Rashidun Caliphate
first caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad (632–661)
Rashidun Caliphate was the Caliphate established following the death of the Prophet Muhammad. It started in 632 AD (11 AH) and continued till 661 AD (41 AH). In order, the Rashidun (Arabic for "Rightly Guided") Caliphs were: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman , and Ali.[1] Within 3 decades of its establishment, the Caliphate expanded from a small state in the city of Medina, into the largest and one of the most powerful empires in the world at the time. The caliphate was followed by the Umayyad dynasty.[2][3][4]
Rashidun Caliphate | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 632–661 | |||||||||||||||||||
 The Rashidun Caliphate at its greatest extent, under Caliph Uthman, c. 654 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capital | Medina (632–656) Kufa (656–661) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Common languages | Classical Arabic | ||||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||||||||||||||||
| Government | Caliphate | ||||||||||||||||||
| Caliph | |||||||||||||||||||
• 632–634 | Abu Bakr (first) | ||||||||||||||||||
• 634–644 | Umar | ||||||||||||||||||
• 644–656 | Uthman | ||||||||||||||||||
• 656–661 | Ali | ||||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||||
• Established | 8 June 632 | ||||||||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 28 July 661 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Currency | Dinar Dirham | ||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||
| Today part of |  Egypt | ||||||||||||||||||
Amir al-Mu'minin (أمير المؤمنين), Caliph (خليفة) | |||||||||||||||||||
Campaigns
changeThe first general of the empire was Khalid ibn al-Walid. Some of his campaigns were against: the Persian Empire (633-634), and the Byzantine Empire (634-638).
References
change- ↑ "Rashidun | History, Caliphs, & Facts | Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
- ↑ "Atlas of Islamic Civilizations". atlas-islamic-civilizations.replit.app. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
- ↑ "Rashidun | History, Caliphs, & Facts | Britannica". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
- ↑ Kader, Mehdi Kurgan (2025), Heuser, Beatrice; Duyvesteyn, Isabelle (eds.), "The Rashidun, Umayyad (661–750) and Abbasid (750–1258) Caliphates", The Cambridge History of Strategy: Volume 1: From Antiquity to the American War of Independence, The Cambridge History of Strategy, vol. 1, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 204–225, ISBN 978-1-108-47995-0, retrieved 15 May 2026
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Notes
