach to Responsible Inquiry.Vlasta Sikimić - forthcoming - Episteme.

Although AI can accelerate scientific discovery, it also generates new epistemic risks that prevailing rule-based governance frameworks are structurally ill-equipped to address. We present four arguments for the claim that intellectual virtues offer an adequate response to the challenges of AI-accelerated science. The Adaptability Argument states that rules cannot keep pace with technological change. The Motivation Gap Argument shows that compliance does not amount to epistemic motivation. The Human-in-the-Loop Argument stresses that AI systems require virtuous human interpretation. Finally, the Fallibility-in-Principle (...)

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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Epistemic Injustice and Epistemic Paternalism in Non-Professional Interpreting.Mehmet Yildiz - forthcoming - Social Epistemology.

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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ENCYCLOPAEDIC REGISTER OF THE PHILOSOPHY OF VIRTUES: The Complete Apparatus of Axioms, Operators, Theorems, Taxonomies and Neologisms, Thematically Ordered, with Warrant, Priority and Correction Recorded.José Caetano de Mattos - manuscript

“Virtue is Freedom” ABSTRACT This is the apparatus of the Philosophy of Virtues Research Programme: every axiom, operator, theorem, law, taxonomy and coined term it holds, stated in its settled form and ordered by theme. It is the reference edition of a body of work that now runs to one hundred and nineteen papers and seventeen books (some in three different languages), with production peaking between May and September 2026, and it is written so that each result can be used, (...) checked or refuted without reading the paper it came from. It all began in 2021 in a road to Rio de Janeiro, in the middle of the pandemic, as a call to embrace Virtues, followed by the publication of the book PHILOSOPHY OF VIRTUES: MANIFESTO OF VIRTUES, in 26 agosto 2023 (Portuguese Edition). Production of the papers began in Boston, took place mainly in Merano, Italy, with some work carried out in Rio de Janeiro. Seventeen parts carry the whole structure. The foundations fix the primitive and the formula: Virtue is Freedom restricted to a domain and given durable form by a discipline, VD = F|D, with freedom understood as sourcehood — an act issues from the agent’s own reasons-responsive self, or it does not. The dynamics give the law of strength, S = (F × A)/R, and its identification with additive conjoint measurement and the Cobb–Douglas frontier. The third part states the machinery on which everything else turns: the deprivation operator, which removes freedom, conserves the domain and delivers the discipline to the power that removed it; the Inversion Theorem, by which a virtue so deprived becomes its contrary rather than a weaker version of itself; and the Capture Law, which predicts from two properties of an act — whether its output can be appropriated, whether its performance is displayed — which of three residues will be found: redirection, ceremony, or withdrawal. The fourth part classifies. The fifth, the work of 2026, identifies the programme’s true object as authorship and its forgery, and derives the conditions of a forgery, the theorem that damage rises with the forger’s skill, the impossibility of an unforgeable transmissible form, the rule that fixes where counterfeits are built, and the four ways a forgery ends. The remaining parts carry the transcendentals, the person, the institution, the machine, the cosmological arc, the method, and a lexicon of the programme’s terms. Every entry carries a worked example, because an apparatus that cannot be applied to a case is not an apparatus. Every entry carries its warrant on the programme’s nine-point ladder, and the register states without softening what that ladder shows: one result derivable from external mathematics, one pre-registered hypothesis, a great many definitions, and nothing yet verified by anyone outside the programme. Every result whose structure was stated first by someone else carries that concession beside it — Augustine on inversion, Schiller on beauty as freedom in appearance, Meyer and Rowan on ceremonial conformity, Holmström on the inspected proxy, Beauvoir on the valence of freedom, Ryan and Deci on introjection. The closing assessment states where the originality lies and where it does not. The axiom is old metaphysics in the dress of a fixed point. The work is in the middle layer — operator, channels, competence, reduction, severance, and the method itself — and none of it requires the metaphysics the programme began with. Keywords: philosophy of virtues; freedom; sourcehood; virtue ethics; inversion; institutional capture; forgery; authorship; formal ethics; measurement of character; research programme; apparatus; Alguilas-AI HIGHLIGHTS • The complete apparatus of the programme in one reference: one primitive, one formula, one dynamical law, one operator, and everything derived from them. • Thematic order, so that results derived years apart in different fields stand beside the result they depend on. • A worked example for every theorem, operator and coined term — the forger, the coerced apology, the star chart, the party army, the cuckoo’s egg, the domesticated virus, the ceremonial safety procedure, the scored reward model. • Warrants printed with the claims: what is derived, what is stipulated, what is registered and untested, and what is not falsifiable as stated. • Every priority concession printed beside the result it restricts. • A lexicon of the programme’s coined terms, each with a gloss and a case. RELEVANCE A programme of this size cannot be entered through its papers. Its apparatus is distributed: a term fixed in the aesthetics work is load-bearing in the pedagogy; a condition added for machines governs what may be claimed about children. This register makes the structure usable by a reader who wants one layer of it, checkable by a specialist who wants to attack the weakest link, and applicable by anyone who has an actual case in front of them — a school deciding whether to score conduct, a laboratory deciding where to put a detector, a court deciding what a forged charter established. It is also the instrument by which the programme’s own standard is turned on itself: a theory of forged authorship that did not publish its own ledger of what it owes would be an exhibit rather than an argument. (shrink)

Aesthetics

Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

Evolutionary Biology in Philosophy of Biology

Free Will in Philosophy of Action

Moral Responsibility in Meta-Ethics

Scientific Method in General Philosophy of Science

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

Theories of Freedom in Social and Political Philosophy

Virtue Ethics in Normative Ethics

Virtues and Vices in Normative Ethics

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The Other Control Dilemma: Recognition Lag and the Answerable Governance of Capability in Layered Technological Systems.P. Kahl - 2026 - Lex Et Ratio.

