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2026 Spanish general election

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2026 Spanish general election
← 2023
29 November 2026
All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 209 (of 267) seats in the Senate
176 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies
Opinion polls
Registered38,728,356[1] Increase 3.4%
 
Leader Alberto Núñez Feijóo Pedro Sánchez Santiago Abascal
Party PP PSOE Vox
Leader since 2 April 2022 18 June 2017 20 September 2014
Leader's seat Madrid Madrid Madrid
Last election 137 seats, 33.1% 121 seats, 31.7% 33 seats, 12.4%
Current seats 137 121 32
Seats needed Increase 39 Increase 55 Increase 143
 
Leader TBD Gabriel Rufián Míriam Nogueras
Party FA ERC Junts
Leader since 17 October 2026 14 October 2019 12 March 2021
Leader's seat — Barcelona Barcelona
Last election 26 seats (Sumar)[a] 7 seats, 1.9% 7 seats, 1.6%
Current seats 27 7 7
Seats needed Increase 149 n/a[b] n/a[c]
Constituencies for the Congress of Deputies
Incumbent Prime Minister

Pedro Sánchez
PSOE


A general election will be held in Spain on 29 November 2026 to elect the members of the 16th Cortes Generales under the Spanish Constitution of 1978. All 350 seats in the Congress of Deputies will be up for election, as well as 209 of 267 seats in the Senate.[d]

Following the 2023 election, Pedro Sánchez was re-elected as prime minister of Spain and formed a third government—comprising the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and Sumar—with the support of Together for Catalonia (Junts), in exchange for a controversial amnesty law. Tensions with the opposition People's Party (PP) and far-right Vox dominated Sánchez's third term, as well as an unraveling international situation (with the ongoing war in Ukraine, the Gaza genocide, the tariff policy of the second Trump administration, and the 2026 Iran war and its economic impact), economic growth amid a rising cost of living (together with an affordable housing crisis), and a number of corruption probes affecting the government (mainly, the Koldo and Zapatero affairs). Also notable were the alleged mismanagements of a number of environmental disasters by PP-controlled administrations (particularly climate crisis-aggravated environmental disasters such as the 2024 Valencian floods and the 2025 and 2026 wildfires), sexual misconduct allegations affecting various parties and institutions, increased scrutiny on the quality and condition of public services (particularly following the 2025 Iberian Peninsula blackout, and the 2026 Adamuz and Gelida train accidents), as well as the 2026 Ceuta migrant crisis.

While Sánchez admitted to having twice hesitated whether to resign—once in April 2024, amid a judicial probe into his wife; and then in July 2025, after his second-in-command in the party, Santos Cerdán, resigned over the Koldo affair—he voiced his intention to run for a new term as prime minister. Amid major housing protests in the autumn of 2026 and the parliamentary defeat of his relief plans by PP, Vox and Junts on 2 October, Sánchez dissolved parliament and called the election for 29 November, seeking to frame it on housing as the central issue.[5][6] The member parties of Sumar set 17 October 2026 for the launching of their Broad Front platform and candidate.[7]

Background

The 2023 general election saw Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez and his ruling coalition—formed by the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and Sumar—re-elected with the support of Together for Catalonia (Junts), in exchange for a controversial amnesty law for those tried and convicted for events linked to the 2017–2018 Catalan crisis and the 2019 protests.[8][9] This deal sparked widespread protests, some of them violent in the days before Sánchez's investiture, seeing clashes near the PSOE's national headquarters in Madrid and the involvement of far-right groups.[10][11]

Sánchez's third term was marked by a booming economy and falling unemployment, but also by rising living costs and an affordable housing crisis.[12][13] During this period, a constitutional reform in 2024 introduced people-first language,[14] and a bipartisan agreement ended the five-year blockade of the judiciary council.[15] Political tensions with the People's Party (PP) and far-right Vox intensified, with the government accusing both of "lawfare", disinformation and harassment campaigns.[16][17] These tensions peaked in April 2024, when Sánchez briefly considered resigning after a controversial judicial investigation into his wife, Begoña Gómez, over alleged influence peddling and embezzlement accusations brought by the far-right-linked group Manos Limpias (Spanish for "Clean Hands").[18][19][20][21] The government also dealt with the 2025 Iberian Peninsula blackout,[22][23] repeated failures in Spain's rail network (especially following the 2026 Adamuz and Gelida train accidents),[24][25][26] and the MV Hondius hantavirus outbreak.[27][28]

Close-up photo of José Luis Ábalos
Close-up photo of Santos Cerdán
The Koldo affair, involving former Transport minister José Luis Ábalos (left) and PSOE's organization secretary Santos Cerdán (right), became the focus of a corruption probe from 2024 onwards.

