Hakkin Neman Mafaka

Hakkin Neman Mafaka

Iri	Haƙƙoƙi

"Hakkin mafaka, wani lokacin ana kiransa haƙƙin mafaka na siyasa (asylum daga Tsohon Girkanci () 'santuary'), ra'ayi ne na shari'a, wanda a ƙarƙashinsa mutanen da sarakunan su ke tsanantawa za su iya kare su da wani iko mai iko, kamar ƙasa ta biyu ko wani abu wanda a zamanin da zai iya ba da . Tsohon Masarawa, Helenawa, da Ibraniyawa sun amince da wannan haƙƙin, daga waɗanda aka karɓa zuwa al'adar Yamma. René Descartes ya gudu zuwa ƙasashe Netherlands, Voltaire zuwa Ingila, da Thomas Hobbes zuwa Faransa, saboda kowace jiha ta ba da kariya ga 'yan kasashen waje da aka tsananta. Hakkin mafaka na zamani an kafa shi ne a kan Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya.

Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya

Haƙƙin mafaka ya kasance ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a cikin Mataki na 14 na Universal Declaration of Human Rights na 1948: Hakkin mafaka yana tallafawa ta Yarjejeniyar shekarar 1951 da ta shafi Matsayin 'Yan Gudun Hijira da Yarjejeniyar shekarar 1967 da ta shafi Yanayin' Yan Gudun Hijiri. Kafin a ba da mafaka, ana iya gane mai neman mafaka a matsayin ɗan gudun hijira bisa ga Yarjejeniyar da ta shafi Matsayin 'yan gudun hijira, wanda ke bayyana ɗan gudun hijirar a matsayin mutum "wanda ba zai iya ko ba ya son komawa ƙasarsu ta asali saboda tsoron da ake yi masa na tsanantawa saboda dalilai na launin fata, addini, ƙasa, memba na wani rukuni na zamantakewa, ko ra'ayi na siyasa".

Gidan mafaka na siyasa na zamani

Gwamnatin Holland ta ba da mafaka ga tsofaffi ɗari biyu daga Yugoslavia, Poland, Hungary da Jihohin Baltic. Bayan karshen yakin duniya na biyu, wadannan mutane sun zauna a sansanoni a Austria da Jamus ta Yamma. (Newsreel (a cikin Yaren mutanen Holland))

Duk da yake ana ganin Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam ta Duniya kanta a matsayin ba ta da iyaka, haƙƙin mafaka kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin sanarwar' yancin dan adam na duniya an ambaci shi a cikin Yarjejeniyar da ta shafi Matsayin 'Yan Gudun Hijira, wanda yawancin ƙasashe jam'iyyun ne. A halin yanzu, a kasashe daban-daban akwai matsayi daban-daban na shari'a da ma'anar doka don haƙƙin mafaka da 'yan gudun hijira. Ana ganin mafaka a matsayin mafaka ta wucin gadi. Za'a iya rage hankali saboda rashin tabbas game da amincin da'awar a cikin aikace-aikacen mafaka tare da ka'idojin gida masu daidaituwa.

Lokacin da aka ki amincewa da ikirarin mafaka, rashin mayar da hankali ya shafi Yarjejeniyar da ta shafi Matsayin 'Yan Gudun Hijira Mataki na 33, wanda ya hana fitar da masu neman mafaka zuwa kowace ƙasa inda "rayuwa ko' yanci za a yi barazana saboda launin fata, addini, ƙasa, zama memba na wani rukuni na zamantakewa ko ra'ayin siyasa" tare da banbanci saboda tsaro da laifi. Ƙa'idar da ba ta sake farfadowa ba ana ganinta ne a matsayin dokar al'ada ta faɗin duniya.

Ana kuma iya amfani da shari'o'i daban-daban don fassara haƙƙin mafaka, gami da nazarin shari'a mai mahimmanci da Tsarin Mulki.

Bayan dakatar da haƙƙin mafaka, kamar lokacin da yanayin ƙasar asalin ya canza cewa babu haɗarin tsanantawa, fitar da son rai bisa ga rashin mayar da hankali ko kuma a tarihi a wasu lokuta fitarwa nan da nan na iya biyo baya.

Ta hanyar ƙasa

ƙasar China

Sashe na 2 na Mataki na 32 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na kasar Sin ya nuna cewa kasar Sin na iya ba da mafaka ga baƙi waɗanda suka nemi shi saboda dalilai na siyasa.