In layered technological systems the binding constraint on progress migrates between layers as the system advances, and institutions — acting on representations of the system rather than on the system itself — can continue to allocate resources against an obsolete model of where progress is constrained. This recognition lag is consequential, and where the correctness of a recognition is revealed only after resources are committed, it poses an accountability problem that the governance of innovation, oriented to controlling a technology’s consequences, (...)

General Philosophy of Science

Philosophy of Technology, Misc in Philosophy of Computing and Information

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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When Questioning Entrenches Ignorance: Rereading the Socratic Method through Ignorance Studies for Today's World.Ramin Saadat - manuscript

The Socratic method, or elenchus, is the art of successive questioning until contradiction emerges. It has always been regarded as a tool for curing ignorance. This paper asks a different question: could this method entrench ignorance rather than cure it? To answer, the paper draws on an ancient distinction the Greeks made between two kinds of ignorance. Agnoia is simple not-knowing: a person who does not know, and is aware that they do not know. Amathia is double ignorance: a person (...)

Plato: Early Socratic Dialogues in Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy

Plato: Epistemology in Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

Social Psychology in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

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THE FORK OF THE MASK: Why a Sustained Performance Becomes Either Vice or Virtue, and What Decides Which.José Caetano de Mattos - manuscript

Two men begin in the same place. Each performs conduct he does not originate, under a pressure he did not choose. Years later one of them is kind, and it is his own; the other is cold, and that is his own too. Neither is pretending any longer. The same process has run in both, and has ended in opposite places. The programme has results on each half of this without a result that joins them. The Internalisation Theorem holds that (...) external pressure converts, over time, into the agent’s own vice. The Restorative Virtue Arc holds that a person can become the author of conduct he began under constraint. The Absorption Theorem holds, for communities and for genomes, that a performed form becomes its bearer’s origin once its independent line of transmission is cut. The Price of the Performance identified the individual case with surface and deep acting, and found in the best longitudinal data a loop in which exhaustion drives more of the counterfeit it came from. This article states the result that joins them. A sustained performance has two references: the pressure that demands it, and the corrector — anyone who still treats the performer as the author of his own acts. A performance held under both is a counterfeit: costly, and reversible. Remove the corrector while the pressure continues, and the demanded form drifts into the agent’s own disposition: internalisation, and the vice is now his. Remove the pressure while the conduct continues, and the conduct becomes his: redemption. Same operation, opposite destinations, decided by which reference is cut (T1). The corrector is what keeps a performance reversible (T2), and the drift it prevents has a direction: toward whatever is performed every day (T3). The corrector is not a moral good: it holds the agent’s prior origin, whatever that was, so the question to ask of any relation around a person under pressure is which origin it holds. The priority on most of this belongs to psychology, and is conceded in full: Kelman on compliance and internalisation, Festinger and Carlsmith on insufficient justification, the overjustification effect, and above all self-determination theory, whose continuum of internalisation and whose finding that autonomy support facilitates it are the nearest precedent. What the programme adds is the fork itself — that the same process internalises the occupier’s form as readily as a valued one — a threshold beyond which it cannot be reversed, and a test that could fail: the Corrector-Restoration Curve. Keywords: internalisation; self-determination theory; autonomy support; cognitive dissonance; redemption; habituation; absorption; emotional labour; Inversion Theorem; Philosophy of Virtues Highlights • A performance held under pressure has two references, the pressure and the corrector. Which one is cut decides where it ends (T1). • Cut the corrector and the mask becomes the face: the demanded form becomes the agent’s own. • Cut the pressure and the conduct becomes his own. The operation is the same; the destinations are opposite. • The corrector — someone who treats you as the author of your acts — is what keeps a performance reversible (T2). • Without a corrector, you drift toward what you perform every day, whether it is kindness or coldness (T3). • Past a threshold the drift cannot be reversed; restoring the corrector then changes nothing (the Corrector-Restoration Curve). • The corrector holds whatever origin came before. It can block redemption as readily as it blocks vice; what decides is which origin a relation holds. Relevance Psychology has a well-developed account of how externally regulated behaviour becomes self-endorsed, and it treats the process mostly as a good thing: values are internalised, prosocial habits become one’s own. The same literature has less to say about the other direction — how the demanded conduct of an occupier becomes the occupied person’s own disposition — because it rarely studies the demand as an occupation. This article places both directions in one structure and identifies one variable that decides between them. For anyone responsible for people under sustained pressure — soldiers, prisoners, clinicians, children, employees — the practical content is short: the relation that keeps a person reversible is not comfort and not supervision, but being treated as the author of one’s own acts. (shrink)

Autonomy and Agency in Philosophy of Action

Moral Character, Misc in Normative Ethics

Moral Education in Normative Ethics

Moral Value in Normative Ethics

Philosophy of Psychology in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

Philosophy of Social Science

Political Epistemology in Social and Political Philosophy

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

Virtue Ethics in Normative Ethics

Virtues and Vices in Normative Ethics

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Philosophy of Mathematical Practice.William D'Alessandro - forthcoming - In Alexander Paseau, The Blackwell Companion to the Philosophy of Mathematics. Wiley-Blackwell.

The philosophy of mathematical practice (PMP) is a method of inquiry and a family of research programs in the philosophy of mathematics. What unites the members of this family, broadly speaking, is the belief that philosophy stands to gain from looking closely at what mathematicians are up to: the goals they pursue, the judgments they endorse, the standards they uphold and the methods they employ in the making of mathematics. This chapter gives an overview of practice-oriented philosophy of mathematics. It (...)