On the international stage, Sánchez's government dealt with continued EU support for Ukraine in its war against Russia,[29] the tariff policy of the second Trump administration,[30] and the country's role within NATO amid a debate over the five-percent defense spending hike.[31][32][33] Its strong criticism of the Gaza genocide led Spain to recognize Palestine and worsened relations with Israel,[34][35][36][37] sparking pro-Palestinian protests and calls to boycott Israeli participation in international competitions, such as the 2025 Vuelta a España,[38] and Spain's RTVE joining others' bid to withdraw from the Eurovision Song Contest 2026.[39] The 2026 Iran war saw Sánchez and U.S. President Donald Trump clash over the use of joint military bases at Rota and Morón,[40][41][42] reviving the "No to war" slogan previously used during the 2003 invasion of Iraq.[43][44] At the same time, the Spanish government sought to address the war's economic impact by approving a €5-billion relief package.[45]

Several political scandals affected the PSOE government during this period, including the Koldo affair (a kickback-for-contract scheme linked to José Luis Ábalos—a former transport minister—and party official Santos Cerdán),[46][47] the Zapatero affair (involving the lobbying activity of the former prime minister),[48][49] and judicial probes into Sánchez's brother (for alleged cronyism)[50][51] and the Spanish Attorney General, Álvaro García Ortiz (for an alleged data leak).[52] Other probes into alleged irregularities in public procurement affected the SEPI holding company and ADIF (Spain's railway infrastructure manager), leading to arrests and police raids.[53][54] The PP was also hit by scandals, including several affecting the Madrilenian president, Isabel Díaz Ayuso (an investigation into her partner for alleged tax fraud, forgery and organized crime;[55] the controversial purchase of a luxury penthouse using public funds,[56][57] and unjustified travel expenses);[58][59] renewed attention on corruption cases during Rajoy's premiership such as the Montoro and Kitchen affairs (alleged cash-for-favours, influence peddling and deep state networks);[60][61] as well as a resume padding controversy.[62][63] Sexual misconduct allegations between 2024 and 2026 shook various parties and institutions and led to multiple resignations and dismissals, with the political backlash often compared to the MeToo movement.[64][65]

Satellite image of flooding in the Land of Valencia showing the Poyo avenue and the Turia river
The botched handling of the deadly 2024 floods led to the resignation of Valencian president Carlos Mazón in November 2025.

Relations between the PP and Vox remained ambivalent, as the two parties competed electorally while still depending on each other to govern.[66] The alleged mismanagement by PP-controlled administrations—including climate crisis-aggravated environmental disasters,[67][68] such as the 2024 Valencian floods (seeing Carlos Mazón's resignation as regional president)[69][70] and major wildfires in August 2025 and July 2026;[71][72] as well as public outrage over an Andalusian Health Service's mishandling of breast cancer screening[73]—was seen as contributing to Vox’s rise in opinion polls, helped by growing anti-political sentiment, denialism, conspiracist ideation and fake news.[74][75][76] These issues and immigration (with high points in the 2024 unaccompanied migrant minors' distribution dispute,[77] the 2025 Torre-Pacheco unrest,[78] and the government's 2026 immigration amnesty)[79][80] further pushed the PP closer to Vox's agenda,[81][82] with PP's Alberto Núñez Feijóo embracing Santiago Abascal's nativist "national priority" in exchange of support for regional pacts.[83][84][85] Concurrently, Vox purged several high-profile figures as it tried to broaden its appeal among working-class voters.[86][87]

Changes in the political landscape of Catalonia—with Salvador Illa's Socialists' Party taking over the regional government in 2024 and the rise of the far-right Catalan Alliance—saw Junts withdrawing its support from the Spanish government in October 2025,[88][89] but it remained uncommitted to support a no-confidence motion to oust Sánchez that would require the agreement of both PP and Vox.[90][91][92] Throughout late 2025 and early 2026, the PP tried to capitalize on discontent with Sánchez's government by calling early regional elections in Extremadura and Aragon (together with regularly-scheduled ones in Castile and León and Andalusia),[93][94] but this strategy backfired as the regional PP branches ended up relying even more on Vox to remain in power,[95][96] while seeing a rise for regionally-based left-wing parties (such as Chunta Aragonesista and Adelante Andalucía).[97][98] The political space to the PSOE's left fragmented amid Podemos's split from Sumar in December 2023,[99][100] and Yolanda Díaz's announcement in February 2026 to not run for re-election,[101] with attempts to reorganize it into a broad front of left-wing parties ahead of the general election still ongoing.[102][103]

The issues of immigration and housing came to a head in the last few months of the government's tenure, amid the 2026 Ceuta migrant crisis[104][105] and widespread protests across Spain following the high-profile eviction of an 87-year-old by a real estate company in September 2026.[106][107][108] Sánchez's attempt to pass a housing relief package through parliament failed due to Junts's opposition,[109] prompting him to dissolve the chambers and call a snap election for 29 November.[6][110][111]

Overview

Under the 1978 Constitution, the Spanish Cortes Generales are conceived as an imperfect bicameral system.[112][113] The Congress of Deputies holds greater legislative power than the Senate, having the ability to grant or withdraw confidence from a prime minister and to override Senate vetoes by an absolute majority.[114] Nonetheless, the Senate retains a limited number of specific functions—such as ratifying international treaties, authorizing cooperation agreements between autonomous communities, enforcing direct rule, regulating interterritorial compensation funds, and taking part in constitutional amendments and in the appointment of members to the Constitutional Court and the General Council of the Judiciary—which are not subject to override by Congress.[115]