A shekara ta 1979, Hoàng Văn Hoan, Mataimakin Shugaban Majalisar Dokokin Vietnam, shi ne baƙo na ƙarshe da China ta ba shi mafaka ta siyasa. Daga shekarar 1980 zuwa yanzu, babu wani baƙo da kasar Sin ta ba shi mafaka ta siyasa. Dukkanin baƙi da aka ba su mafaka ta siyasa a kasar Sin shugabannin siyasa ne na kwaminisanci.

Tarayyar Turai

Alamar iyaka ta zamani a St. Georgenberg , Tyrol

Gidan mafaka a cikin kasashe membobin Tarayyar Turai da aka kafa sama da rabin karni ta hanyar amfani da Yarjejeniyar Geneva ta 28 ga Yuli 1951 kan Matsayin 'Yan Gudun Hijira. Manufofin gama gari sun bayyana a cikin shekarun 1990 dangane da Yarjejeniyar Schengen (wanda ya hana iyakokin cikin gida) don masu neman mafaka da ba su yi nasara ba a cikin wata Jiha ba za su sake yin amfani da su a cikin wata ba. Manufar ta kowa ta fara ne da Yarjejeniyar Dublin a shekarar 1990. Ya ci gaba da aiwatar da Yurodac da Dokar Dublin a cikin shekarar 2003, da kuma karɓar shawarwari biyu ta Hukumar Tarayyar Turai a watan Oktoba 2009. Koyaya, har zuwa yau, kasashe membobin galibi suna kula da bayarwa da shirya mafaka. Ana kare 'yan gudun hijirar yaki a ƙarƙashin ka'idar kariya ta wucin gadi da Dokar kariya ta Wucin gadi. Tarayyar Turai (EU +) ta karɓi aikace-aikacen mafaka sama da miliyan 1.1 tare da ƙimar ba da matsayin 'yan gudun hijira ko kariya ta mataimakin a kashi 43 cikin dari.

A watan Yunin 2026, Shugaban Hukumar Tarayyar Turai Ursula von der Leyen ya nuna shirye-shiryen canza sharuɗɗan Dokar Tsaro ta Wuri don mayar da martani ga rikicin da ke gudana na Ukraine, wanda ke jagorantar kasashe membobin EU don yin muhawara game da cire sabbin mutanen ƙasar Ukraine masu shekaru 23 zuwa 60 daga kariya ta atomatik don kauce wa lalata ikon tattara ƙasar Ukraine.

ƙasar Faransa

Zagaye mai tsarki a ƙofar Notre-Dame de Paris (Faransa)

A Ƙasar Faransa ita ce ƙasa ta farko da ta kafa haƙƙin tsarin mulki don mafaka, a cikin Mataki na 120 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na shekarar 1793, don "baƙi da aka kore su daga ƙasarsu saboda dalilin 'yanci". Wannan kundin tsarin mulki, duk da haka, bai taɓa aiki ba. Gabatarwa na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na shekarar 1946 ya tabbatar da haƙƙin mafaka ga "duk wanda aka tsananta saboda ayyukansa a cikin hanyar 'yanci". Hakkin mafaka na zamani na Ƙasar Faransa an tabbatar da shi ta hanyar Preamble na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na shekarar 1958, ta hanyar ambaton Preamble of the 1946 Constitution.

Baya ga haƙƙin tsarin mulki na mafaka, Hakkin mafaka na zamani na Ƙasar Faransa (droit d'asile) an tsarkake shi bisa doka da ka'idoji a cikin Dokar Shiga da Gida na Baƙi da na Hakkin Gudanarwa.

Har ila yau, ƙasar Faransa ta bi yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa wacce ke ba da hanyoyin aikace-aikace don haƙƙin mafaka, kamar Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN) ta shakarar 1951 da ta shafi Matsayin 'Yan Gudun Hijira (wanda aka tabbatar a shakarar 1952), ƙarin yarjejeniyar shekarar 1967; sassan K1 da K2 na Yarjejeniyar Maastricht ta shakarar 1992 da kuma Yarjejeniyar Schengen ta shekarar 1985, wanda ya bayyana Manufofin shige da fice na EU. A ƙarshe, an bayyana haƙƙin mafaka ta hanyar Mataki na 18 na Yarjejeniyar Hakki na Ƙungiyar Tarayyar Turai.

