संसार

See also: ससुर and सासरा

Hindi

Etymology

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀲𑀁𑀲𑀸𑀭 (saṃsāra), from Sanskrit संसार (saṃsāra).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /sən.sɑːɾ/, [sɐ̃n.säːɾ], /səŋ.sɑːɾ/, [sɐ̃ŋ.säːɾ]

Noun

संसार • (sansār) m (Urdu spelling سنسار)

1. world; mortal world

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:संसार

   यह संसार केवल एक माया है।

   yah sansār keval ek māyā hai.

   The world is but an illusion.

Declension

Declension of संसार (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	संसार sansār	संसार sansār
oblique	संसार sansār	संसारों sansārõ
vocative	संसार sansār	संसारो sansāro

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “संसार”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Platts, John T. (1884), “संसार”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

Marathi

Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘭𑘽𑘭𑘰𑘨 (saṃsāra), from Prakrit 𑀲𑀁𑀲𑀸𑀭 (saṃsāra), from Sanskrit संसार (saṃsāra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /səu.saɾ/

Noun

संसार • (sausār) m

1. world; mortal world

   Synonyms: जग (jag) ( most common), विश्व (viśva), दुनिया (duniyā)

2. domestic affairs (life and it's responsibilities)

Declension

Declension of संसार (masc cons-stem)

	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	संसार sausār	संसार sausār
oblique सामान्यरूप	संसारा sausārā	संसारां- sausārā̃-
accusative / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	संसाराला sausārālā	संसारांना sausārānnā
ergative	संसाराने, संसारानं sausārāne, sausārāna	संसारांनी sausārānnī
instrumental	संसाराशी sausārāśī	संसारांशी sausārāuśī
locative सप्तमी	संसारात sausārāt	संसारांत sausārānta
vocative संबोधन	संसारा sausārā	संसारांनो sausārānno

Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions.
There is no space between the stem and the postposition.
Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of संसार (masc cons-stem)

	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	संसाराचा sausārācā	संसाराचे sausārāce	संसाराची sausārācī	संसाराच्या sausārācyā	संसाराचे, संसाराचं sausārāce, sausārāca	संसाराची sausārācī	संसाराच्या sausārācyā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	संसारांचा sausārāñcā	संसारांचे sausārāñce	संसारांची sausārāñcī	संसारांच्या sausārāñcyā	संसारांचे, संसारांचं sausārāñce, sausārāñca	संसारांची sausārāñcī	संसारांच्या sausārāñcyā

^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a).
Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “संसार”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911), “संसार”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
• Shankar Gopal Tulpule; Anne Feldhaus (1999), “संसार”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• saṃsāra (Latin script)
• 𑀲𑀁𑀲𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• সংসার (Bengali script)
• සංසාර (Sinhalese script)
• သံသာရ or သံသႃရ (Burmese script)
• สํสาร or สังสาระ (Thai script)
• ᩈᩴᩈᩣᩁ (Tai Tham script)
• ສໍສາຣ or ສັງສາຣະ (Lao script)
• សំសារ (Khmer script)
• 𑄥𑄁𑄥𑄂𑄢 (Chakma script)

Noun

संसार m

1. Devanagari script form of saṃsāra (“transmigration”)

Declension

Declension table of "संसार" (masculine)

Case / Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	संसारो (saṃsāro)	संसारा (saṃsārā)
Accusative (second)	संसारं (saṃsāraṃ)	संसारे (saṃsāre)
Instrumental (third)	संसारेन (saṃsārena)	संसारेहि (saṃsārehi) or संसारेभि (saṃsārebhi)
Dative (fourth)	संसारस्स (saṃsārassa) or संसाराय (saṃsārāya) or संसारत्थं (saṃsāratthaṃ)	संसारानं (saṃsārānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	संसारस्मा (saṃsārasmā) or संसारम्हा (saṃsāramhā) or संसारा (saṃsārā)	संसारेहि (saṃsārehi) or संसारेभि (saṃsārebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	संसारस्स (saṃsārassa)	संसारानं (saṃsārānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	संसारस्मिं (saṃsārasmiṃ) or संसारम्हि (saṃsāramhi) or संसारे (saṃsāre)	संसारेसु (saṃsāresu)
Vocative (calling)	संसार (saṃsāra)	संसारा (saṃsārā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• সংসাৰ (Assamese script)
• ᬲᬂᬲᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
• সংসার (Bengali script)
• 𑰭𑰽𑰭𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀲𑀁𑀲𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• သံသာရ (Burmese script)
• સંસાર (Gujarati script)
• ਸਂਸਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌸𑌂𑌸𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
• ꦱꦁꦱꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
• 𑂮𑂁𑂮𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
• ಸಂಸಾರ (Kannada script)
• សំសារ (Khmer script)
• ສໍສາຣ (Lao script)
• സംസാര (Malayalam script)
• ᢀ᠋ᠰ᠌ᠠᠰ᠌ᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘭𑘽𑘭𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
• ᢀ᠋ᠰᠠᠰᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧍𑧞𑧍𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐳𑑄𑐳𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
• ସଂସାର (Odia script)
• ꢱꢀꢱꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆱𑆁𑆱𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
• 𑖭𑖽𑖭𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
• සංසාර (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪁𑪖𑪁𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚨𑚫𑚨𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
• ஸஂஸார (Tamil script)
• సంసార (Telugu script)
• สํสาร (Thai script)
• སཾ་སཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
• 𑒮𑓀𑒮𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨰𑨸𑨰𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root संसृ (saṃsṛ, “to wander; to undergo transmigration”) +‎ -अ (-a).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /sɐ̃.sɑː.ɾɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /s̪ɐ̃.s̪ɑː.ɾɐ/

