ber

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ber"

Languages (38)

Translingual • English

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Akan • Albanian • Cimbrian • Czech • Elfdalian • Faroese • French • Icelandic • Latvian • Middle English • Middle High German • Middle Welsh • Mirandese • Mizo • Mòcheno • Namuyi • North Frisian • Northern Kurdish • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old Czech • Old English • Old French • Old Irish • Old Norse • Old Polish • Polabian • Polish • Serbo-Croatian • Swedish • Tatar • Volapük • Welsh • Yola • Zaghawa • Zazaki

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Page categories

Translingual

Symbol

ber

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-5 language code for Berber languages.

English

Alternative forms

• bair, bear, bér, bèr, bër, bher, bir

Etymology

Etymology tree

Old Hindi बेर (bera)

Hindi बेर (ber)bor.

English ber

Borrowed from Hindi बेर (ber).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: bâr, IPA^(key): /bɛə(ɹ)/
• (India) enPR: bâr, IPA^(key): [beːɾ]

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛə(ɹ)

Noun

ber (plural bers)

1. A fruit-bearing tree (Ziziphus mauritiana); Indian jujube.

See also

• ber month

References

• ber listed in the Oxford English Dictionary [2nd ed., 1989] (paywall)

Anagrams

• 'erb, BrE, Bre, Erb, REB, Reb, reb

Akan

Alternative forms

• bere (Akuapem)
• berɛ (Asante)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

ber (Fante)

1. season

References

• Anane, J. Opoku (2000), “ber”, in Advance Akan Dictionary: Akuapim, Asante and Fante with Names and Meanings (overall work in English), Anwomaso – Kusami, Ghana: Prisebs Business Services, →ISBN, page 352

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *bōr-, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰōrs-, from root *bʰers- (“point, tip bolt”). Cognate to Old Irish barr (“point”).

Noun

ber m (plural berë, definite beri, definite plural berët)

1. bow, arc, arch
2. arrow
3. javelin, lance
4. European whipsnake (Dolichophis jugularis, syn. Coluber jugularis)

Declension

Declension of ber

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ber	beri	berë	berët
accusative		berin
dative	beri	berit	berëve	berëve
ablative			berësh

Derived terms

• beronjë

Related terms

• ylber, bërryl

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

• bèar (Sette Comuni)

Etymology

Inherited from Middle High German wer, from Old High German wer, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hwaz. Cognate with German wer, English who.

Pronoun

ber

1. (Luserna) who

   Bobrall du geast, gedenkhte ber du pist. ― Wherever you go, remember who you are.

References

• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbɛr]
• Rhymes: -ɛr

Verb

ber

1. second-person singular imperative of brát

Anagrams

• erb

Elfdalian

Adjective

ber

1. bare, uncovered

Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Faroese

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Norse ber, from Proto-Germanic *basją, *bazją.

Noun

ber n (genitive singular bers, plural ber)

1. berry

Declension

n22	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ber	berið	ber	berini
accusative	ber	berið	ber	berini
dative	beri	berinum	berjum, berum	berjunum, berunum
genitive	bers	bersins	berja	berjanna

Derived terms

• berjalyngur (“Empetrum”)
• bervísa
• bláber (“Vaccinium”)
• bromber
• einiber
• hindber
• jarðber (“Fragaria”)
• krákuber
• maðkaber
• oljuber
• reyðber
• rossaber (“Rubus”)
• sólber
• stikkulsber (“Ribes uva-crispa”)
• svartber
• tranuber
• vinbláber (“Vaccinium vitis-idaea”)

Related terms

• kirsuber

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

ber

1. inflection of bera:
   1. third-person singular present
   2. second-person singular imperative

French

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French berz, from Vulgar Latin *bertium (“little cradle”), from Gaulish.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛʁ/

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

Noun

ber m (plural bers)

1. (nautical) a cradle that holds a ship before and during its launch

Further reading

• “ber”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpɛːr]
• Rhymes: -ɛːr

Etymology 1

From Old Norse berr, from Proto-Germanic *bazaz.

