Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰéreti
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Thematic root present of *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).
Verb
[edit]*bʰéreti (imperfective)[1]
- to be carrying
Inflection
[edit]| Imperfective, thematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *bʰéreti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *bʰéronti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *bʰéroh₂ | *bʰérom | — | *bʰérōh₂ | *bʰéroyh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *bʰéresi | *bʰéres | *bʰére | *bʰérēsi | *bʰéroys |
| 3rd singular | *bʰéreti | *bʰéret | *bʰéretu | *bʰérēti | *bʰéroyt |
| 1st dual | *bʰérowos | *bʰérowe | — | *bʰérōwos | *bʰéroywe |
| 2nd dual | *bʰéretes | *bʰéretom | *bʰéretom | *bʰérētes | *bʰéroytom |
| 3rd dual | *bʰéretes | *bʰéretām | *bʰéretām | *bʰérētes | *bʰéroytām |
| 1st plural | *bʰéromos | *bʰérome | — | *bʰérōmos | *bʰéroyme |
| 2nd plural | *bʰérete | *bʰérete | *bʰérete | *bʰérēte | *bʰéroyte |
| 3rd plural | *bʰéronti | *bʰéront | *bʰérontu | *bʰérōnti | *bʰéroyh₁n̥t |
| Participle | *bʰéronts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *bʰéroh₂er | *bʰéroh₂e | — | *bʰérōh₂er | *bʰéroyh₂e |
| 2nd singular | *bʰéreth₂er | *bʰéreth₂e | *bʰéreso | *bʰérēth₂er | *bʰéroyth₂e |
| 3rd singular | *bʰéretor | *bʰéreto | *? | *bʰérētor | *bʰéroyto, *bʰéroyh₁o |
| 1st dual | *bʰérowosdʰh₂ | *bʰérowedʰh₂ | — | *bʰérōwosdʰh₂ | *bʰéroywedʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *bʰéromosdʰh₂ | *bʰéromedʰh₂ | — | *bʰérōmosdʰh₂ | *bʰéroymedʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *bʰéredʰh₂we | *bʰéredʰh₂we | *bʰéredʰh₂we | *bʰérēdʰh₂we | *bʰéroydʰh₂we |
| 3rd plural | *bʰérontor | *bʰéronto | *? | *bʰérōntor | *bʰéroyro |
| Participle | *bʰéromnos | ||||
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Albanian: *bera
- ⇒ Proto-Albanian: *dišbera (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Armenian:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bírāˀtei
- Proto-Celtic: *bereti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *beraną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *pʰérō (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Phrygian: αββερετ (abberet, “to bring to”) (=with αδ- (ad-)[2]), βερετ (beret, “to bring”) (if με (me) in με βερετ (me beret) is the prohibitive particle[3]), μεβερετ (meberet, “to bring away”) (if με- (me-) in μεβερετ (meberet) is the ablative prefix[4])
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰárati (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *ferō (see there for further descendants)
- Messapic: beran (“bring!”)[5]
- Proto-Tocharian:
References
[edit]- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)[1], 1st edition, Oxford: University Press, →ISBN
- ^ Šorgo, Aljoša (2026), A historical grammar of Phrygian (PhD thesis)[2], Leiden: Leiden University, , pages 537-538
- ^ Obrador-Cursach, Bartomeu (2020), The Phrygian Language (Handbook of Oriental Studies)[3], volume 139, Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 296
- ^ Šorgo, Aljoša (2026), A historical grammar of Phrygian (PhD thesis)[4], Leiden: Leiden University, , page 548
- ^ Carlos Quiles, Kárlos Kūriákī, Fernando López-Menchero (2011), A Grammar of Modern Indo European[5], Indo-European Language Association, →ISBN, page 104