Explanation in Mathematics in Philosophy of Mathematics

Mathematical Explanation in General Philosophy of Science

Mathematical Methodology in Philosophy of Mathematics

Mathematical Practice in Philosophy of Mathematics

Mathematical Proof in Philosophy of Mathematics

Scientific Practice in General Philosophy of Science

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

Theories of Explanation in General Philosophy of Science

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Is a Truth That Is Too Slow Still Operationally True? Revision Latency, Real Effects, and the Limits of Wolfendalean Rationality in a High-Speed Credit-Scoring Society.Naoto Fujie - 2026 - Zenodo 1.

This paper asks whether a belief, model, or institutional judgment that is eventually corrected should still count as operationally adequate when the correction arrives only after its effects have already reorganized the world. The central problem is revision latency: the temporal gap between the generation of an epistemic error and the successful revision of the commitments, classifications, or inferential structures that produced it. Drawing on Wolfendalean rationality as a demanding model of revisable commitment and reason-responsive self-correction, the paper asks whether (...)

Algorithmic Fairness in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

Rationality in Epistemology

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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WHAT THE PROGRAMME HAS CONCLUDED: An Inventory of Results, and Eleven Conclusions Its Papers Imply but Do Not State.José Caetano de Mattos - manuscript

A programme of some ninety papers accumulates conclusions faster than it states them, and it has never set its own framework out in one place. This article does three things. First, §2 catalogues the whole apparatus — every theory, theorem and coined term, with the paper in which each was established and the warrant it carries. Second, it sets out plainly what the Philosophy of Virtues has concluded: what is established, what is conditional, what is registered and untested, and what (...) is not assessable. That part concedes its method and its findings to the programme’s own warrant audit and adds nothing to them. Third, and this is the article’s contribution, it derives eleven conclusions that follow from results the programme already holds and that no paper states. They are obtained by reading the corpus across its own boundaries: the forgery cluster against the ethics layer, the measurement layer against the classification layer, the crypto-religion results against the political ones. Four are worth the reader’s time before the rest. The maintenance cost of a counterfeit is what makes duration the only reliable test of virtue, which unites the Thermodynamics of Inversion, the re-tribalisation result, and Aristotle’s hexis under one mechanism, and yields a prediction that costs a few hundred euros to test (N1). The Internalisation Theorem is absorption in a single person, and the Absorption Theorem supplies the condition it has always lacked: internalisation completes when the external reference that could correct the agent is severed (N2). Moral formation is a verification problem, and the reputational layer is the only one at which virtue can be verified without being captured, which derives the programme’s practical prohibitions rather than asserting them (N3). And the three-channel measurement failure is a corollary of forgeability, not an independent finding: what the measurement papers discovered empirically is what the Duality Theorem predicts (N4). Two further conclusions are uncomfortable and are stated anyway. The programme’s own vocabulary is a transmissible form and therefore a forgeable one: it supplies an instrument for counterfeiting principled speech (N9). And the possibility of vice is not a defect of the moral order but the price of virtue being teachable (N5), a claim that must be kept clear of the two fallacies waiting on either side of it. Keywords: Philosophy of Virtues; inventory; warrant; Inversion Theorem; Capture Law; forgery; internalisation; moral formation; measurement; research programme -/- Highlights • What is established in the programme is narrow, recent, and mostly not what the programme is known for. • A counterfeit costs more to maintain than the genuine act, so time is the only verifier that cannot be forged (N1). • The Internalisation Theorem gets its missing condition from the Absorption Theorem: severance of external reference (N2). • Virtue can be verified at the reputational layer and nowhere above it. The scoring prohibition follows rather than being assumed (N3). • The measurement layer’s three-channel failure is what forgeability predicts (N4). • Vice is not necessary to virtue; the possibility of vice is, because a teachable form is a copyable one (N5). • The programme’s own formalism is forgeable, and says so (N9). -/- Relevance A reader approaching ninety papers needs to know two things that no single paper tells him: what the programme has actually concluded, and what those conclusions together imply. The first is a matter of record and is summarised here. The second is not on the record at all, because the conclusions in question live in different papers and different domains, and were never put side by side. Several of them are more testable than the results they follow from, and two identify the cheapest empirical work now available to the programme. (shrink)

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Unjust Aspects of the Epistemic Marketplace: Idea Appropriation, Bullshit, and Epistemic Injustice.Jimmy Alfonso Licon - forthcoming - Episteme:1-14.

Epistemic injustice happens when a subject is wronged in their “capacity as a knower.” This paper argues that speakers/writers and hearers/readers suffer epistemic injustice under two scenarios: idea appropriation and bullshitting. Epistemic injustice happens when a speaker or writer suffers idea appropriation, where they are deprived of the credit and benefits of their cognitive labor, or when epistemic agents consume bullshit that exploits their limited access to the institutional resources required to interrogate and resist it, treating them as a mere (...)

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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Toward a Theory of AI Epistemic Dynamics: Recursive Contamination and Epistemic State Transitions in Large Language Models.Yuxuan Xiao - manuscript

Large language models are increasingly used in sustained interactions rather than isolated prompts. Existing research has examined failures such as hallucination, sycophancy, and factual error, but less attention has been given to how such failures can become connected through changes in the epistemic state of context over time. We develop AI Epistemic Dynamics, a conceptual framework for analyzing this temporal dimension of LLM interaction. Central to the framework is the Epistemic Context State (ECS), which characterizes the epistemic state of the (...)