Wasu daga cikin ka'idojin da za a iya ƙin aikace-aikacen mafaka sun haɗa da: i) Shigarwa ta hanyar ƙasa ta uku "mai aminci", ii) Kasar Asalin (Mai neman mafaka na iya zama ɗan ƙasar da aka ƙi a baya idan sun kasance 'yan ƙasa na ƙasar da hukumar mafaka ta Faransa OFPRA ta ɗauka "mai aminci"), iii) Barazanar Tsaro (mai tsanani ga tsarin jama'a), ko iv) Aika (amfani da tsarin mafaka don wasu dalilai).

• Ma'anar "tsaron mafaka na ciki": ana iya ƙin buƙatar idan baƙo zai iya amfana daga mafaka ta siyasa a wani ɓangare na yankin ƙasarsu.
• OFPRA (Ofishin ƙasar Faransa na kare 'yan gudun hijira da marasa galihu - Ofishin ƙasar Faransa na Kare 'Yan Gudun Hijira da Mutanen da ba su da Amincewa) 'yanci yana yin jerin sunayen da ake zargi da "kasashe masu aminci" waɗanda ke girmama haƙƙin siyasa da ka'idodin' yanci. Idan mai neman mafaka ya fito ne daga irin wannan ƙasa, ana aiwatar da buƙatar cikin kwanaki 15, kuma ba ta sami kariya ta taimako ba. Za su iya kalubalanci shawarar, amma wannan ba ya dakatar da duk wani umarni na korar su. Jerin farko, wanda aka kafa a watan Yulin 2005, ya haɗa da "ƙasashe masu aminci" Benin, Cape Verde, Ghana, Mali, Tsibirin Mauritius, Indiya, Senegal, Mongolia, Georgia, Ukraine, Bosnia da Croatia. Ya ragu a cikin watanni shida da kusan 80% na yawan masu neman daga waɗannan ƙasashe. Jerin na biyu, wanda ya wuce a watan Yulin 2006, ya hada da Tanzania, Madagascar, Nijar, Albania da Makidoniya.

Duk da yake an ƙuntata shi, an kiyaye haƙƙin mafaka na siyasa a ƙasar Faransa a cikin dokoki daban-daban na hana shige da fice. Wasu mutane suna da'awar cewa, ban da hanyar shari'a kawai, ana amfani da tsarin bureaucratic don ragewa da kuma ƙin abin da za a iya ɗauka a matsayin buƙatun da suka dace. A cewar Le Figaro, ƙasar Faransa ta ba mutane 7,000 matsayin 'yan gudun hijira na siyasa a shekara ta 2006, daga cikin jimlar buƙatun 35,000; a shekara ta 2005, OFPRA da ke kula da bincika halattaccen irin waɗannan buƙatun ta ba da ƙasa da 10,000 daga jimlar buƙatu 50,000. An karɓi 'yan gudun hijira da yawa daga mulkin kama-karya na Kudancin nahiyar Amurka, musamman daga Chile na Augusto Pinochet da Dirty War a Argentina, a cikin 1970s-80s. A lokacin yakin da aka yi a Afghanistan (2001-2021), an ba dubban 'Yan gudun hijirar Afghanistan mafaka a Faransa.

Estonia

A watan Satumbar 2022, Firayim Ministan Estonia Kaja Kallas ya ba da sanarwar cewa Estonia ba za ta ba da mafaka ga 'yan Rasha da ke tserewa daga tattarawar yaki ba, yana mai cewa "Kowane ɗan ƙasa yana da alhakin ayyukan jiharsu, kuma' yan ƙasar Rasha ba su da banda. Saboda haka, ba ma ba da mafakar mutanen Rasha da suka tsere daga ƙasarsu ba. Ya kamata su yi tsayayya da yakin".

Latvia

A watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2023, bayan da wata kungiya ta zartarwa ta yi watsi da ita, kotun Latvia ta amince da aikace-aikacen mafaka na ɗan ƙasar Rasha, wanda ke fuskantar tilastawa a cikin aikin soja na musamman. A baya hukumomi sun tsananta masa saboda goyon bayansa ga dan adawar Rasha Alexei Navalny da kuma matsayinsa na jama'a game da Yaƙin Rasha da Ukraine.

