Jamoat transporti

Jamoat transporti turlari. Yuqori chapdan soat mili yo‘nalishida: Yaponiyada yo‘lovchi poyezdi, Pertda avtobus, Gonkongda samolyot va AQSHda parom

Jamoat transporti (shuningdek, ommaviy transport, jamoat tranziti, ommaviy tranzit yoki qisqacha qilib olganda tranzit deb ham ataladi) — keng jamoatchilik foydalanishi uchun moʻljallangan transport turlari majmuasi. Jamoat transporti tizimlari, odatda, belgilangan yoʻnalishlar va qatnov jadvallari asosida ishlaydi hamda ekspluatatsiya xarajatlarini qoplashga moʻljallangan standardlashtirilgan tarif asosida haq undiriladi. Zarur hollarda ushbu xarajatlarning bir qismi davlat mablagʻlari hisobidan qoplanadi^[1]^[2]^[3].

Jamoat transportiga qaysi transport turlari kirishi boʻyicha umumeʼtirof etilgan yagona taʼrif mavjud emas. Avtobus va temir yoʻl transporti odatda jamoat transportining asosiy turlari sifatida koʻrsatiladi, biroq havo transporti bozor tamoyillari asosida faoliyat yuritishi va raqobatbardosh tariflarga ega boʻlganligi tufayli jamoat transporti haqidagi umumiy tasniflarda koʻpincha holatda chiqarib tashlanadi^[4]

Jamoat transportining keng tarqalgan turlariga shahar avtobuslari, trolleybuslar, tramvaylar (yoki yengil relsli transport), metro va boshqa tezkor tranzit tizimlari, yoʻlovchi poyezdlari hamda paromlar kiradi. Shaharlararo jamoat transporti asosan aviakompaniyalar, avtobuslar va temiryoʻl transporti orqali taʼminlanadi. Bir qator mintaqalarda esa yuqori tezlikdagi temiryoʻl tarmoqlari barpo etilmoqda.

Manbalar

↑ „Public transport“. Oxford Dictionary (2025). — „Transport available for public use; a transport system (of buses, trains, etc.) that runs on fixed routes at set times and may be used by anyone with a valid ticket or pass.“. 2025-yil 17-noyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2025-yil 16-iyun.
↑ „public transport in British“. Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. — „a system of buses, trains, etc., running on fixed routes, on which the public may travel“. 2018-yil 2-dekabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 30-yanvar.
↑ Preston, John (2020). "Public Transport". International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (Second Edition): 113–120. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-102295-5.10325-7. ISBN 978-0-08-102296-2.
↑ „Coronavirus (COVID-19): safer travel guidance for passengers - Walking, cycling, and travelling in vehicles or on public transport“. UK Government. 2021-yil 11-dekabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 17-iyul.

Adabiyotlar

Bloom, Nicholas Dagen, The Great American Transit Disaster: A Century of Austerity, Auto-centric Planning, and White Flight, University of Chicago Press, 2023 ISBN 978-0-226-82440-6
Hess, D. 2007. "What is a clean bus? Object conflicts in the greening of urban transit." Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy 3(1):45–58.
; Transportation Security Board; Cobb, Renée M.Improving Transit Security. Transportation Security Board, 1997. ISBN 978-0-309-06013-4.
Newman, Peter; Jeffrey R. Kenworthy. Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence. Island Press, 1999. ISBN 978-1-55963-660-5.
Ovenden, Mark. Transit Maps of the World. London: Penguin, 2007 — 7-bet. ISBN 978-0-14-311265-5.

Costales, Bryan. Elevator Versus Bus. United States: Fool Church Media, 2021. ISBN 978-1945232-41-1.

Havolalar

[1] „Public transport“. Oxford Dictionary (2025). — „Transport available for public use; a transport system (of buses, trains, etc.) that runs on fixed routes at set times and may be used by anyone with a valid ticket or pass.“. 2025-yil 17-noyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2025-yil 16-iyun.

[2] „public transport in British“. Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. — „a system of buses, trains, etc., running on fixed routes, on which the public may travel“. 2018-yil 2-dekabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 30-yanvar.

[3] Preston, John (2020). "Public Transport". International Encyclopedia of Human Geography (Second Edition): 113–120. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-102295-5.10325-7. ISBN 978-0-08-102296-2.

[4] „Coronavirus (COVID-19): safer travel guidance for passengers - Walking, cycling, and travelling in vehicles or on public transport“. UK Government. 2021-yil 11-dekabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 17-iyul.

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