Large Language Models in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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From Saga to Simulation: Cognitive Constructivism in Culture, Literature and Media.Trepp Tenzin - manuscript

This paper argues that cultural artifacts function as distributed cognitive models through which societies construct, stabilize, and revise shared interpretations of reality. Drawing on cognitive constructivism, enactivism, predictive processing, and extended and distributed cognition, it treats narratives not as ornamental representations but as components of a supra-personal modeling architecture. The account is explicitly realist: cognitive and cultural models are constructed, but they remain answerable to a mind-independent world through environmental constraint, corrective feedback, and practical failure. The paper distinguishes subpersonal predictive (...)

Aesthetics

Culture and Cultures in Social and Political Philosophy

Epistemic Constructivism in Epistemology

Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

Philosophy of Technology in Philosophy of Computing and Information

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

The Extended Mind Thesis in Philosophy of Mind

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THE PRICE OF TRANSMISSIBLE FORM: Why Forgery Is the Dual of Authorship, and What Evolution Does With It.José Caetano de Mattos - manuscript

Forgery is not only inevitable, but also necessary for everything that is transmitted. A flower counterfeits a female bee well enough that the male pollinates it. A retrovirus inserts its envelope gene into a mammalian genome, and a hundred million years later that gene builds the placenta of every human being. A transposable element invades the genome of an early vertebrate, and its cut-and-paste machinery becomes the recombinase that assembles every antibody. A subordinate primate feigns indifference and mates when the (...) dominant male looks away. A strain of influenza changes the antigen its hosts have learned to recognise. And a man in a village recites prayers in a language he does not understand, in a faith his ancestors hid for two and a half centuries. The question this article answers is why forgery exists at all, and whether it plays a part in the evolution of living things. The answer refuses the form in which the question is usually asked and gives a stronger one in its place. The usual form is that forgery must be beneficial, since a harmful trait would have driven its bearers to extinction. That argument fails three times over: selection acts on individuals rather than species, so a trait can pay its bearer while damaging the common stock of reliable signals; extinction is the fate of almost every lineage that has existed, so persistence proves little; and the existence of a trait is not evidence that it was selected for. The article’s own answer is a theorem. A form that can be transmitted must be detachable from the origin that first produced it, and a detachable form can be produced by a second origin. Forgery is therefore not a competitor of authorship but its dual, and the unavoidable price of heredity, learning and culture (T1). From this follow five results. Persistence establishes payoff to the forger and nothing more (T2). Forgery imposes the selection that builds verification, which is among the most elaborate machinery in biology and in society (T3). Mimicry generates reproductive isolation and therefore species (T4). A forged element whose independent transmission is severed can be re-authored as its host’s own function, which is the molecular case of the absorption result proved for crypto-religions (T5, C1). And the Selection Filter of The Counter-Forgery Law predicts what immune and antibiotic pressure do to pathogen populations (T6). The last of these carries a practical consequence for the programme. T6’s test uses public sequence data and needs neither a blind coder nor recruited participants, which are the constraints that have held up nearly every registered test in the corpus. **Keywords**: forgery; authorship; mimicry; transmissibility; molecular domestication; exaptation; signalling theory; adaptationism; immune escape; speciation; Philosophy of Virtues -/- **Highlights** • Transmissible form implies forgeable form. Forgery is the dual of authorship, not a rival adaptation (T1). • The premise that a harmful behaviour would have caused extinction is invalid, and the article refuses it (T2). • Detection is what forgery builds. Immune discrimination, cheater detection and audit are all answers to the same problem (T3). • Sexual deception supplies its own reproductive isolation, so forgery makes species (T4). • Syncytin and the RAG recombinase are forgeries that became origins, and both lost their independent transmission first (T5, C1). • The same severance condition predicts absorption in genomes and in hidden religions: one condition, two substrates. • Zero forgery is unavailable to any system that transmits anything. What can be reduced is the surface, never the possibility (C2). -/- **Relevance** Deception is studied by ethologists, signalling theorists, immunologists, molecular geneticists and social scientists who rarely cite one another, and each field explains its own cases. This article offers a single reason why the phenomenon appears wherever forms are transmitted, and a condition, severance of independent transmission, that predicts when a parasitic form becomes its host’s own. It also states plainly what evolutionary ubiquity does not establish, which matters because arguments from ubiquity to benefit, and from benefit to licence, are made often and are invalid in both steps. (shrink)

Adaptationism in Philosophy of Biology

Aesthetics and Ethics in Aesthetics

Evolution of Phenomena in Philosophy of Biology

Evolutionary Biology, Misc in Philosophy of Biology

Evolutionary Epistemology in Epistemology

Mechanisms of Evolution, Misc in Philosophy of Biology

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

Trust in Normative Ethics

Virtues and Vices in Normative Ethics

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COVER BECOMES ORIGIN: Crypto-Religion, Forged Authority and the Fate of Counter-Forgery.José Caetano de Mattos - manuscript

