جهان

Azerbaijani

Noun

جهان

1. Arabic spelling of cəhan

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gáyHas

Proto-Iranian *gáyHah

Proto-Iranian *-θaH

Proto-Iranian *gayHθáH

Old Persian *gaiθā

Old Persian *gaiθānām

Middle Persian [script needed] (gyhʾn' /⁠gēhān⁠/)

Classical Persian جهان (jahān)bor.

Ottoman Turkish جهان

Borrowed from Classical Persian جهان (jahān).

Noun

جهان • (cihan)

1. world
   • 16th ce., Kânûnî Sultan Süleyman, Muhibbi:

     خلق ایچره معتبر بر نسنه یوق دولت كبی. اولمیه دولت جهاندہ بر نفس صحت كبی

     Halk içre muʿteber bir nesne yok devlet gibî. Olmaya devlet cihânda bir nefes sıhhat gibî.

     Among people, nothing is respected like prosperity; yet in this world , no prosperity is worth a single breath of health

2. universe

Related terms

• جهان‌نما (cihan-numa)

Descendants

• Turkish: cihan

Proper noun

جهان • (cihan)

1. a male given name, Jahan, from Persian

Descendants

• Turkish: Cihan

Persian

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gáyHas

Proto-Iranian *gáyHah

Proto-Iranian *-θaH

Proto-Iranian *gayHθáH

Old Persian *gaiθā

Old Persian *gaiθānām

Middle Persian [script needed] (gyhʾn' /⁠gēhān⁠/)

Persian جهان

Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (gyhʾn' /⁠gēhān⁠/, “worldly creatures; world”), from Old Persian *gaiθānām genitive plural of *gaiθā, from Proto-Iranian *gayθaH (“life, means of subsistence”). Equivalent to [Book Pahlavi needed] (gyẖ /⁠gēh⁠/) +‎ [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾn /⁠-ān⁠/). Doublet of کیهان (kayhān).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒa.ˈhaːn/, /d͡ʒi.ˈhaːn/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.ɦɑ́ːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.ɦɑ́ːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɑːɑ́ːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒɔːɔ́ːn]

 

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒæ.ɦɒ́ːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒæ.ɦɒ́ːn]
  • (Tehrani) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒæʔ.huːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒä.ɦɔ́n]

• Rhymes: -aːn

Readings
Classical reading?	jahān, jihān
Dari reading?	jahān
Iranian reading?	jahân
Tajik reading?	jahon

Noun

جهان • (jahān / jahân) (plural جهان‌ها (jahān-hā / jahân-hâ), Tajik spelling ҷаҳон)

2. world, universe

   Synonyms: دنیا (donyâ), گیتی (giti), عالم (âlam)

   جَهانِ آزَاد ― jahān-i āzād / jahân-e âzâd ― the free world

   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 161:

     تا که نبض از نام کی گردد جهان
     او بود مقصود جانش در جهان

     tā ki nabz az nām-i kay gardad jihān
     ō buwad maqsūd-i jān-aš dar jahān

     […] so that at whosoever's name her pulse should begin to throb, [he might know that] that person is the object of her soul's desire in the world.

Alternative forms

• گیهان (gayhān) (archaic)

Derived terms

• جهانِ سوم (jahân-e sevvom)
• جهانگرد (jahângard)
• جهانگیر (jahân-gir)
• جهانی (jahâni)
• جهان‌آرا (jahân-ârâ)
• جهان‌آفرین (jahân-âfarin)
• جهان‌بخش (jahân-baxš)
• جهان‌بین (jahân-bin)
• جهان‌دار (jahân-dâr)
• جهان‌دیده (jahân-dide)
• جهان‌شُمول (jahân-šomul)
• جهان‌نما (jahân-namâ)
• جهان‌وطن (jahân-vatan)
• جهان‌پهلوان (jahân-pahlavân)
• جهان‌گشا (jahân-gošâ)
• پا به جهان گذاشتن (pâ be jahân gozâštan)

Descendants

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: cahan
• → Armenian: ջիհան (ǰihan)
• → Bashkir: йыһан (yıhan)
• → Bengali: জাহান (jahan)
• → Gujarati: જહાન (jahān)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: जहान (jahān), जहाँ (jahā̃) — poetic, combining form

  Urdu: جہان (jahān), جہاں (jahā̃) — poetic, combining form

• → Kazakh: жаһан (jahan)
• → Malay: johan
  • Indonesian: johan
• → Ottoman Turkish: جهان (cihân)
  • Turkish: cihan
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਜਹਾਨ (jahān)

  Shahmukhi script: جہان (jahān)

• → Rohingya: jáhan
• → Turkmen: jahan, älem-jahan
• → Uzbek: jahon
• → Uyghur: جاھان (jahan)

Proper noun

جهان • (jahân)

2. a male or female given name, Jahan

Descendants

• → Armenian: Ջիհան (J̌ihan), Ջահան (J̌ahan), Ջհան (J̌han)
• → Malay: johan
  • Indonesian: johan
• → Ottoman Turkish: جهان (Cihan)
  • Turkish: Cihan
• → Russian: Джаха́н (Džaxán) (via Turkic)

Etymology 2

From جه (jeh, present stem of جستن (jastan, “to leap”)) +‎ ـان (-ân).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒi.ˈhaːn/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒe̞.ɦɑ́ːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒe̞.ɦɑ́ːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒi.jɑ́ːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒi.jɔ́ːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒe.ɦɒ́ːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [d͡ʒi.ɦɔ́n]

• Rhymes: -aːn

Readings
Classical reading?	jihān
Dari reading?	jehān
Iranian reading?	jehân
Tajik reading?	jihon

Adjective

جهان • (jehân)

2. leaping, bounding
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 161:

     تا که نبض از نام کی گردد جهان
     او بود مقصود جانش در جهان

     tā ki nabz az nām-i kay gardad jihān
     ō buwad maqsūd-i jān-aš dar jahān

     […] so that at whosoever's name her pulse should begin to throb, [he might know that] that person is the object of her soul's desire in the world.