Poland

A watan Fabrairun 2025, Firayim Ministan Poland Donald Tusk ya sanar da Shugaban Hukumar Tarayyar Turai Ursula von der Leyen cewa Poland za ta ki aiwatar da Yarjejeniyar Tsaro da Shige da Fice ta Tarayyar Tarayyar, musamman ta ki amincewa da ƙaura da masu neman mafaka 30,000 ko kuma madadin hukuncin kudi na Yuro miliyan 600, yana mai nuna yawan 'Yan gudun hijirar Ukraine da Poland ta riga ta karɓa.

A watan Maris na shekara ta 2025, Poland ta dakatar da haƙƙin neman mafaka a kan iyakar Belarus da Poland, tare da Hukumar Tarayyar Turai da ke tallafawa matakin Poland.

Ƙasar Ingila

Ragowar ɗaya daga cikin alamun iyakar dutse guda huɗu na tsarkakewa na Saint John na Beverley a Gabashin Riding na YorkshireGabashin Hanyar Yorkshire

In the 19th century, the United Kingdom accorded political asylum to various persecuted people, among whom were many members of the socialist movement (including Karl Marx). With the 1845 attempted bombing of the Greenwich Royal Observatory and the 1911 Siege of Sidney Street in the context of the propaganda of the deed (anarchist) actions, political asylum was restricted.

Amurka

Amurka ta amince da haƙƙin mafaka na mutane kamar yadda dokar kasa da kasa da ta tarayya ta ƙayyade. Dangane da dokar kasa da kasa, Amurka tana la'akari da 'yan takarar mafaka bisa ga tsanantawa ko tsoro za a tsananta musu saboda launin fata, addini, ƙasa, da / ko kasancewa memba a cikin wani rukuni na zamantakewa ko ra'ayi na siyasa.

Kowace shekara, Shugaban Amurka ya ƙayyade yawan 'yan gudun hijira da aka ƙayyade bisa doka waɗanda aka ba su matsayin' yan gudun hijira a waje da Amurka don a shigar da su cikin ƙasar a ƙarƙashin 8 U.S.C. §. Daga cikin wadannan, ofisoshin UNHCR a duk duniya suna ba da shawarar da yawa don sake zama. Adadin 'yan gudun hijira da aka shigar a shekara-shekara ya bambanta daga shekara zuwa shekara kuma an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar hadin gwiwa tsakanin gwamnatin shugaban kasa da ke mulki da Majalisa. Sabanin haka, Amurka ba ta tilasta irin wannan adadin ga masu neman mafaka. Maimakon haka, yawan tallafin mafaka na shekara-shekara ya dogara da haɗuwa da yawan mutane da ke gabatar da aikace-aikace da kuma yawan mutane da za su iya tabbatar da ikirarin mafaka.

Dangane da dokar Amurka, mutane sun cancanci matsayin mafaka bisa ga waɗannan sharuɗɗa:

• Gamu da ma'anar 'yan gudun hijira
• Sun riga sun kasance a cikin Amurka
• Suna neman shiga tashar jiragen ruwa

Akwai manyan nau'ikan mafaka guda biyu wanda mai nema zai iya nema a karkashin dokar Amurka: mafaka mai tabbatarwa da mafaka mai karewa. Don neman mafaka mai tabbatarwa, masu neman dole ne su kasance a zahiri a Amurka, ba tare da la'akari da matsayin shige da fice na yanzu ba. A mafi yawan lokuta, dole ne a shigar da aikace-aikacen mafaka na tabbatarwa a cikin shekara guda bayan isowa Amurka. Sau da yawa ana shigar da mafaka ta hanyar mutane da ke neman neman karewa daga cirewa ko korar daga Amurka. Babban bambanci tsakanin waɗannan matakai biyu shine ko an fara aiwatar da cirewa ga mai nema. Idan an sanya mutum a cikin tsarin cirewa dole ne ya nemi mafaka. Idan ba a sanya mutum a cikin tsarin cirewa ba, suna iya neman mafaka mai tabbatarwa.