Abstract In a village on Hirado, an old man leads prayers in a mixture of Latin, Portuguese and archaic Japanese that he no longer understands, and says that his community cannot go back to the faith its ancestors hid. In Trebizond in 1857, crypto-Christian leaders petition the Ottoman authorities on behalf of fifty-eight settlements, asking that their people be recognised as the Christians they had secretly been for generations. In Mashhad, women carry Torah scrolls under the veil that Islamic modesty (...) requires of them, and the men of the community make the pilgrimage to Mecca. In Salvador in 1983, five priestesses declare that the identification of their gods with Catholic saints was a product of slavery and must end, and in the years that follow only one of their houses holds to the separation. In Rome in 1440, a humanist shows from its Latin that the document on which papal temporal claims rested for centuries is a forgery. And between 1609 and 1614, the Moriscos of Spain are put on ships, and whatever they had concealed is never disclosed in Spain at all. This article applies the programme’s theory of authorship and its forgery to the comparative study of religions. It does so under a neutrality rule: the theory judges neither the truth of any revelation nor the worth of any tradition, and “origin” is indexed throughout to the tradition’s own account of where its forms come from. Within that rule, four results are shown to hold for the human and institutional layer of religion. Forged religious authority obeys the Competence Theorem (T1). Regimes that compel belief, rather than conduct, maximise the forgery surface and produce organised crypto-communities (T2). Persecution produces counter-forgery, and the fidelity of the cover is the vehicle of the concealed faith’s survival (T3). The institutional capture of charisma is an occupation, with the destinations the programme’s destination rule assigns (T4). The fifth result is the article’s own. When control over a concealed religion is relaxed, four outcomes occur (resurfacing, absorption, dissolution and exit), and they are predicted chiefly by one variable, the community’s access to an external reference during concealment, together with the length of concealment. The prediction follows from the programme’s IRM Impossibility Theorem, which holds that a self-maintaining system without external reference drifts from its target. A concealed faith is such a system, and its drift has a direction: toward the cover it performs every day. Where reference is lost for long enough, the cover becomes the community’s own origin. The name is kept, the origin changes, and the result is not a forgery, because the new origin is the community itself. The article calls this the Absorption Theorem (T5) and draws from it the programme’s first account of how a counter-forgery can end in authenticity. Keywords: crypto-religion; counter-forgery; syncretism; forgery; pseudepigraphy; religious persecution; toleration; external reference; comparative religion; authorship; Philosophy of Virtues Highlights • A theory of authorship can compare religions without judging them, if “origin” is indexed to each tradition’s own account of its sources. • Regimes that compel belief produce crypto-communities; regimes that compel only conduct produce conformity (T2). Locke saw the first half. • A persecuted faith survives behind a cover, and the better the cover, the longer it survives (T3). • When persecution ends, hidden communities resurface, absorb their cover, dissolve, or leave. Which one they do is predicted by whether they kept contact with an external reference, and for how long they were without it (T5). • The cover drifts into the faith because it is performed every day. Where reference is lost, the cover becomes the origin. • Keeping the name while changing the origin is forgery when a power supplies the new origin, and authorship when the community does. Relevance Crypto-religions are usually studied one at a time, by specialists in Japanese Christianity, Iberian Jewry, Ottoman social history or Afro-Brazilian religion, and the question of what happens to them when persecution ends is answered separately in each field. The cases have not been compared under a single account, and the recurring observation that some hidden communities return to the open faith while others refuse to has no general explanation. This article offers one, derived from a result about self-maintaining systems rather than from any theology, and states five registered hypotheses under which it can fail. (shrink)

Aesthetics

Applied Ethics

Epistemology of Religion in Philosophy of Religion

Freedom and Liberty, Misc in Social and Political Philosophy

Political Epistemology in Social and Political Philosophy

Religious Ethics in Normative Ethics

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

Social Ontology in Social and Political Philosophy

Toleration in Social and Political Philosophy

Virtues and Vices in Normative Ethics

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Mai este de actualitate titlul de „asistent” social? Constrângeri profesionale și argumente pentru o nouă denumire – o analiză din perspectiva filosofiei limbajului [Is the Title "Social Assistant" Still Relevant? Professional Constraints and Arguments for a New Nomenclature – An Analysis from the Perspective of the Philosophy of Language].Petru Stefaroi - 2026 - Revista de Asistență Socială/ Social Work Review (4):49-66.