Date

The term of each chamber of the Cortes Generales—the Congress and the Senate—expired four years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier.[116] The election decree was required to be issued no later than 25 days before the scheduled expiration date of parliament and published on the following day in the Official State Gazette (BOE), with election day taking place 54 days after the decree's publication.[117] The previous election was held on 23 July 2023, which meant that the chambers' terms would have expired on 23 July 2027. The election decree was required to be published in the BOE no later than 29 June 2027, setting the latest possible date for election day on 22 August 2027.[118][119]

Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez announcing a snap election for 29 November 2026

The prime minister had the prerogative to propose the monarch to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process, no state of emergency was in force and that dissolution did not occur before one year after a previous one.[120] Additionally, both chambers were to be dissolved and a new election called if an investiture process failed to elect a prime minister within a two-month period from the first ballot.[121] Barring this exception, there was no constitutional requirement for simultaneous elections to the Congress and the Senate.[122] Still, as of 2026, there has been no precedent of separate elections taking place under the 1978 Constitution.

Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez repeatedly voiced his will for the next general election to be held when due in 2027,[123][124] particularly following corruption allegations in June 2025 that led to the resignation of his party's organization secretary, Santos Cerdán.[125][126] However, his government's political strategy, uncertainty over the General State Budget, as well as Sánchez having previously promised to exhaust legislative terms before ultimately calling snap elections—in 2019 and 2023—led to speculation that an early election could not be ruled out.[127][128] Uncertainty over Junts's support to Sánchez was commented as a possible trigger of a snap election,[129][130] while the outbreak of war in Iran fueled comments of a "Super Sunday" in June 2026, together with the regularly scheduled Andalusian election.[131][132][133] Following that regional election, speculation emerged that the election would be held concurrently with the local and regional elections in May 2027,[134] but this was promptly rejected by Sánchez in June 2026,[135] who then hinted at the possibility of a general election in February or March 2027.[136] Amid the autumn 2026 housing protests and the parliamentary defeat of Sánchez's housing plans on 2 October, the government acknowledged that it was weighting whether to call a snap election for 29 November.[5][137][138][139] By the night of 4 October, multiple media were reporting on Sánchez's intention to call a snap election the next day and recover his housing relief plans,[140][141][142] with him confirming the election date of 29 November.[6]

The Cortes Generales was officially dissolved on 6 October 2026 with the publication of the corresponding decree in the BOE, setting election day for 29 November and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 23 December.[143]

Electoral system

Voting for each chamber of the Cortes Generales is based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they have not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence.[144][145]

The Congress of Deputies has a minimum of 300 and a maximum of 400 seats, with electoral provisions fixing its size at 350. Of these, 348 are elected in 50 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the provinces of Spain—each of which is assigned an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 distributed in proportion to population—using the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a three percent-threshold of valid votes (including blank ballots) in each constituency. The remaining two seats are allocated to Ceuta and Melilla as single-member districts elected by plurality voting.[146] The use of this electoral method may result in a higher effective threshold depending on district magnitude and vote distribution.[147]

As a result of the aforementioned allocation, each Congress multi-member constituency was entitled the following seats:[148]

Seats Constituencies
38 Madrid(+1)
32 Barcelona
16 Valencia
12 Alicante, Seville
11 Málaga
10 Murcia
8 A Coruña, Balearic Islands, Biscay, Cádiz(−1), Las Palmas
7 Asturias, Granada, Pontevedra, Zaragoza, Santa Cruz de Tenerife
6 Almería, Córdoba, Gipuzkoa, Girona, Tarragona, Toledo
5 Badajoz, Cantabria, Castellón, Ciudad Real, Huelva, Jaén, Navarre, Valladolid
4 Álava, Albacete, Burgos, Cáceres, La Rioja, León, Lleida, Lugo, Ourense, Salamanca
3 Ávila, Cuenca, Guadalajara, Huesca, Palencia, Segovia, Teruel, Zamora
2 Soria

209 Senate seats are elected using open-list partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing four seats can choose up to three candidates; in those with two or three seats, up to two; and in single-member districts, one. Each of the 47 peninsular provinces is allocated four seats, while in insular provinces—such as the Balearic and Canary Islands—the districts are the islands themselves, with the larger ones (Mallorca, Gran Canaria and Tenerife) being allocated three seats each, and the smaller ones (Menorca, Ibiza, Formentera, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma) one each.[d] Ceuta and Melilla elect two seats each. Additionally, autonomous communities may appoint at least one senator each and are entitled to one additional seat per million inhabitants.[149][150]

The law does not provide for by-elections to fill vacant seats; instead, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term are filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.[151]

Outgoing parliament

The tables below show the composition of the parliamentary groups in both chambers at the time of dissolution.[152][153]

Candidates

Nomination rules

Spanish citizens with the right to vote may run for election, provided that they have not been criminally imprisoned by a final sentence or convicted—whether final or not—of offenses that involve loss of eligibility or disqualification from public office (such as rebellion, terrorism or other crimes against the state). Additional causes of ineligibility apply to the following officials:[160]

Other ineligibility provisions also apply to a number of territorial officials in these categories within their areas of jurisdiction, as well as to employees of foreign states and members of regional governments.[160]