Adjective

ber (comparative berari, superlative berastur)

1. bare
2. bare, naked
3. uncovered
4. discovered

   Hann varð ber að lygi.

   He was caught lying.

Declension

Positive forms of ber

strong declension (indefinite)	singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
	nominative	ber	ber	bert
	accusative	beran	bera
	dative	berum	berri	beru
	genitive	bers	berrar	bers
	plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
	nominative	berir	berar	ber
	accusative	bera
	dative	berum
	genitive	berra
weak declension (definite)	singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
	nominative	beri	bera	bera
	acc/dat/gen	bera	beru
	plural (all-case)	beru

Comparative forms of ber

weak declension (definite)		masculine	feminine	neuter
	singular (all-case)	berari	berari	berara
	plural (all-case)	berari

Superlative forms of ber

strong declension (indefinite)	singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
	nominative	berastur	berust	berast
	accusative	berastan	berasta
	dative	berustum	berastri	berustu
	genitive	berasts	berastrar	berasts
	plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
	nominative	berastir	berastar	berust
	accusative	berasta
	dative	berustum
	genitive	berastra
weak declension (definite)	singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
	nominative	berasti	berasta	berasta
	acc/dat/gen	berasta	berustu
	plural (all-case)	berustu

Derived terms

• allsber
• berrassaður
• ber er hver að baki, nema sér bróður eigi

Etymology 2

From Old Norse ber, from Proto-Germanic *basją, *bazją.

Noun

ber n (genitive singular bers, nominative plural ber)

1. berry

Declension

Declension of ber (neuter)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ber	berið	ber	berin
accusative	ber	berið	ber	berin
dative	beri	berinu	berjum	berjunum
genitive	bers	bersins	berja	berjanna

Derived terms

• aðalbláber
• bláber
• jarðarber
• kirsuber
• krækiber
• rifsber
• sólber
• steinber

Latvian

Verb

ber

1. inflection of bērt:
   1. second/third-person singular present indicative
   2. third-person plural present indicative
   3. second-person singular imperative
2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of bērt
3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of bērt

Middle English

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old English bēor, from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą.

Alternative forms

• beer, beere, beir, bere
• beyr (Early Scots); beor, bor (Southern, West Midland); beyre (Promptorium Parvulorum)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /beːr/
• IPA^(key): /bøːr/ (Southern, West Midland)

Noun

ber (uncountable)

1. beer (alcoholic beverage made from malted grain, especially flavoured with hops)

Descendants

• English: beer (see there for further descendants)
• Middle Scots: beir, bere, bear, beare, beere (Anglicised)
  • Scots: beer

References

• “bẹ̄r, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
• “beer, n.¹.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford: Oxford University Press, launched 2000.

Etymology 2

Noun

ber

1. (rare) alternative form of bere (“barley”)

Etymology 3

Verb

ber

1. (Northern or Late Middle English) alternative form of beren (“to bear”)

Etymology 4

Verb

ber

1. (Northern or Late Middle English) alternative form of beren (“to sound”)

Middle High German

Alternative forms

• bëre, për

Etymology

Inherited from Old High German bëro.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈbɛr/

Noun

bër m

1. bear

Declension

Declension of bër (weak masculine)

	singular			plural
	indef.	def.	noun	def.	noun
nominative	ein	dër	bër	die	bëren
genitive	eines	dës	bëren	dër	bëren
dative	eime	dëm	bëren	dën	bëren
accusative	einen	dën	bëren	die	bëren

Descendants

• Alemannic German: Bärr
• Cimbrian: per
• Mòcheno: per
• German: Bär
• Rhine Franconian:
  • Hunsrik: Bäer
  • Luxembourgish: Bier
• Vilamovian: baor, bar
• Yiddish: בער (ber)

References

• Benecke, Georg Friedrich; Müller, Wilhelm; Zarncke, Friedrich (1863), “ber”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel.
• Köbler, Gerhard (2014), “ber”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch‎^[2] (in German), 3rd edition

Middle Welsh

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Brythonic *ber, from Proto-Celtic *beru (“spit”).