The majority of asylum claims fail or are rejected. Still, since World War II, more refugees have found homes in the United States than any other nation. "Since the passage of the Refugee Act in 1980... the United States has admitted more than 3.1 million refugees." During much of the 1990s, the United States accepted over 100,000 refugees per year, though this figure has recently decreased to around 50,000 per year in the first decade of the 21st century, due to greater security concerns. As for asylum seekers, the latest statistics show that 86,400 persons sought sanctuary in the United States in 2001. Before the September 11 attacks in 2001, individual asylum applicants were evaluated in private proceedings by officers of the former Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). In the aftermath of the attacks, the United States established three distinct organizations that each handle a different aspect of US immigration law, including the US Citizenship & Immigration Services (USCIS), Immigration & Customs Enforcement (ICE), and Customs & Border Protection (CFB). Asylum applications are handled by the USCIS.

Despite this, concerns have been raised with the US asylum and refugee determination processes.  A recent empirical analysis by three legal scholars described the US asylum process as a game of refugee roulette; that is to say that the outcome of asylum determinations depends in large part on the personality of the particular adjudicator to whom an application is randomly assigned, rather than on the merits of the case. The very low numbers of Iraqi refugees accepted between 2003 and 2007 exemplifies concerns about the United States' refugee processes. The Foreign Policy Association reported that:

Tarihi

Masarawa, Helenawa da Ibraniyawa sun amince da "dama na mafaka" na addini, kare mutane (ciki har da wadanda ake zargi da aikata laifi) daga hukunci mai tsanani. Wannan ka'idar daga baya cocin Kirista da aka kafa ta karɓa, kuma an samar da dokoki daban-daban waɗanda suka ba da cikakken bayani game da yadda za a cancanci kariya da kuma irin matakin kariya da mutum zai samu.

Majalisar Orleans ta yanke shawarar a cikin 511, a gaban Clovis I, cewa za a iya ba da mafaka ga duk wanda ya nemi mafaka a cikin coci ko a kan dukiyar coci, ko a gidan bishop. An ba da wannan kariya ga masu kisan kai, ɓarayi da masu zina.

Ingila ta Tsakiya

Alamar a St. Mary Magdalene Chapel, Dingli, Malta, yana nuna cewa ɗakin sujada bai ji daɗin kariya ta coci ba

Wani lokaci mai laifi dole ne ya isa ɗakin sujada da kansa don a kare shi, ko kuma ya buga wani kararrawa, ya riƙe wani zobe ko ƙofar-knocker, ko ya zauna a kan wani kujera ("frithstool"). Wasu daga cikin wadannan abubuwa sun tsira a majami'u daban-daban. A wani wuri kuma, wurin ibada da aka gudanar a wani yanki a kusa da cocin ko masallaci, wani lokacin yana fadadawa a cikin radius zuwa kusan mil da rabi. Dutsen "crossos na tsarkakewa" ya nuna iyakokin yankin; wasu gicciye har yanzu suna nan. Ta haka ne zai iya zama tseren tsakanin mai laifi da jami'an shari'a na zamani zuwa iyakar wuri mai tsarki mafi kusa. Yin hidima ga adalci a kan rundunar ƙafa na iya tabbatar da wani abu mai wahala.

An tsara wuraren ibada na coci ta hanyar doka ta al'ada. Mai neman mafaka dole ne ya furta zunubansa, ya mika makamansa, kuma ya ba da izinin kula da coci ko ƙungiyar abbey tare da iko. Masu neman suna da kwanaki arba'in don yanke shawarar ko za su mika wuya ga hukumomin duniya kuma su fuskanci shari'a saboda laifuffukan da ake zargi da su, ko kuma su furta laifuffukansu, ku yi watsi da mulkin, kuma su tafi gudun hijira ta hanyar mafi ƙanƙanta kuma kada su dawo ba tare da izinin sarki ba. Wadanda suka dawo sun fuskanci kisa a karkashin doka ko kuma korar su daga Cocin.