Incompatibility rules include those of ineligibility, and also bar running in multiple constituencies or lists, holding office if the candidacy is later declared illegal (by a final ruling), and combining legislative roles (deputy, senator, and regional lawmaker) with each other or with:[161]

Parties and lists

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance are required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. Concurrently, parties, federations or alliances that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the Cortes at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.[162] Amendments in 2024 required a balanced composition of men and women in the electoral lists through the use of a zipper system.[163]

A special, simplified process is provided for election re-runs, including a shortening of deadlines, electoral campaigning, the lifting of signature requirements if these had been already met for the immediately previous election and the possibility of maintaining lists and alliances without needing to go through pre-election procedures again.[164]

Below is a list of the main parties and alliances which will likely contest the election:

Candidacy Parties and
alliances		 Leading candidate Ideology Previous result Gov. Ref.
Congress Senate
Vote % Seats Vote % Seats
PP
List
 Alberto Núñez Feijóo Conservatism
Christian democracy		 33.1% 137 34.5% 120 No [165]
PSOE Pedro Sánchez Social democracy 31.7% 121 32.2% 72 Yes [166]
[167]
Vox
List
 Santiago Abascal Right-wing populism
Ultranationalism
National conservatism		 12.4% 33 10.6% 0 No [168]
FA TBD Progressivism
Green politics
Democratic socialism
12.3%
[a]		 31
11.1%
[a]		 0 Yes [101]
[169]
[170]
Podemos–AV
List
 Irene Montero Left-wing populism
Democratic socialism		 No [171]
[172]
[173]
ERC Gabriel Rufián Catalan independence
Left-wing nationalism
Social democracy		 1.9% 7 Contested
in alliance[j]		 No [174]
Junts Míriam Nogueras Catalan independence
Populism		 1.6% 7 1.8% 1 No [175]
EH Bildu
List
 Mertxe Aizpurua Basque independence
Abertzale left
Socialism		 1.4% 6 Contested
in alliance[j]		 No
EAJ/PNV
List
 Maribel Vaquero Basque nationalism
Christian democracy		 1.1% 5 1.3% 4 No [176]
BNG Néstor Rego Galician nationalism
Left-wing nationalism
Socialism		 0.6% 1 0.8% 0 No
CCa
List
 Cristina Valido Regionalism
Canarian nationalism
Centrism		 0.5% 1 0.3% 0 No [177]
[178]
UPN Alberto Catalán Regionalism
Conservatism
Christian democracy		 0.2% 1 0.3% 1 No
Compromís TBD Valencianism
Progressivism
Green politics		 Contested in alliance[k] 15 [179]
Ara Més TBD Left-wing nationalism
Democratic socialism
Green politics		 Contested in alliance[k] No [180]
SALF
List
 Alvise Pérez Right-wing populism
Anti-establishment		 Did not contest 15 [181]
ERC–
EH Bildu		 Mirella Cortès Left-wing nationalism Did not contest 4.2% 7 No [182]
EFS Juanjo Ferrer Progressivism Did not contest 0.0% 1 No
ASG Fabián Chinea Insularism
Social democracy		 Did not contest 0.0% 1 No
AHI Javier Armas Insularism
Canarian nationalism
Centrism		 Did not contest 0.0% 1 No

The reorganization of the political space to the left of the PSOE—which split in December 2023 following Podemos's breakup[171]—was commented as a key element in securing any prospective re-election of Sánchez's government.[183] The component parties of the Sumar alliance looked for a recomposition of the platform under a new brand,[184][185] with second deputy prime minister and labour minister, Yolanda Díaz, stepping aside as the leading candidate for the next general election.[101] Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)'s spokesperson in Congress, Gabriel Rufián, proposed a broad front of left-wing parties (either directly or through coordination) that also included peripheral nationalists such as ERC, EH Bildu and the Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG).[186] Sumar's member parties confirmed 17 October 2026 as the date for the launching of their Broad Front platform and candidate.[7]

The PSOE and Sumar were commented as probing a prospective electoral alliance or cooperation agreement in over 30 of the smaller constituencies—mostly comprising those electing between three and five seats—where the latter's votes would not translate into seats but in which the former could compete for an additional seat with the PP or Vox.[187] Additionally, a civil society initiative ("Senators for Democracy") proposed for PSOE, Sumar and Podemos to present joint lists for the Senate;[188] upon the general election's call on 5 October, the promoters of the initiative engaged in formal negotiations with the parties,[189] with talks in the Valencian Community also including Compromís.[190] Concurrently, Més per Mallorca and Geroa Bai considered joint lists with the PSOE in the Senate constituencies of Mallorca and Navarre.[191][192] By 9 October, the PSOE was formally studying the possibility of a joint list for the whole Senate,[193][194][195] while pressing the Broad Front parties to not run in small and medium-sized Congress constituencies (those allocating fewer than six seats), in order to concentrate the entire left-wing vote.[196]