Noun

ber (plural bereu)

1. spear, lance, pike
2. spit, skewer

Descendants

• Welsh: bêr

Mutation

Mutated forms of ber

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
ber	uer / ver	mer	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Middle Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Mirandese

Etymology

Inherited from Latin vidēre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbeɾ/ [ˈbeɾ]
• Rhymes: -eɾ
• Syllabification: ber

Verb

ber (first-person singular present beio, first-person singular preterite bi, past participle bido or bisto)

1. to see
   • 2013 [1943], Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, chapter I, in Ana Afonso, transl., L Princepico, ASA, translation of Le Petit Prince (in French), →ISBN:

     Quando you tenie seis anhos, bi ua beça ua eimaige mi guapa nun lhibro subre la floresta birge que se chamaba "Stórias Bibidas".

     Once when I was six years old I saw a magnificent picture in a book, called True Stories from Nature, about the primeval forest.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of ber (irregular)

infinitive			ber
gerund			bendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		bido, bisto		bida, bista
		plural		bidos, bistos		bidas, bistas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
personal non-finite		you	tu	el/eilha	nós	bós	eilhes/eilhas
	infinitive	ber	beres	ber	bermos	berdes	béren
indicative		you	tu	el/eilha	nós	bós	eilhes/eilhas
	present	beio	bés	bei	bemos	bedes	béien
	imperfect	bie	bies	bie	biemos	biedes	bien
	preterite	bi	biste	biu	bimos	bistes	bírun
	pluperfect	bira	biras	bira	bíramos	bírades	bíran
	future	berei	berás	berá	beremos	bereis	beran
	conditional	berie	beries	berie	beriemos	beriedes	berien
subjunctive		you	tu	el/eilha	nós	bós	eilhes/eilhas
	present	beia	beias	beia	béiamos	béiades	béian
	imperfect	bisse	bisses	bisse	bíssemos	bíssedes	bíssen
	future	bir	bires	bir	birmos	birdes	bíren
imperative		you	tu	el/eilha	nós	bós	eilhes/eilhas
	affirmative	—	bei	—	—	bede	—

Related terms

• besible (“visible”)
• bison (“vision”)
• bista (“vision, sight”)

References

• Moisés, Pires (2004), “ber”, in Pequeno vocabulário Mirandês-Português [Small Mirandese-Portuguese Vocabulary], 2nd edition, Miranda do Douro: Câmara Municipal de Miranda do Douro, published 2019, →ISBN, page 125.

Mizo

Adverb

ber

1. Marks the superlative degree of an adjective: most

   ‎to (“expensive”) → ‎to ber (“most expensive”)

Further reading

• Lorrain, J. Herbert (1940), “ber”, in Dictionary of the Lushai language, Calcutta: Asiatic Society

Mòcheno

Pronoun

ber

1. unstressed form of biar

References

• “ber” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.

Namuyi

Alternative forms

• bzhe

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bɚ˧]
• Hyphenation: ber

Verb

ber

1. (stative) to be full (of)

References

• Štěpán Pavlík (2017), The Description of Namuzi Language‎^[3], Prague: Charles University (PhD Thesis), page 119

North Frisian

Alternative forms

• bad (Föhr-Amrum)
• bade (Mooring)

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *bidjaną.

Pronunciation

• (Sylt) IPA^(key): [b̥ɛɐ̯]

Verb

ber

1. (Sylt) to ask politely, to beg, request

Conjugation

Conjugation of ber (Sylt dialect)

infinitive I	ber
infinitive II	(tö) beren
past participle	böören
imperative	ber
	present	past
1st singular	ber	buar
2nd singular	berst	buarst
3rd singular	bert	buar
plural / dual	ber	buar
	perfect	pluperfect
1st singular	haa böören	her böören
2nd singular	heest böören	herst böören
3rd singular	heer böören	her böören
plural / dual	haa böören	her böören
	future (skel)	future (wel)
1st singular	skel ber	wel ber
2nd singular	sket ber	wet ber
3rd singular	skel ber	wel ber
plural / dual	skel ber	wel ber