Idan wadanda ake zargi sun zaɓi su furta laifin su da kuma musantawa, sun yi hakan a cikin bikin jama'a, yawanci a ƙofofin coci. Za su mika dukiyarsu ga cocin, da duk wani dukiya ga Crown. Mai binciken, jami'in zamani, zai zaɓi tashar jiragen ruwa daga inda ya kamata mai tsere ya bar Ingila (ko da yake mai tsere wani lokacin yana da wannan dama). Mai tsere zai tashi ba tare da kafafu ba kuma ba tare da kai ba, yana ɗauke da gicciye na katako a matsayin alama ta kariya a ƙarƙashin Cocin. A ka'ida za su zauna a babbar hanyar, su isa tashar jiragen ruwa kuma su dauki jirgin farko daga Ingila. A aikace, duk da haka, mai gudu zai iya samun nisa mai aminci, ya watsar da ma'aikatan giciye ya tashi ya fara sabuwar rayuwa. Koyaya, mutum zai iya ɗauka lafiya cewa abokai da dangi na wanda aka azabtar sun san wannan makircin kuma za su yi duk abin da za su iya don tabbatar da cewa wannan bai faru ba; ko kuma cewa 'yan gudun hijirar ba su taɓa isa tashar da aka nufa ba, sun zama wadanda ke fama da adalci mai tsattsauran ra'ayi a ƙarƙashin kamar mai tsere wanda ya yi nisa da babbar hanyar yayin da yake ƙoƙarin "tserewa".

Sanin zaɓuɓɓuka masu banƙyama, wasu 'yan gudun hijira sun ƙi zaɓin biyu kuma sun zaɓi tserewa daga mafaka kafin kwanaki arba'in suka ƙare. Sauran kawai ba su yi wani zaɓi ba kuma ba su yi komai ba. Tun da yake ba bisa ka'ida ba ne ga abokan wanda aka azabtar su shiga mafaka, cocin zai hana mai gudu abinci da ruwa har sai an yanke shawara.

A cikin karni na 14, 'yan gudun hijira da ke da'awar wuri mai tsarki an kare su da doka ta 1315, Articuli Cleri (9 Edw. 2. Stat. 1). An tsara cewa ya kamata a ba da izinin 'yan gudun hijira su shiga waje da cocin don yin fitsari da zubar da ruwa, kuma kada a ba su izinin mutuwa saboda yunwa yayin da ake kare su a cocin. Ana iya tabbatar da wuri mai tsarki ne kawai a ƙarƙashin ikirari ga mai shaida. Koyaya, ana watsi da haƙƙin tsarkakewa sau da yawa kamar Isabella na Bury, ko manoma a lokacin juyin juya halin manoma waɗanda suka nemi mafaka. A game da Richard Folville, an fille kansa da zarar an cire shi daga coci.   A lokacin Yaƙe-yaƙe na Roses, lokacin da Yorkists ko Lancastrians za su sami rinjaye ba zato ba tsammani ta hanyar cin nasara a yaƙi, wasu masu bin gefen da suka rasa na iya samun kansu kewaye da masu bin ɗayan kuma ba za su iya komawa gefen su ba. Bayan sun fahimci wannan halin za su gaggauta zuwa wuri mai tsarki a cocin da ya fi kusa har sai ya kasance lafiya don fitowa. Misali na farko shine Sarauniya Elizabeth Woodville, matar Edward IV na Ingila.

A cikin 1470, lokacin da Lancastrians suka mayar da Henry VI ga kursiyin, Sarauniya Elizabeth tana zaune a London tare da 'ya'ya mata da yawa. Ta koma tare da su zuwa Westminster don wuri mai tsarki, tana zaune a can cikin ta'aziyya ta sarauta har sai an mayar da Edward IV zuwa kursiyin a cikin 1471 kuma ta haifi ɗansu na farko Edward V a wannan lokacin. Lokacin da Sarki Edward IV ya mutu a shekara ta 1483, Elizabeth (wanda ba a yarda da shi ba har ma da Yorkists kuma mai yiwuwa yana buƙatar kariya) ya ɗauki 'ya'yanta mata biyar da ƙarami (Richard, Duke na York) kuma ya sake komawa cikin wuri mai tsarki a Westminster. Don tabbatar da cewa tana da duk abubuwan jin daɗi na gida, ta kawo kayan aiki da yawa da akwati da yawa cewa ma'aikata dole ne su buga ramuka a wasu ganuwar don samun komai cikin sauri don dacewa da ita.   Henry na takwas ya canza ka'idojin mafaka ta hanyar Dokar Sanctuaries Act 1540 (32 Hen. 8. c. 12), yana rage zuwa gajeren jerin nau'ikan laifuka waɗanda aka ba mutane damar neman mafaka. Tsarin mafaka na zamani ya ƙare gaba ɗaya ta hanyar James VI da ni a cikin 1623 ta sashi na 7 na Ci gaba, da dai sauransu na Dokar Dokoki ta 1623 (21 Jas. 1. c. 28).