The 2024 European Parliament election in Spain saw the electoral breakthrough of social media personality Luis "Alvise" Pérez who, running on a right-wing populist platform with his Se Acabó La Fiesta party (Spanish for "The Party is Over", SALF), secured 4.6% of the share.[197] Alvise announced in July 2024 that he was considering to run in the next general election,[198] but his public standing was damaged by an internal party crisis—which saw the defection of SALF's two other MEPs, amid accusations of bullying and blackmail[199][200]—and several legal cases against him, including allegations of illegal financing, data leakage and harassment, which are the subject of ongoing investigations by the Supreme Court.[201][202][203] On 12 October 2025, Alvise formally launched his candidacy to the next general election at the Palacio Vistalegre arena.[204][205] By 2026, SALF was reportedly recruiting a number of former Vox members into their candidacies in several regions.[206]

Catalan Alliance confirmed on 5 October 2026 that it would not contest the general election.[207]

Campaign

Timetable

The key dates are listed below. All times are CET, while the Canary Islands use WET (UTC+0) instead.[208]

  • 5 October: The election decree is issued with the countersign of the prime minister, after deliberation in the Council of Ministers, ratified by the King.
  • 6 October: Formal dissolution of parliament and start of prohibition period on the inauguration of public works, services or projects.
  • 9 October: Initial constitution of provincial and zone electoral commissions with judicial members.
  • 12 October: Division of constituencies into polling sections and stations.
  • 16 October: Deadline for parties and federations to report on their electoral alliances.
  • 19 October: Deadline for electoral register consultation for the purpose of possible corrections.
  • 26 October: Deadline for parties, federations, alliances, and groupings of electors to present electoral lists.
  • 28 October: Publication of submitted electoral lists in the Official State Gazette (BOE).
  • 2 November: Official proclamation of validly submitted electoral lists.
  • 3 November: Publication of proclaimed electoral lists in the BOE.
  • 4 November: Deadline for the selection of polling station members by sortition.
  • 12 November: Deadline for the appointment of non-judicial members to provincial and zone electoral commissions.
  • 13 November: Official start of electoral campaigning.[209]
  • 19 November: Deadline to apply for postal voting.
  • 24 November: Start of legal ban on electoral opinion polling publication; deadline for non-resident citizens (electors residing abroad (CERA) and citizens temporarily absent from Spain) to vote by mail.
  • 25 November: Deadline for postal and temporarily absent voting.
  • 26 November: Deadline for CERA voting.
  • 27 November: Last day of electoral campaigning.[209]
  • 28 November: Official election silence ("reflection day").
  • 29 November: Election day (polling stations open at 9 am and close at 8 pm or once voters present in a queue at/outside the polling station at 8 pm have cast their vote); provisional vote counting.
  • 4 December: Start of general vote counting, including CERA votes.
  • 7 December: Deadline for the general vote counting.
  • 16 December: Deadline for the proclamation of elected members.
  • 24 December: Deadline for the reconvening of parliament (date determined by the election decree, which for the 2026 election was set for 23 December)[143][210]
  • 25 January: Deadline for the publication of definitive election results in the BOE.

Election denialism

PP and Vox openly embraced election denial theories by questioning the integrity of the electoral process.[211][212] Both parties accused Sánchez of trying to alter the electoral roll through the so-called "Grandchildren Law", a 2022 legal provision within the Democratic Memory Law allowing the naturalisation of descendants of Spaniards who lost or renounced their nationality as a consequence of exile because of the Spanish Civil War and the Francoist dictatorship, and which PP leader Alberto Núñez Feijóo previously campaigned on.[213][214] The Iustitia Europa and Vox parties appealed the law to the Spanish Supreme Court,[215][216] which in September 2026 temporarily suspended the voting rights of non-resident citizens registered by virtue of the Law's provisions—pending a final ruling—in order to "safeguard the transparency of the electoral process and the trust of citizens in its results" in light of the "magnitude" of the census increase since 2023 (from 2.3 to 2.7 million, as of 1 July 2026).[217][218][219] The decision was contested by the Spanish government as "excessive", considering circumstances such as the very low turnout of non-resident citizens (which accounted for just 0.8% of voters in the 2023 election), and that seat changes resulting from this type of vote had actually benefitted the PP in recent times (granting them one additional seat in Biscay in November 2019, and another one in Madrid in 2023).[220][221][222]

Upon the election call in October 2026, the Supreme Court set a 48-hour deadline for receiving arguments and appeals before ruling on the "Grandchildren Law"'s suspension, in order to determine whether naturalised citizens would be able to vote on 29 November.[223] Both the Solicitor General's Office and the Prosecution Ministry requested that the law's suspension be lifted for the 2026 election, citing the practical impossibility of reviewing all the files in time and the severity of the measure.[224][225] On 9 October, the National Statistics Institute released data on registered voters for the election, totaling 38.7 million (an increase of 1.3 million since 2023, or 3.4%), of whom 2.8 million were non-resident citizens (an increase of 420,000, or 19%).[1][226]