Northern Kurdish

Etymology 1

From the same root as Etymology 2 below.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛɾ/
• Rhymes: -ɛɾ
• Hyphenation: ber

Noun

ber m (Arabic spelling بەر)

1. front, face

   Synonym: pêşî

Declension

Declension of ber

definite masculine gender
case	singular	plural
nominative	ber	ber
construct	berê	berên
oblique	berî	beran
demonstrative oblique	wî berî	wan beran
vocative	bero	berino
indefinite masculine gender
case	singular	plural
nominative	berek	berin
construct	berekî	berine
oblique	berekî	berinan

Etymology 2

Slightly under the influence of Persian بر (“on, over”) (akin to wer (“prefix meaning "around"”)) but from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“front; around”). The change in meaning of this word in Northwest Iranic languages can be seen in Parthian [script needed] (par, “to; at”) also.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛɾ/
• Rhymes: -ɛɾ
• Hyphenation: ber

Preposition

ber (Arabic spelling بەر)

1. (temporal and spatial) before; in front of; toward
2. in, under

Derived terms

• ber avîtin
• ber xwe ketin
• ber xwe kirin
• ber çûyîn

Etymology 3

Likely from Proto-Iranian *varta- (“stone”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛɾ/
• Rhymes: -ɛɾ
• Hyphenation: ber

Noun

ber m (Arabic spelling بەر)

1. stone, rock
   1. particularly a small stone

      Antonym: kevir

2. bullet

Declension

Declension of ber

definite masculine gender
case	singular	plural
nominative	ber	ber
construct	berê	berên
oblique	berî	beran
demonstrative oblique	wî berî	wan beran
vocative	bero	berino
indefinite masculine gender
case	singular	plural
nominative	berek	berin
construct	berekî	berine
oblique	berekî	berinan

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛr/
• Rhymes: -ɛr
• Hyphenation: ber

Noun

ber f (Arabic spelling بەڕ)

1. kilim (type of carpet)

Declension

Declension of ber

definite masculine gender
case	singular	plural
nominative	ber	ber
construct	berê	berên
oblique	berî	beran
demonstrative oblique	wî berî	wan beran
vocative	bero	berino
indefinite masculine gender
case	singular	plural
nominative	berek	berin
construct	berekî	berine
oblique	berekî	berinan

Etymology 5

Compare Persian بر (bar, “fruit”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛɾ/
• Rhymes: -ɛɾ
• Hyphenation: ber

Noun

ber m or f (Arabic spelling بەر)

1. fruit

   Synonyms: êmîş, fîkî, mêwe

2. (figurative) product

Declension

Declension of ber

definite feminine and masculine gender
case	singular		plural
	feminine	masculine
nominative	ber	ber	ber
construct	bera	berê	berên
oblique	berê	berî	beran
demonstrative oblique	wê berê	wî berî	wan beran
vocative	berê	bero	berino
indefinite feminine and masculine gender
case	singular		plural
	feminine	masculine
nominative	berek	berek	berin
construct	bereke	berekî	berine
oblique	berekê	berekî	berinan

Etymology 6

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛˤɾ/
• Rhymes: -ɛʕɾ
• Hyphenation: ber

Noun

be'r f (Arabic spelling بەعر)

1. alternative form of behr (“sea”)

Declension

Declension of ber

definite feminine gender
case	singular	plural
nominative	ber	ber
construct	bera	berên
oblique	berê	beran
demonstrative oblique	wê berê	wan beran
vocative	berê	berino
indefinite feminine gender
case	singular	plural
nominative	berek	berin
construct	bereke	berine
oblique	berekê	berinan

References

• Chyet, Michael L. (2020), “ber I”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 45
• Chyet, Michael L. (2020), “ber II”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 45
• Chyet, Michael L. (2020), “ber III”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 46
• Chyet, Michael L. (2020), “ber̄ IV”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 46
• Chyet, Michael L. (2020), “ber V”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 47
• Chyet, Michael L. (2020), “be‘r VI”, in Ferhenga Birûskî: Kurmanji–English Dictionary (Language Series; 1), volume 1, London: Transnational Press, page 47

