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克

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 剋
克 U+514B, 克
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-514B
← 兊
[U+514A]
CJK Unified Ideographs 兌 →
[U+514C]

Translingual

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Han character

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Stroke order
7 strokes

克 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+5, 7 strokes, Cangjie input 十口竹山 (JRHU), four-corner 40216, composition ⿱古儿 or ⿱十兄)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 124, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1355
  • Dae Jaweon: page 263, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 269, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+514B

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 克
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Origin uncertain. Oracle bone and bronze forms consist of 由 (or simply 口) over a sideways-standing basin (see also 般).

The sideways basin may signify overturning, extending to mean "to change"—representing the word 革 (OC *kˤrək).

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
克
"gram"
Short for 克蘭姆/克兰姆, from French gramme.
Tibetan measuring vessel, Tibetan volume unit, Tibetan area unit
From Tibetan ཁལ (khal).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 克
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 德 (131)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 苦得切
Baxter khok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰək̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰək̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰək̚/
Li
Rong
/kʰək̚/
Wang
Li
/kʰək̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/kʰək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ke
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 克
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
kè
Middle
Chinese
‹ khok ›
Old
Chinese
/*kʰˁək/
English carry; able; dominate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 克
Reading # 1/1
No. 7480
Phonetic
component
克
Rime
group
職
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
刻
Old
Chinese
/*kʰɯːɡ/
Notes 甲金文象人首頂物回手叉腰示勝任,
轉註爲勊

Definitions

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克

  1. (literary) to be able to
    克勤克儉/克勤克俭  ―  kèqínkèjiǎn  ―  hardworking and thrifty
  2. to defeat; to vanquish; to conquer
    Synonyms: 剋, 戰勝 / 战胜 (zhànshèng)
    克敵/克敌  ―  kèdí  ―  to defeat the enemy
  3. to subdue; to restrain
    克制  ―  kèzhì  ―  to restrain
  4. to digest
    克食  ―  kèshí  ―  to aid digestion
  5. to set (a time limit)
    克日  ―  kèrì  ―  to set a date
  6. (dialectal) Pronunciation spelling of 去.
    滾出克/滚出克  ―  gǔn chūkè  ―  to go away
  7. gram (g)
    1市兩等於50克。/1市两等于50克。  ―  1 shìliǎng děngyú 50 kè.  ―  1 market tael is equivalent to 50 grams.
  8. a Tibetan unit of volume or dry measure
  9. a Tibetan unit of land area
  10. Used in transcription.
    克羅地亞/克罗地亚  ―  Kèluódìyà  ―  Croatia
    法蘭克福/法兰克福  ―  Fǎlánkèfú  ―  Frankfurt
    烏孜別克族/乌孜别克族  ―  Wūzībiékèzú  ―  Uzbek
    傑克/杰克  ―  Jiékè  ―  Jack
    馬克思/马克思  ―  Mǎkèsī  ―  Marx
    錫克/锡克  ―  xīkè  ―  sikh
    羅曼蒂克/罗曼蒂克  ―  luómàndìkè  ―  romantic
    夾克/夹克  ―  jiākè  ―  jacket
    馬賽克/马赛克 [Shanghainese]  ―  6mo-se5-kheq7 [Wugniu]  ―  mosaic
    巧克力 [Shanghainese]  ―  1chiau-kheq7-liq8 [Wugniu]  ―  chocolate
Synonyms
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See also
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Usage notes
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It is commonly used to transcribe the /k/ sound in words of foreign languages not immediately followed by a vowel, e.g. 傑克/杰克 (Jiékè, “Jack”), 法蘭克福/法兰克福 (Fǎlánkèfú, “Frankfurt”), 克羅地亞/克罗地亚 (Kèluódìyà, “Croatia”), etc.

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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克 (Hokkien)

  1. to bear; to endure
  2. alternative form of 𣁳 (khat)

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of 克 – see 剋 (“to counteract; to work against; to conflict; etc.”).
(This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 剋).
Notes:

Japanese

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Kanji

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克

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. to overcome, to subdue (addiction, disease)
  2. to restrain (oneself)

Readings

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  • Go-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
  • Kun: かつ (katsu, 克つ)、よく (yoku, 克く)、よい (yoi)

Compounds

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Korean

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Hanja

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克 (eumhun 이길 극 (igil geuk))

  1. hanja form? of 극 (“to win; to beat; able; competent”)

Middle Mongol

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Etymology

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Han script spelling of ᠬᠡᠢ (kei).

Noun

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克 (kè /kei/)

  1. wind

References

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  • Haenisch, Erich (1939), Wörterbuch zu Mangḥol un Niuca Tobca’an (Yüan-Ch‘ao Pi-Shi) geheime Geschichte der Mongolen [Dictionary of the Secret History of the Mongols] (in German), Leipzig: Otto Harrassowitz, page 97

Vietnamese

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Han character

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克: Hán Nôm readings: khắc

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.