Tùi-thīn

Tùi-thīn (對伨) iah-sī tùi-chhèng (對稱; Eng-gí: Symmetry) tī ji̍t-siông seng-oa̍h chí hô-hâi kap bí-lē ê pí-lē kap pêng-hêng ê kam-kak.^[1]^[2]^{[lower-alpha 1]} Tī sò͘-ha̍k, chit ê sû ū koh khah chún-khak ê teng-gī, siông-siông chí chit ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ (object), i sī tī chi̍t-kóa piàn-oāⁿ (transformation) chi hā ê put-piàn-liōng (invariant), pí-jū sóa-ūi (translation), hoán-siā (reflection), tńg-se̍h (rotation), iah-sī chhun-kiu (scaling). Sui-bóng chit nn̄g ê tēng-gī ū-tang-sî-á thang hun-khui kóng, khioh-sī ū kài ho̍k-cha̍p ê koan-hē, chiū án-ne tī chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ ē kâng-chê kóng.

Sò͘-ha̍k ê tùi-thīn ē-tàng tī sî-kan leh cháu ê sî-chūn, tī khong-kan koan-hē, tùi kí-hô piàn-oāⁿ kap pa̍t khoán khong-lêng piàn-oāⁿ, í-ki̍p tī thiu-siōng mi̍h-kiāⁿ (abstract object) ê hong-bīn, pau-hâm lí-lūn bô͘-hêng, gí-giân, kap im-ga̍k hō͘ lâng koan-chhat tio̍h.^[3]^{[lower-alpha 2]}

Chit phiⁿ bûn-chiuⁿ tùi saⁿ hong-bīn biâu-su̍t tùi-thīn: tī sò͘-ha̍k, pau-hâm kí-hô, tùi chē-chē lâng siōng chai-iáⁿ ê lūi-hêng, tī kho-ha̍k kap chū-jiân, kap gē-su̍t, pau-koat kiàn-tio̍k, bí-su̍t, í-ki̍p im-ga̍k.

Tùi-thīn ê tian-tó pêng sī bô tùi-thīn (asymmetry), chí khiàm tùi-thīn ê chōng-thāi.

Chù-kha

↑ Phí-lūn-kóng, Aristotle lia̍h thian-thé sī kiû-hêng ê, jīn-ûi chit ê hêng-sek tēng-gī ê kí-hô tùi-chèng-tō͘ (對稱度) ê goân-in, sī ú-tiū (cosmos) ê chū-jiân tia̍t-sū kap oân-bí.
↑ Tùi-thīn ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ ē-tàng sī bu̍t-chi̍t ê, pí-lūn lâng, cheng-thé (晶體), mî-phōe, thô͘-kha ê thài-lù, iah-sī hun-chú, mā ē-tàng sī thiu-siōng ê kiat-kò͘, pí-jû sò͘-ha̍k hong-têng-sek iah-sī im-ga̍k ê im-tiāu hē-lia̍t.

Chham-khó

↑ Zee, A. (2007). Fearful Symmetry. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13482-6.
↑ Hill, C. T.; Lederman, L. M. (2005). Symmetry and the Beautiful Universe. Prometheus Books.
↑ Mainzer, Klaus (2005). Symmetry and Complexity: The Spirit and Beauty of Nonlinear Science. World Scientific. ISBN 981-256-192-7.

[3] Phí-lūn-kóng, Aristotle lia̍h thian-thé sī kiû-hêng ê, jīn-ûi chit ê hêng-sek tēng-gī ê kí-hô tùi-chèng-tō͘ (對稱度) ê goân-in, sī ú-tiū (cosmos) ê chū-jiân tia̍t-sū kap oân-bí.

[5] Tùi-thīn ê mi̍h-kiāⁿ ē-tàng sī bu̍t-chi̍t ê, pí-lūn lâng, cheng-thé (晶體), mî-phōe, thô͘-kha ê thài-lù, iah-sī hun-chú, mā ē-tàng sī thiu-siōng ê kiat-kò͘, pí-jû sò͘-ha̍k hong-têng-sek iah-sī im-ga̍k ê im-tiāu hē-lia̍t.

[1] Zee, A. (2007). Fearful Symmetry. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13482-6.

[2] Hill, C. T.; Lederman, L. M. (2005). Symmetry and the Beautiful Universe. Prometheus Books.

[Mainzer000-4] Mainzer, Klaus (2005). Symmetry and Complexity: The Spirit and Beauty of Nonlinear Science. World Scientific. ISBN 981-256-192-7.

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