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

ber

1. present of be

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Verb

ber

1. present tense of bera
2. imperative of bera

Etymology 2

Verb

ber

1. present tense of be

Anagrams

• bre

Old Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bъrъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈbɛr/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈbɛr/

Noun

ber m inan

1. foxtail millet (Setaria italica)

Declension

Declension of ber (hard o-stem reducible)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ber	bry	bři, brové
genitive	bra, bru	brú	bróv
dative	bru	broma	bróm
accusative	ber	bry	bry
vocative	bře	bry	bři, brové
locative	břě, bru	brú	břiech
instrumental	brem	broma	bry

This table shows the most common forms around the 13th century.

Descendants

• Czech: bér

Further reading

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916), “ber”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Old English

Alternative forms

• bǣr

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-

Proto-Indo-European *-eti

Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti

Proto-Germanic *beraną

Proto-Germanic *bēriz

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Germanic *-ō

Proto-Germanic *bērō

Proto-West Germanic *bāru

Old English bēr

From Proto-West Germanic *bāru, from Proto-Germanic *bērō, whence also Old High German bāra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /beːr/
• Rhymes: -eːr

Noun

bēr f

1. bier; a litter to transport dead people

Declension

Strong ō-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	bēr	bēra, bēre
accusative	bēre	bēra, bēre
genitive	bēre	bēra
dative	bēre	bērum

Descendants

• Middle English: bere, beere, beer
  • Scots: bere, beir
  • English: bier

Old French

Noun

ber m

1. nominative singular of baron

Old Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbʲeɾ/

Verb

·ber

1. first-person singular present subjunctive conjunct of beirid

Mutation

Mutation of ber

radical	lenition	nasalization
ber	ber pronounced with /βʲ-/	mber

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *basją, *bazją, whence also Old English berġe, Old High German beri.

Noun

ber n (genitive plural berja)

1. berry

Declension

Declension of ber (strong ja-stem)

neuter	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	ber	berit	ber	berin
accusative	ber	berit	ber	berin
dative	beri	berinu	berjum	berjunum
genitive	bers	bersins	berja	berjanna

Descendants

• Icelandic: ber
• Faroese: ber
• Norwegian: bær
• Old Swedish: bær
  • Swedish: bär
• Old Danish: bær
  • Danish: bær

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

ber

1. inflection of berr (“bare”):
   1. strong feminine nominative singular
   2. strong neuter nominative/accusative plural

Verb

ber

1. inflection of bera:
   1. first-person singular present indicative active
   2. second-person singular imperative active
2. inflection of berja:
   1. first-person singular present indicative active
   2. second-person singular imperative active

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “ber”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bъrъ. First attested in 1409.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /bɛr/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /bɛr/

Noun

ber m animacy unattested

1. (attested in Greater poland) foxtail millet (Setaria italica)
   • 1900 [1437], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2‎^[4], number 2650:

     Ber iocues, panicus

     [Ber iocues, panicus]

   • 1920 [1409], Marceli Handelsman, Antoni Rybarski, Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editors, Najdawniejsze księgi sądowe mazowieckie, volume I, number 1398, Płońsk:

     Yacom ne popasl Recziboroui poltory copi brw

     [Jakom nie popasł Reciborowi połtory kopy bru]

   • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, Lubiń: inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 95r:

     Panichium est legumen quoddam proprie fenchel ber

     [Panichium est legumen quoddam proprie fenchel ber]

Descendants

• Polish: ber

References

• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “ber”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
• Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “ber”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
• Ewa Deptuchowa, et al., editors (2023), “ber”, in Rozariusze z polskimi glosami. Internetowa baza danych [Dictionaries of Polish glosses, an Internet database] (in Polish), Kraków: Pracownia Języka Staropolskiego Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Polabian

ber

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Low German bâr / bare.

Noun

ber m ?

