Daidaitawa
 Daidaitawa | |
|---|---|
political ideology (en)  da Makarantar tunani | |
| Bayanai | |
| Filin aiki | political philosophy (en) |
| Has goal (en) | daidaito |
Daidaidawa (daga Faransa égal 'daidai'; kuma daidaitawa) makaranta ce ta tunani a cikin falsafar siyasa da ta gina kan manufar daidaiton zamantakewa, wanda ke ba da fifiko ga kowa da kowa.[1] Koyarwar daidaitawa gabaɗaya ana siffanta su da ra'ayin cewa dukkan mutane daidai suke da ƙimar asali ko matsayi na ɗabi'a.[2] Don haka ya kamata a ba wa dukkan mutane hakki da kuma mu'amala a karkashin doka.[3] Koyarwar daidaitawa sun goyi bayan ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa da yawa na zamani, waɗanda suka haɗa da Haskakawa, Feminism, yancin ɗan adam, da haƙƙin ɗan adam na duniya. Adalci shine tushen siyasar hagu.
Wani mahimmin al'amari na daidaito shine fifikon sa akan dama daidai ga kowa da kowa, ba tare da la'akari da asalinsu ko yanayinsu ba. Wannan yana nufin tabbatar da cewa kowa ya sami damar samun albarkatu iri ɗaya, ilimi, da damar samun nasara a rayuwa. Ta hanyar inganta daidaitattun damammaki, daidaito na nufin daidaita filin wasa da kuma rage rarrabuwar kawuna daga rashin daidaiton zamantakewa.[4]
Siffofin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wasu abubuwan da suka shafi daidaito na musamman sun haɗa da gurguzu, daidaiton doka, daidaiton sa'a, daidaiton siyasa, daidaiton jinsi, daidaiton launin fata, daidaiton dama, da daidaiton Kiristanci. Siffofin daidaito na gama gari sun haɗa da siyasa da falsafa.[5]
Daidaitawar doka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wata hujja ita ce, 'yancin walwala yana samar da al'ummomin dimokuradiyya da hanyoyin aiwatar da gyare-gyare na jama'a ta hanyar samar da tsarin bunkasa manufofin jama'a da kuma samar da ingantattun yanayi ga daidaikun mutane don cimma •'yancin ɗan adam. Akwai manyan nau'ikan •daidaito guda biyu:[6]
Daidaito na yau da kullun: daidaitattun tushen cancantar daidaitattun dama.
Mahimmanci daidaici: ya nisantar da kwatancen tushen cancantar mutum zuwa daidaiton sakamako ga ƙungiyoyi da daidaiton zamantakewa.
Daidaiton mutum
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dokar Haƙƙin Ingilishi na 1689 da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka suna amfani da kalmar mutum kawai a cikin harshe mai aiki wanda ya ƙunshi haƙƙoƙin asali da nauyi, ban da magana game da maza a cikin Dokar Haƙƙin Ingilishi game da maza kan shari'a don cin amanar kasa; da tsarin wakilcin majalissar wakilai a cikin Kwaskwarima na 14 ga Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka.
A matsayin sauran Kundin Tsarin Mulki, a cikin harshen aikin sa Kwaskwarima na 14 ga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka yana amfani da kalmar mutum, yana mai cewa “kuma ba wata Jiha ta hana kowane mutum rai, ’yanci, ko dukiya, ba tare da bin ka’idar doka ba; kuma ba ta hana kowane mutum da ke cikin ikonta daidai da kariyar doka ba”[7]
Daidaiton jinsi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An yi amfani da taken "Liberté, égalité, fraternité" a lokacin juyin juya halin Faransa kuma har yanzu ana amfani da shi azaman taken gwamnatin Faransa. Sanarwar 1789 na Haƙƙin Dan Adam da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Faransa kuma an tsara shi tare da wannan tushe a daidaicin haƙƙin ɗan adam.
Sanarwar 'yancin kai na Amurka misali ne na tabbatar da daidaiton maza a matsayin "Dukan maza an halicce su daidai" kuma lafazin maza da namiji yana nuni ne ga maza da mata, wato, 'yan adam. John Locke wani lokaci ana daukarsa a matsayin wanda ya kafa wannan tsari. Yawancin tsarin mulki na jihohi a Amurka kuma suna amfani da haƙƙin harshen mutum maimakon haƙƙin mutum[abubuwan da ake buƙata] tun da sunan namiji ya kasance yana nuni ne ga kuma haɗa duka maza da mata.
Kundin tsarin mulkin kasar Tunusiya na shekarar 2014 ya tanadi cewa "maza da mata za su kasance daidai da hakkokinsu da ayyukansu".
Falsafar daidaito ce ke sanar da mata ta hanyar falsafar daidaito, kasancewar falsafar daidaita jinsi. Feminism yana bambanta da daidaito ta hanyar kasancewa a matsayin motsi na siyasa da zamantakewa.[8]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ egalitarian". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
- ↑ "Egalitarianism". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab. Stanford University. 2019.
- ↑ Robertson, David (2007). The Routledge Dictionary of Politics. Routledge Taylor and Francis Group. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-415-32377-2.
- ↑ Ball, Terence (2005). The Cambridge History of Twentieth-Century Political Thought (Reprint. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 612–614. ISBN 9780521563543. Retrieved 15 November 2016
- ↑ Arneson, Richard (2013), "Egalitarianism", in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2013 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 18 June 2022
- ↑ De Vos, M. (2020). The European Court of Justice and the march towards substantive equality in European Union anti-discrimination law. International Journal of Discrimination and the Law, 20(1), 62-87.
- ↑ 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Civil Rights (1868)". National Archives. 7 September 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
- ↑ Fiss, Owen (1994). "What is feminism". Arizona State Law Journal. 26: 413–428 – via HeinOnline