ਜਹਾਨ

Punjabi

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gáyHas

Proto-Iranian *gáyHah

Proto-Iranian *-θaH

Proto-Iranian *gayHθáH

Old Persian *gaiθā

Old Persian *gaiθānām

Middle Persian [script needed] (gyhʾn' /⁠gēhān⁠/)

Classical Persian جهان (jahān)bor.

Punjabi ਜਹਾਨ

Borrowed from Classical Persian جهان (jahān). First attested as Old Punjabi ਜਹਾਨੁ (jahānu).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Punjabi) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒə.ɦäːn/, [d͡ʒə.ˈɦä̃ːn(ə̆)]

Noun

ਜਹਾਨ • (jahān) m (Shahmukhi spelling جہان)

1. world, earth
2. cosmos, universe
3. mankind, human race, humanity

Declension

Declension of ਜਹਾਨ

	singular	plural
direct	ਜਹਾਨ (jahān)	ਜਹਾਨ (jahān)
oblique	ਜਹਾਨ (jahān)	ਜਹਾਨਾਂ (jahānā̃)
vocative	ਜਹਾਨਾ (jahānā)	ਜਹਾਨੋ (jahāno)
ablative	ਜਹਾਨੋਂ (jahānõ)	—
locative	ਜਹਾਨੇ (jahāne)	ਜਹਾਨੀਂ (jahānī̃)
instrumental	ਜਹਾਨੇ (jahāne)	ਜਹਾਨੀਂ (jahānī̃)

References

• Christopher Shackle (2011), “ਜਹਾਨੁ”, in A Gurū Nānak Glossary, 2^nd edition, New Delhi: Heritage Publishers, →ISBN, page 117
• Singh, Bhai Maya (1895), “ਜਹਾਨ”, in The Panjabi Dictionary, Lahore: Munshi Gulab Singh and Sons.
• “ਜਹਾਨ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2026