Both PP and Vox also raised doubts about postal voting, stirring up the hoax that Sánchez's government was intent on rigging the election.[227][228] The PP got tangled up in the statements made by its own leaders, as regional premiers such as Jorge Azcón and Isabel Díaz Ayuso initially questioned mail-in voting and urged people to vote in person,[229][230] while others such as PP national spokesperson Borja Sémper claimed that the system was ensured through "a series of controls".[231][232] On 7 October, Feijóo himself joined the conspiracy theories on mail-in voting and announced additional measures to be proposed to the Central Electoral Commission to guarantee its integrity, claiming that he trusted "mail carriers" but not "the executives of Correos" (the state-owned postal service).[233][234] Sánchez's government blasted the accusations by claiming that postal voting was "a right that has been exercised for years", depicting them as a right-wing misinformation campaign "out of fear of losing the election".[231][235] The episode drew comparisons to the election denial movement in the United States.[236]

Party slogans

Party or alliance Original slogan English translation Ref.
PP « Por fin » "At last" [237]
PSOE « La fuerza de la gente » "The power of the people" [238]
Vox
FA
ERC
Junts
EH Bildu
EAJ/PNV
BNG
CCa
UPN

Debates

2026 Spanish general election debates
Date Organizer(s) Moderator(s)     P  Present[n]    S  Surrogate[o]    NI  Not invited   I  Invited    A  Absent invitee 
PP PSOE Vox FA ERC Junts EH Bildu PNV Audience Ref.
TBC Mediaset Carlos Franganillo
Alba Lago		 I
Feijóo		 I
Sánchez		 NI NI NI NI NI NI [239]
TBC La Séptima TBC I
Feijóo		 I
Sánchez		 NI NI NI NI NI NI [240]
17 November RTVE TBC I
Feijóo		 I
Sánchez		 NI NI NI NI NI NI [241]
18 November Atresmedia TBC I
Feijóo		 I
Sánchez		 I
Abascal		 I
TBC		 NI NI NI NI [242]
23 November Atresmedia TBC I
Feijóo		 I
Sánchez		 NI NI NI NI NI NI [242]
23 November RTVE TBC I
TBC		 I
TBC		 I
TBC		 I
TBC		 I
TBC		 I
TBC		 I
TBC		 I
TBC		 [241]
26 November RTVE TBC I
Feijóo		 I
Sánchez		 I
Abascal		 I
TBC		 NI NI NI NI [241]

Opinion polls

Local regression trend line of poll results from 23 July 2023 to the present day, with each line corresponding to a political party.
Polling aggregations
Polling aggregator Last update PP PSOE Vox Sumar SALF FA[p] Lead
Electocracia[243] 9 Oct 2026 32.1
133/134		 27.6
112/113		 18.7
64/66		 5.5
5/6		 2.4
2		 1.4
0		 – 4.5
PolitPro[244] 9 Oct 2026 32.2 26.6 18.6 [q] [q] 1.8 11.6 5.6
Europa Press[245] 6 Oct 2026 32.9 26.2 18.6 5.7 3.5 – – 6.7
El Periódico[246] 5 Oct 2026 31.5
136		 26.7
104		 18.5
66		 6.2
10		 3.4
3		 1.6
0		 – 4.8
RTVE[247] 5 Oct 2026 32.5
137		 26.3
104		 18.7
65		 6.3
10		 3.4
3		 1.9
0		 – 6.2
InfoPolitica[248] 4 Oct 2026 32.5
134/143		 26.3
102/109		 18.2
61/67		 6.1
7/11		 3.4
1/4		 1.8
0		 – 6.2
El Confidencial[249] 3 Oct 2026 32.8 26.3 18.2 5.9 3.1 1.9 – 6.5
Politico[250] 3 Oct 2026 33.0 26.0 18.0 6.0 3.0 2.0 – 7.0
El País[251] 3 Oct 2026 32.7
137		 26.4
107		 18.1
62		 5.9
9		 3.4
3		 1.7
0		 – 6.3
Demócrata[252] 3 Oct 2026 32.1
143		 26.5
103		 18.4
64		 6.0
5		 3.3
?		 – – 5.6
Colmena de Datos[253] 3 Oct 2026 32.6
141		 25.7
105		 18.2
61		 6.3
9		 3.5
2		 1.9
0		 – 6.9
Europe Elects[254] 2 Oct 2026 34.0 27.0 18.0 6.0 3.0 1.0 – 7.0
Electomanía[255] 30 Sep 2026 33.6
142		 25.7
103		 18.0
63		 5.3
7		 3.6
3		 1.7
0		 – 7.9
El Debate[256] 29 Sep 2026 33.2
143		 25.9
106		 18.4
61		 5.8
7		 3.3
2		 1.8
0		 – 7.3
2023 election 23 Jul 2023 33.1
137		 31.7
121		 12.4
33		 12.3
31		 [r] – – 1.4

Voter turnout

The table below shows registered voter turnout during the election. Figures for election day do not include non-resident citizens, while final figures do.