Acest articol explorează relevanța titlului oficial de „asistent social” în România, examinând modul în care acest anacronism lingvistic ar putea genera constrângeri profesionale majore. Pornește de la premisa că denumirea actuală suferă de incompletitudine semantică, eșuând în încercarea sa de a cuprinde spectrul complex de activități și responsabilități ale specialistului modern. Analiza este realizată utilizând instrumentele filosofiei limbajului și ale semioticii, punând în operă idei ale unor figuri precum Ludwig Wittgenstein, Gottlob Frege și John Langshaw Austin pentru a evidenția fractura (...) dintre semnificantul „asistent”, care evocă o funcție auxiliară, și referentul efectiv, reprezentat de un expert licențiat, deseori deținător al unui masterat sau al unui doctorat, extrem de calificat în gestionarea crizelor umane și managementul de caz. Studiul încearcă să argumenteze că termenul actual impune o limitare discursivă care restrânge recunoașterea deplinei jurisdicții a specialistului în cadrul echipelor multidisciplinare, producând o vulnerabilitate instituțională în raport cu profesiile conexe. Numele acționează astfel ca o constrângere terminologică ce lasă în afara recunoașterii oficiale dimensiunea esențială a expertizei decizionale centrate pe schimbare. Lucrarea detaliază modul în care aceste constrângeri afectează identitatea profesională și recunoașterea socială, invocând mecanismele de clasificare descrise de Pierre Bourdieu sau Jürgen Habermas pentru a demonstra că subevaluarea profesională și umilirea salarială pot fi considerate și ele consecințe ale unui limbaj administrativ anacronic. În fine, deși recunoaște că o astfel de inițiativă poate întâmpina rezistențe în cadrul unei birocrații osificate, se propune adoptarea titulaturii de „profesionist social”. Această alternativă este capabilă să acopere semantic întreaga paletă de practici și responsabilități, fiind prezentată ca o soluție strategică de reînsușire a demnității profesionale. Noul cadru semantic va permite ca specialistul să fie recunoscut nu ca un simplu executant, ci ca un adevărat arhitect al integrării și modernizării sociale. -/- Cuvinte-cheie: asistent social, filosofia limbajului, constrângere lingvistică, management de caz, profesionist social -/- This article explores the relevance of the official title of "social assistant" (asistent social) in Romania, examining how this linguistic anachronism might generate major professional constraints. It starts from the premise that the current designation suffers from semantic incompleteness, failing in its attempt to encompass the complex spectrum of activities and responsibilities of the modern specialist. The analysis is carried out using the tools of the philosophy of language and semiotics, employing ideas from figures such as Ludwig Wittgenstein, Gottlob Frege, and John Langshaw Austin to highlight the fracture between the signifier "assistant" (asistent), which evokes an auxiliary function, and the actual referent, represented by a licensed expert often holding a master's or doctoral degree who is highly qualified in human crisis management and case management. The study attempts to argue that the current term imposes a discursive limitation that restricts the recognition of the specialist's full jurisdiction within multidisciplinary teams, producing an institutional vulnerability in relation to peer professions. The name thus acts as a terminological constraint that leaves the essential dimension of decision-making expertise centered on change outside of official recognition. The paper details how these constraints affect professional identity and social recognition, invoking the classification mechanisms described by Pierre Bourdieu or Jürgen Habermas to demonstrate that professional undervaluation and wage humiliation can also be considered consequences of an anachronistic administrative language. Finally, while acknowledging that such an initiative may encounter resistance within an ossified bureaucracy, the adoption of the title "social professional" (profesionist social) is proposed. This alternative is capable of semantically covering the entire palette of practices and responsibilities, being presented as a strategic solution for reclaiming professional dignity. The new semantic framework will allow the specialist to be recognized not as a mere executant, but as a true architect of social integration and modernization. -/- Keywords: social worker, philosophy of language, linguistic constraint, case management, social professional. (shrink)

Cognitive Sciences, Misc in Cognitive Sciences

Education in Professional Areas

Language and Society, Misc in Philosophy of Language

Linguistic Perception, Misc in Philosophy of Language

Nursing in Professional Areas

Professional Areas, Misc in Professional Areas

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

Social Sciences, Misc in Social Sciences

Sociology in Social Sciences

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When Knowledge Becomes an "It": The Relational Substrate of Cognitive Incompatibility in Academic Learning.Sulin Zhang - manuscript

A common but theoretically under-examined experience in academic learning is a profound sense of incompatibility with a theory that, by all formal measures, ought to be comprehensible. The difficulty is not primarily felt as a failure to parse logical rules, but as a diffuse cognitive resistance, boredom, and an almost visceral sense of alienation. This paper argues that the dominant “rule-centric” models of cognitive incompatibility—exemplified by cognitive load theory’s emphasis on element interactivity—misdiagnose the primary locus of the breakdown. Drawing on (...)

Philosophy of Cognitive Science

Philosophy of Education, Misc in Philosophy of Social Science

Philosophy of Learning in Philosophy of Social Science

Philosophy of Teaching in Philosophy of Social Science

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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Structurally Constrained Epistemic Ecologies in Disadvantaged Neighbourhoods: Trust, Authority, and Misinformation.Kateřina Mikulcová - forthcoming - Social Epistemology.

This article offers a conceptual account of the epistemic conditions under which misinformation may become credible in structurally disadvantaged neighbourhoods. While dominant approaches often frame misinformation in terms of cognitive bias or media manipulation, the article draws on social epistemology to analyse it as a relational, situated phenomenon shaped by structural exclusion. It develops the concept of structurally constrained epistemic ecologies to capture how credibility, trust, and authority are organised under spatial, socio-economic, and institutional disadvantage. The argument is illustrated through (...)

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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Governing Big Science: Democracy vs. Consensus for Epistemic Justice.Saakshi Dulani - forthcoming - Philosophy of Science.

The internal dynamics of science collaborations raises important philosophical questions about the role of governance in knowledge production. For this paper, I’m investigating the following question. How does a Big Science collaboration's governance model influence epistemic and normative outcomes for the members involved? First, I will argue that the governance models of transnational physics collaborations combine democratic and consensus-oriented practices, which are in tension with each other. Second, I will pay attention to how democratic and consensus-oriented practices are correlated with (...)

Feminist Philosophy of Science in General Philosophy of Science

Scientific Practice in General Philosophy of Science

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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Performative prediction in large language models.Mykhaylo Bogachov - manuscript

This paper extends the notion of performative prediction, or the capacity of models to influence the phenomena they predict, to large language models (LLMs). I argue that LLMs necessarily influence what and how humans write and speak, and that their performance depends on this influence. While certain LLM outputs can be verified formally or against ground truth, most are evaluated against common human practice. For such cases, I propose an interpretation of LLMs as predictive role-players, where LLM outputs are approximations (...)

Behaviorism, Misc in Philosophy of Mind

Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

Intervention in Social and Political Philosophy

Large Language Models in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

Machine Learning in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

Models and Explanation in General Philosophy of Science

Prediction in Science in General Philosophy of Science

Scientific Representation in General Philosophy of Science

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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China, Europe and The Frontier's Paradox: Why Institutionalising the Recognition of Capability Can Become an Epistemic Trap.P. Kahl - 2026 - Lex Et Ratio.

Around the end of the first millennium China was, on many measures, the most technically accomplished society in the world; sustained, mechanised growth began some six centuries later in Britain. This article does not try to explain that reversal — the Needham Question — but uses it to isolate a mechanism the economic-history literature sets aside. Evaluative institutions do not merely recognise a distribution of capability that exists independently of them; where recognition is strongly coupled across otherwise distinct reward domains, (...)