1. bear

References

• Lehr-Spławiński, T.; Polański, K. (1962), “ber”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich [Etymological Dictionary of the Polabian Drevani Language] (in Polish), number 1 (A – ďüzd), Wrocław; Warszawa etc.: Ossolineum, page 30
• Polański, Kazimierz; James Allen Sehnert (1967), “ber”, in Polabian-English Dictionary, The Hague, Paris: Mouton & Co, page 37
• Olesch, Reinhold (1962), “Báar”, in Thesaurus Linguae Dravaenopolabicae [Thesaurus of the Drevani language] (in German), volumes 1: A – O, Cologne, Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, →ISBN, page 10

Polish

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic *bъrъ

Old Polish ber

Polish ber

Inherited from Old Polish ber.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɛr/

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈbɛr/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛr
• Syllabification: ber

Noun

ber m inan

1. foxtail millet (Setaria italica)

Declension

Declension of ber

	singular	plural
nominative	ber	bery
genitive	beru	berów
dative	berowi	berom
accusative	ber	bery
instrumental	berem	berami
locative	berze	berach
vocative	berze	bery

or

Declension of ber

	singular	plural
nominative	ber	bry
genitive	bru	brów
dative	browi	brom
accusative	ber	bry
instrumental	brem	brami
locative	brze	brach
vocative	brze	bry

Derived terms

adjective

• brzany

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɛr/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛr
• Syllabification: ber

Noun

ber f

1. genitive plural of bera

Further reading

• “ber”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[5] (in Polish)
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, et al., editors (2010-2023), “ber”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Danuta Lankiewicz (22.02.2016), “BER”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “ber”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “ber”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “ber”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 115

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from Albanian berr (“small livestock”).

Noun

ber m anim (Cyrillic spelling бер)

1. (dialectal, Montenegro, Kosovo) A head of small livestock, such as a sheep or goat.

   Synonym: brav

Further reading

• Nailje R. Malja Imami; Marija Popović (2021), “Albanizmi u srpskim i makedonskim govorima”, in Naučne publikacije Državnog univerziteta u Novom Pazaru. Serija B: Društvene & humanističke nauke‎^[6], volume 4, number 2, →DOI, page 88

Swedish

Verb

ber

1. present indicative of be

Anagrams

• bre

Tatar

Tatar cardinal numbers

	1	2  >
Cardinal : ber     Ordinal : berençe

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *bīr (“one”).

Numeral

ber (Cyrillic spelling бер)

1. one

Volapük

Etymology

Borrowed from English bear (Ursidae).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [beɾ]

Noun

ber (genitive bera, plural bers)

1. (male or female) bear (ursid)

Declension

Declension of ber

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ber	bers
Genitive	bera	beras
Dative	bere	beres
Accusative	beri	beris
Predicative1	beru	berus
Vocative	o ber	o bers

1. Introduced in Volapük Nulik.

Derived terms

• berik
• beril
• berül
• blägaber
• braunaber
• gedaber
• hiber
• hiberül
• jiber
• jiberül
• lekevaber
• sigretaber
• sismalaber

Further reading

• “ber”, in Vödabuk (in English, Esperanto, and Volapük)

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛr/
• Rhymes: -ɛr

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “not in GPC”)

Noun

ber f (plural berrau)

1. leg, shank

   Synonyms: coes, esgair, hegl, gomach

Etymology 2

Adjective

1. feminine singular of byr

Mutation

Mutated forms of ber

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
ber	fer	mer	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “ber”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Yola

Alternative forms

• baar

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-

Proto-Indo-European *-eti

Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti

Proto-Germanic *beraną

Proto-West Germanic *beran

Old English beran

Middle English beren

Yola ber

From Middle English beren, from Old English beran, from Proto-West Germanic *beran.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɛr/, /baːr/

Verb

ber

1. to bear, to carry

References

• Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 26

Zaghawa

Pronoun

ber

1. third person singular pronoun

Related terms

• bers third person plural

References

• Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad

Zazaki

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *dwā́r.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ber]
• Hyphenation: ber

Noun

ber m

1. door

Hyponyms

• keyber