Help:IPA/Gujarati
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 | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Gujarati on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Gujarati in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Gujarati language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
See Gujarati phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Gujarati.
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Notes
[edit]- 1 2 3 4 The voiced aspirated stops /ɡʱ, dʱ, bʱ/ and /pʰ/ have spirant allophones [ɣ, ð, β, f].Cardona & Suthar (2003:665)
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Gujarati contrasts dental [t] and [d] with retroflex [ʈ] and [ɖ] (as well as aspirated variants). Both sets sound like /t/ and /d/ to most English speakers although the dental [t] and [d] are used in place of the English /θ/ and /ð/ (with [ð] occuring as a spirant allophone of [dʱ] in Gujarati) for some speakers with th-stopping.
- 1 2 3 The voiced retroflex stops and the nasal /ɖʱ, ɖ, ɳ/ have flapped allophones [ɽʱ, ɽ, ɽ̃]. Intervocalically all three are flapped. The stops are also flapped when before or after other consonants.Mistry (1997:659) The stops are unflapped initially, geminated, and postnasally; and flapped intervocalically, finally, and before or after other consonants.Masica (1991:97).
- 1 2 3 While there is dialectal variation in this regard, for Wikipedia transcriptions [ʃ] appears contiguous with palatal segments and [ʂ] appears before retroflex consonants: [spəʂʈ] ('clear').Mistry (1997:658)
- ↑ Gujarati contrasts murmured and non-murmured vowels, except for /e/ and /o/.Cardona & Suthar (2003:662) Mistry (2003:116).
- ↑ Vowels are long when nasalised, e.g. [moʈʈũː]
References
[edit]- Cardona, George; Suthar, Babu (2003), "Gujarati", in Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh (eds.), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5
- Masica, Colin (1991), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2
- Mistry, P.J. (1997), "Gujarati Phonology", in Kaye, A.S (ed.), Phonologies of Asia and Africa, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, ISBN 1-57506-019-1
- Mistry, P.J. (2003), "Gujarati", in Frawley, William (ed.), International Encyclopedia of Linguistics, vol. 2 (2nd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-516784-8