Region Time (Election day) Final
14:00 18:00 20:00
2023 2026 +/– 2023 2026 +/– 2023 2026 +/– 2023 2026 +/–
Andalusia 42.06% 53.19% 69.02% 66.61%
Aragon 42.08% 52.56% 73.02% 70.71%
Asturias 39.04% 54.11% 71.14% 62.90%
Balearic Islands 37.27% 48.58% 63.56% 61.32%
Basque Country 37.20% 52.43% 67.62% 65.09%
Canary Islands 28.90% 45.40% 63.59% 58.18%
Cantabria 43.00% 60.45% 75.37% 69.94%
Castile and León 41.37% 54.85% 74.44% 69.41%
Castilla–La Mancha 44.70% 56.28% 74.42% 72.99%
Catalonia 36.79% 48.72% 65.43% 62.68%
Extremadura 45.16% 55.81% 73.71% 71.67%
Galicia 39.01% 55.97% 73.15% 61.41%
La Rioja 45.76% 57.12% 74.86% 70.19%
Madrid 40.83% 53.70% 74.15% 69.66%
Murcia 44.24% 55.09% 70.79% 68.68%
Navarre 41.28% 51.77% 69.86% 66.37%
Valencian Community 46.24% 57.93% 73.64% 71.50%
Ceuta 27.44% 39.30% 55.66% 53.19%
Melilla 23.30% 31.94% 49.81% 45.24%
Total 40.48% 53.13% 70.41% 66.59%
Sources[257]

Results

Congress of Deputies

← Summary of the 29 November 2026 Congress of Deputies election results
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP)
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
Vox (Vox)
Broad Front (FA)1 n/a
We Can–Green Alliance (Podemos–AV)1 n/a
Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC)
Together for Catalonia (Junts)
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)
Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)
Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG)
Canarian Coalition (CCa)
Navarrese People's Union (UPN)
Workers' Front (FO)
New Canaries (NC)
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE)
Teruel Exists (TE)2
Yes to the Future (GBai)
Soria Now! (SY)
Forward Andalusia (Adelante Andalucía)
Commitment: Més–Initiative–Greens Equo (Compromís) New
Now More (Ara Més) New
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) New
Democracy 21 (Democracia 21) New
Justice Europe (IE) New
Drago Greens Canaries (DVC) New
Blank ballots
Total 350±0
Valid votes
Invalid votes
Votes cast / turnout
Abstentions
Registered voters 38,728,356
Sources
Footnotes:

Senate

← Summary of the 29 November 2026 Senate of Spain election results
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
People's Party (PP)
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)
Broad Front (FA)1 n/a
We Can–Green Alliance (Podemos–AV)1 n/a
Vox (Vox)
Left for Independence (ERC–EH Bildu)
Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC–Esquerres per la Independència)
Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu–Independentzia Ezkerretik)
Together for Catalonia (Junts)
Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV)
Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)
Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG)
Canarian Coalition (CCa)
Navarrese People's Union (UPN)
Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE)
New Canaries (NC)
Teruel Exists (TE)2
Yes to the Future (GBai)
Forward Andalusia (Adelante Andalucía)
Soria Now! (SY)
Ibiza and Formentera in the Senate (PSOE–SMR–EU–Ara Eivissa)
Gomera Socialist Group (ASG)
Independent Herrenian Group (AHI)
Commitment: Més–Initiative–Greens Equo (Compromís) New
Now More (Ara Més) New
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) New
Democracy 21 (Democracia 21) New
Justice Europe (IE) New
Drago Greens Canaries (DVC) New
Blank ballots[s]
Total 209+1
Valid votes
Invalid votes
Votes cast / turnout
Abstentions
Registered voters 38,728,356
Sources
Footnotes:

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 Within the Sumar alliance in the 2023 election: SMR (10 seats), IU (5 seats), CatComú (5 seats), Podemos (5 seats), MM/MP (2 seats), Compromís (2 seats), CHA (1 seat) and Més (1 seat).[2]
  2. ↑ ERC does not field candidates outside of Catalonia (48 seats) and therefore cannot obtain a majority in parliament.
  3. ↑ Junts does not field candidates outside of Catalonia (48 seats) and therefore cannot obtain a majority in parliament.
  4. 1 2 A constitutional reform was enacted on 20 May 2026 to award Formentera an independent senator separate from Ibiza.[3][4]
  5. 1 2 Part of the Compromís alliance.
  6. ↑ Javier Ortega Smith, former Vox legislator.[155][156]
  7. 1 2 The PSOE/PSC "lent" senators to other parties to allow them to maintain parliamentary groups.[158]
  8. ↑ José Ignacio Landaluce, former PP legislator.[159]
  9. ↑ These comprise the Constitutional Court, the General Council of the Judiciary, the Supreme Court, the Council of State, the Court of Auditors and the Economic and Social Council.
  10. 1 2 ERC and EH Bildu joined the Left for Independence alliance ahead of the 2023 Senate election.
  11. 1 2 Compromís (2 deputies and 0 senators) and Més (1 deputy and 0 senators) contested the 2023 election within the Sumar alliance.
  12. ↑ In Ibiza.
  13. 1 2 3 In Ibiza and Formentera.
  14. ↑ Denotes a main invitee attending the event.
  15. ↑ Denotes a main invitee not attending the event, sending a surrogate in their place.
  16. ↑ Hypothetical alliance.
  17. 1 2 Within FA.
  18. ↑ Within Sumar.
  19. ↑ The percentage of blank ballots is calculated over the official number of valid votes cast, irrespective of the total number of votes shown as a result of adding up the individual results for each party.