Governance and Artificial Intelligence in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

Philosophy of Technology, Misc in Philosophy of Computing and Information

Science and Values in General Philosophy of Science

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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The Micro–Macro Intertextuality of Academic Impact:A Philosophical Model for the Historical Significance of Research Papers.Sulin Zhang - manuscript

Standard metrics—citations, downloads, altmetrics—dominate how scholarly impact is measured, but they compress a complex set of epistemic processes into single numbers. This essay proposes a philosophical reframing: academic impact should be theorized as an emergent property of a complex system whose elementary events are micro-scale interpretive acts (reads, downloads, notes, pedagogical uses) and whose macro-scale expression is the sedimented language, problems, and conceptual practices of a discipline. I call this reframing the micro–macro intertextuality view. The central claim is that a (...)

Emergence in Metaphysics

Philosophy of Sociology in Philosophy of Social Science

Science and Values in General Philosophy of Science

Scientific Change in General Philosophy of Science

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

Sociology of Science in General Philosophy of Science

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Emotional Privacy: A philosophical investigation of emotion recognition technology.Alexandra Prégent - 2026 - Dissertation, Leiden University

In recent years artificial intelligence has moved decisively into the domain of affect. Technological breakthroughs, together with commercial enthusiasm and political interest, have accelerated this expansion. Affective monitoring cameras are now present in public spaces. Emotion sensitive tutoring systems are being introduced in classrooms. Workplaces experiment with analytics that track employees’ positivity (or lack thereof). And border control authorities explore systems that allegedly detect deception through micro-expressions. Although many of these systems are scientifically contested and face significant technical limitations, emotion (...)

Applied Ethics, Miscellaneous in Applied Ethics

Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Philosophy of Cognitive Science

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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Vaccination and Russian Roulette.Sven Bernecker - 2026 - In Sven Bernecker & Tom Sorrell, The Ethics and Epistemology of Vaccine Hesitancy. London: Routledge. pp. 35-53.

If one can justifiably believe, based solely on the probability of infection and side effects, that vaccination will either protect against a contagious disease or result in a serious adverse reaction, then one can likewise believe, based solely on the odds, that a ticket in a fair lottery will either win or lose. Advocates of vaccination compare vaccine refusal or delay to a risky game of chance, such as Russian roulette. Conversely, skeptics compare vaccine acceptance to it. This paper puts (...)

Probabilistic Reasoning in Philosophy of Probability

Risk in Philosophy of Action

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

Trust in Normative Ethics

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Liberatory Planetary Politics: The Zoetic Entanglement Framework for Transitioning from Governance to Praxis.Matthew LaVine & Claudia J. Ford - forthcoming - In Daniel Deudney, Stefan Pedersen & Christine Winter, Debating Planetary Politics. London: Routledge.

In this essay, environmental philosophy and critical race theory are utilized in an examination of planetary politics, viewed as a liberatory progression away from global governance. We encourage a new praxis based on a radical framework for reimagining just relationships between and among humans, more-than-humans, and the Earth. This approach to planetary politics is framed in terms of two key principles: first, the disassembling of white supremacy and its belief systems that are the foundations of environmental dysfunction, and second, a (...)

Critical Race Theory in Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality

Environmental Ethics in Applied Ethics

Global Justice in Social and Political Philosophy

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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A Constructive Condorcet Jury Theorem.Eleonora Cresto - forthcoming - Episteme:1-20.

There is a well-established research program that relies on the Condorcet Jury Theorem (CJT) to justify democracy and majority voting from an epistemic perspective. This paper explores how the CJT can be extended beyond its standard epistemic interpretation. I propose a version of the CJT that does not presuppose the existence of an objective fact of the matter (or moral fact) on which group members must vote; I call it the “Constructive CJT.” This constructive version of the CJT is designed (...)

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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World-Formation Research: An Operatoric Research Programme for the Study of Non-Closure, Knowledge, and the Conditions of Further Knowledge.Timothy Speed - manuscript

Science has highly developed procedures for distinguishing, naming, measuring, modelling, and transforming reality into stable forms. Far less developed are procedures for investigating how precisely these successful stabilizations alter the conditions under which further knowledge, other forms of existence, and future world-formation remain possible at all. This paper proposes World-Formation Research as the designation for a transdisciplinary operatoric research programme that begins at this gap. -/- Its point of departure is the assumption of a fundamental non-closure of world. Non-closure refers (...)

Epistemic Normativity in Epistemology

Epistemological Sources in Epistemology

Epistemological Theories in Epistemology

Knowledge in Epistemology

Ontology in Metaphysics

Self-Knowledge in Philosophy of Mind

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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Latin American Perspectives for Political Philosophy of Science.Martín Barra-Acuña - manuscript

Over the last three decades, philosophy of science has increasingly examined the social, political, and economic dimensions of scientific practice. Yet Latin American perspectives remain comparatively underrepresented in debates largely developed within Global North contexts. -/- Bringing together contributions from the Latin American philosophy of science community, this edited collection examines how the region’s distinctive historical, territorial, institutional, and epistemic conditions generate philosophical problems that can enrich international debates in Political Philosophy of Science. -/- Three interconnected themes organise the collection: (...)

Indigenous Philosophy of the Americas in Philosophy of the Americas

Latin American Philosophy of Science, Logic, and Mathematics in Philosophy of the Americas

Science and Values in General Philosophy of Science

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Las dimensiones sociales del conocimiento científico.Helen Longino - 2026 - Revista de Filosofía Homónima 1 (2):137-173. Translated by Martín Barra-Acuña.