Noun

संसार • (saṃsāra) stem, m

1. going or wandering through, undergoing transmigration; samsara
2. course, passage, passing through a succession of states, circuit of mundane existence, transmigration, metempsychosis
3. the world, secular life, worldly illusion

   आ संसारात् ― ā saṃsārāt ― from the beginning of the world

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of संसार

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	संसारः (saṃsāraḥ)	संसारौ (saṃsārau) संसारा¹ (saṃsārā¹)	संसाराः (saṃsārāḥ) संसारासः¹ (saṃsārāsaḥ¹)
accusative	संसारम् (saṃsāram)	संसारौ (saṃsārau) संसारा¹ (saṃsārā¹)	संसारान् (saṃsārān)
instrumental	संसारेण (saṃsāreṇa)	संसाराभ्याम् (saṃsārābhyām)	संसारैः (saṃsāraiḥ) संसारेभिः¹ (saṃsārebhiḥ¹)
dative	संसाराय (saṃsārāya)	संसाराभ्याम् (saṃsārābhyām)	संसारेभ्यः (saṃsārebhyaḥ)
ablative	संसारात् (saṃsārāt)	संसाराभ्याम् (saṃsārābhyām)	संसारेभ्यः (saṃsārebhyaḥ)
genitive	संसारस्य (saṃsārasya)	संसारयोः (saṃsārayoḥ)	संसाराणाम् (saṃsārāṇām)
locative	संसारे (saṃsāre)	संसारयोः (saṃsārayoḥ)	संसारेषु (saṃsāreṣu)
vocative	संसार (saṃsāra)	संसारौ (saṃsārau) संसारा¹ (saṃsārā¹)	संसाराः (saṃsārāḥ) संसारासः¹ (saṃsārāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Pali: saṃsāra
  • → Thai: สงสาร (sǒng-sǎan)
• Prakrit: 𑀲𑀁𑀲𑀸𑀭 (saṃsāra)
  • Central:
    • Old Hindi: संसार (saṃsāra)
      • Hindi: संसार (sansār)
      • Urdu: سنسار (sansār)
• → English: samsara
• → Bengali: সংসার (śoṅśar)
• → Kannada: ಸಂಸಾರ (saṃsāra)
• → Khmer: សង្សារ (sɑngsaa)
• → Lao: ສົງສານ (song sān)
• → Lü: ᦉᦳᧂᦉᦱᧃ (ṡungṡaan)
• → Malay: sengsara
  • → Indonesian: sengsara
• → Malayalam: സംസാരം (saṁsāraṁ)
• → Middle Mongol: ꡛꡃ
  ꡛꡘ (sŋ-sr /⁠saŋsar⁠/)
  • Classical Mongolian: ᠰᠠᠨᠰᠠᠷ (sansar)
    • Mongolian: сансар (sansar)
• → Old Javanese: saṅsāra
  • > Javanese: ꦱꦁꦱꦫ (sangsara) (inherited)
• → Old Marathi: 𑘭𑘽𑘭𑘰𑘨 (saṃsāra)
  • Marathi: संसार (sausār)
• → Old Uyghur: 𐽻𐽰𐽺𐽻𐽰𐽾 (sʾnsʾr /⁠sansar⁠/)
• → Polish: samsara
• → Russian: самса́ра (samsára)
• → Serbo-Croatian: samsàra/самса̀ра
• → Tamil: சம்சாரம் (camcāram)
• → Telugu: సంసారము (saṁsāramu)
• → Tocharian B: saṃsār

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “संसार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1119, column 2.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “saṁsāra”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 754
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2026), “saṃsāra”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.