References

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  4. ↑ Constitution (1978), art. 69.
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  233. ↑ Martínez, Virginia (7 October 2026). "Feijóo abona las dudas del PP sobre el voto por correo y pedirá "medidas adicionales" a la Junta Electoral". El País (in Spanish). Ceuta. Retrieved 7 October 2026.
  234. ↑ "Feijóo: "Confío plenamente en los carteros, no confío en los directivos de Correos"" (in Spanish). Cadena SER. 7 October 2026. Retrieved 7 October 2026.
  235. ↑ "Sánchez rechaza el "bulo" del voto por correo del PP: "Es por miedo a perder las elecciones"" (in Spanish). Madrid: laSexta. 9 October 2026. Retrieved 10 October 2026.
  236. ↑ Munárriz, Ángel (8 October 2026). "Pucherazo en Correos, la teoría del submundo conspiranoico que se extiende por el PP y Vox". El País (in Spanish). Seville. Retrieved 10 October 2026.
  237. ↑ "El PP cuelga una gran lona en su sede de Madrid tras el anuncio electoral de Sánchez: Por fin". Demócrata (in Spanish). Agencias. 5 October 2026. Retrieved 7 October 2026.
  238. ↑ @PSOE (10 October 2026). "Nos insultan porque somos el Gobierno de la gente que pone en su sitio a los de arriba. Y si queremos llegar más lejos en avances sociales y hacerlo antes, necesitamos tu fuerza: LA FUERZA DE LA GENTE" (Tweet). Retrieved 10 October 2026 – via X (formerly Twitter).
  239. ↑ "Mediaset se adelanta a Atresmedia y RTVE y propone un cara a cara entre Sánchez y Feijóo para las elecciones del 29N". El Periódico (in Spanish). Madrid. 5 October 2026. Retrieved 5 October 2026.
  240. ↑ Soriano, Sergio (9 October 2026). "La Séptima propone organizar también su propio debate electoral ante el "indudable interés general" por el 29N". verTele! (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  241. 1 2 3 "RTVE propone tres grandes debates electorales para garantizar el pluralismo" (in Spanish). RTVE. 5 October 2026. Archived from the original on 5 October 2026. Retrieved 5 October 2026.
  242. 1 2 "Atresmedia mueve ficha y confirma las fechas para sus dos debates electorales: un cara a cara Sánchez-Feijóo y un debate a cuatro". El Periódico (in Spanish). Madrid. 5 October 2026. Retrieved 5 October 2026.
  243. ↑ "Promedios electorales, evolución y tendencia". Electocracia (in Spanish). 9 October 2026. Archived from the original on 26 October 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  244. ↑ "Election trends and current polls for Spain". PolitPro. Archived from the original on 23 December 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  245. ↑ "Encuestas de las elecciones generales 2026: así está la intención de voto para el 29 de noviembre". Europa Press (in Spanish). 5 October 2026. Retrieved 6 October 2026.
  246. ↑ "Encuestas de las elecciones generales en España: así están los sondeos". El Periódico (in Spanish). 5 October 2026. Retrieved 7 October 2026.
  247. ↑ "Encuestas elecciones generales 29N: PP y Vox podrían gobernar con más de 200 diputados". RTVE (in Spanish). 5 October 2026. Archived from the original on 5 October 2026. Retrieved 5 October 2026.
  248. ↑ "Así llegan las encuestas a un posible 29-N: la derecha, en máximos; la izquierda, por movilizar". InfoPolitica. 4 October 2026. Retrieved 4 October 2026.
  249. ↑ "Observatorio electoral". Confidencial (in Spanish). 3 October 2026. Archived from the original on 17 May 2025. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  250. ↑ "Spain — National parliament voting intention". Politico. 3 October 2026. Archived from the original on 30 April 2021. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  251. ↑ "¿Qué dicen las encuestas si hay elecciones? La ventaja PP-Vox y las opciones de Sánchez". El País (in Spanish). 3 October 2026. Archived from the original on 4 October 2026. Retrieved 4 October 2026.
  252. ↑ "Así están las encuestas de las elecciones generales ante un adelanto: Cataluña sostiene al PSOE mientras PP y Vox rondan el 51%". Demócrata (in Spanish). 3 October 2026. Archived from the original on 4 October 2026. Retrieved 4 October 2026.
  253. ↑ "Promedio de encuestas para Elecciones Generales España". Colmena de Datos (in Spanish). 3 October 2026. Archived from the original on 4 October 2026. Retrieved 4 October 2026.
  254. ↑ "National Poll Average". Europe Elects. Archived from the original on 23 December 2022. Retrieved 7 October 2026.
  255. ↑ "ElectoPromedio cierre de septiembre: Sumar cae a 7 escaños y queda tras ERC". Electomanía (in Spanish). 30 September 2026. Retrieved 4 October 2026.
  256. ↑ "El 'nuevo' 15-M alcanza a Sánchez con su peor porcentaje de voto desde las generales". El Debate (in Spanish). 29 September 2026. Archived from the original on 4 October 2026. Retrieved 4 October 2026.
  257. ↑ "Elecciones celebradas. Resultados electorales" (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 5 August 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2024.

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