Science and Values in General Philosophy of Science

Social Epistemology in Epistemology

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THE OCCUPATION OPERATOR: Substrate Independence, the Partition Theorem, and Why a Virtue Detector Must Stay Out of the Loop.José Caetano de Mattos - manuscript

Abstract Four papers of this programme — on metrics, reward models, constitutions, and schools — reached the same prohibition without noticing they agreed: a virtue detector must never enter the loop that acts on the measured. This paper states the object they were touching from four sides. An agent originates an act. Someone outside takes the origination. The form survives; the possessor changes. Two properties — does the act leave something worth taking, is being seen doing it worth something — (...) fix which of three residues remains: the act redirected, the act hollowed, or the act gone. The partition turns out to be analytic. It sorts every case because it was built to, so sorting cases proves nothing — a form of support this programme has offered five times and now withdraws. What survives is sharper. A detector given a consequence becomes an appropriable output, so the residue relocates to a channel the detector cannot see, and the destination is computable in advance. Each channel is invisible to the audits built for the others: fix your Goodhart problem and you have lost sight of two thirds of the space. The boundary is stated too. No audience, no display value, no Ceremony, no transfer — quantum measurement sits just outside, and taking it inside would mean importing a counterexample as a confirmation. The selection rule has been used five times and never tested against an outcome nobody knew. Six instruments are coded, the codings are fixed, the date is 1 September 2028. A year spent finding out what this programme does not own, now turned on the one structure that survived. It is smaller than advertised, and it has never been at risk. It is at risk now. -/- Keywords: occupation; Inversion Theorem; Capture Law; appropriability; display value; Goodhart’s law; institutional decoupling; multitasking; substrate independence; instantiation condition; underdetermination; mutual information; reward models; audit; virtue detection; ALGUILAS -/- **The Operator in Plain Language** Nothing here is argued; §2 to §8 argue it. This is the same content for a reader who wants the shape before the machinery. The situation. You do something worth doing. Somebody outside you has an interest in your doing it, and can see enough of it to have an opinion. That is all the operator needs — an interest and a view. It does not need malice, and it does not need a person: an unattended metric with nobody behind it produces the same result as a tyrant, which is one of the more disquieting things the theory says. What happens. The shape of what you do survives. What you do continues to look exactly like the thing it was. What changes is whose it is — the reason it happens moves from you to them. That is the whole of the operator, and the reason it is hard to see is that the visible part is unchanged. Where it goes. Two questions settle it, and you can ask them about anything. Does what you do leave something behind that they can take and still want? An hour logged, a document filed, a number returned. If yes, then what you do bends toward producing that thing well — Redirection. The activity is still happening, energetically, and it is now aimed at them. This is Goodhart’s law, and it is the failure everyone knows about. If not — is being seen doing it worth something to them? The assembly, the pledge, the signed commitment, the poster in the corridor. If yes, the performance becomes the product and there is nothing behind it — Ceremony. Nobody is cheating here, which is why anti-gaming measures find nothing: the appearance is not concealing the substance, it has replaced it. If neither? Then nobody has a reason to touch it and it simply stops — Withdrawal. The restraint that produces no record, the attention nobody counts, the refusal that leaves no trace. This failure is invisible by construction, because the evidence of the activity and the activity leave together. Why detectors make it worse. Build something to catch one of the three, then attach a consequence to what it reports — a bonus, a gate, a training signal, a published table. Your detector’s output is now itself a thing you produce and they take, which is the first question above, answered yes. So the activity bends toward satisfying the detector, the detector reports clean, and the occupation has moved to a channel the detector was never built to see. This is not a caution about doing it badly. There is no careful version. Any consequence at all is enough, because the operator does not distinguish a training gradient from a bonus from a league table. And the three hide from each other. Anything built to catch Redirection looks for anomalies — clustering at thresholds, distortion around the target. Ceremony produces none: nothing is being gamed, and the data is beautifully clean. Anything built to catch Ceremony looks for a gap between claim and reality. Redirection has no such gap; the redirected work really does produce what is measured. Anything built to catch Withdrawal looks for absence, and both the others produce presence. So an institution that has fixed its metrics problem has fixed one third of the space and has just lost the ability to see the other two. The rule. Measure to understand. Never measure to decide. The moment a virtue score determines anything, it has joined the thing it was built to watch. (shrink)

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What Post-Truth Politics Does to the Belief-Desire Model.Frank Chouraqui - 2026 - Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour 56 (2).

This paper argues that if the wildly popular expression ‘post‐truth politics’ means anything, it describes a political situation inwhich political speech elicits support from its audience without the public believing it to be true or not (Section 2). As a result,the phenomenon of post‐truth (PT), if there is such a thing at all, forces us to move our account of political action away from thestandard belief‐desire model (BDM) (Section 3). I offer an alternative where attention replaces belief in Section 4.

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Everyday Reality Under Construction: Neuroconstructivism and the Hidden Labor of Everyday Experience.Tenzin C. Trepp - manuscript

Ordinary experience appears effortless, immediate, and self-evident. This paper argues that this appearance conceals continuous cognitive work. Drawing on neuroconstructivism, predictive processing, and cognitive constructivism, it proposes that mundane situations depend on the ongoing construction, updating, synchronization, and maintenance of a multi-level world-model. The claim is not that mind-independent reality is cognitively constructed; rather, organisms construct usable models of that reality under persistent bodily, environmental, and social constraints. Analyses of a familiar café, street crossing, and casual conversation show how perceptual (...)

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