tro

See also: Appendix:Variations of "tro"

Languages (20)

Translingual • English

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Catalan • Champenois • Cornish • Danish • Esperanto • Garo • Ido • Louisiana Creole • Mauritian Creole • Norman • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Old French • Portuguese • Scottish Gaelic • Swedish • Vietnamese • Welsh

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Abbreviation of English Tarao.

Symbol

tro

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Tarao.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Tarao terms

English

Etymology

From Khmer ទ្រ (trɔɔ).

Noun

tro (plural tros)

1. A type of spike fiddle made from traditionally used in Cambodia and played vertically.

See also

• tro tro

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Old Catalan tro, from Vulgar Latin *tronus, a noun based on Vulgar Latin *tronāre, modification of Latin tonāre (“to thunder”) (with the additional /r/ perhaps by analogy with *tronitus, metathesis of tonitrus). Compare Spanish trueno, Portuguese trom.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈtɾo̞]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈtɾɔ]

• Audio (Catalonia):

  (file)

Noun

tro m (plural trons)

1. thunder

Related terms

• tronar

References

• “tro”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “tro”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “tro” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “tro”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Champenois

Alternative forms

• (Rémois) treu

Numeral

tro

1. (Langrois) three

References

• Daunay, Jean (1998), Parlers de Champagne : Pour un classement thématique du vocabulaire des anciens parlers de Champagne (Aube - Marne - Haute-Marne)‎^[2] (in French), Rumilly-lés-Vaudes

Cornish

Etymology

From Middle Cornish tro, from Proto-Brythonic *tro, of unclear origin. Cognate with Breton and Welsh tro.

Noun

tro f (plural troyow)

1. turn, cycle, round, occasion
2. (film) take

Derived terms

• bys dhe'n nessa tro (“until next time”)
• rag tro (“makeshift”)
• tro askel (“helicopter”)
• trolergh (“footpath”)
• war neb tro (“at any time”)

Mutation

Mutation of tro

radical	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed
tro	dro	thro	unchanged	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• “tro” in Cornish Dictionary / Gerlyver Kernewek, Akademi Kernewek.

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /troːˀ/, [ˈtsʁo̰ː], [ˈtˢʁ̥oˀ]

Etymology 1

From Old Danish tro, late Old Norse trú, either a native derivation from the verb or borrowed from Middle Low German trouwe, trūwe, from Proto-Germanic *trewwō (“fidelity, pledge”), cognate with English truce, German Treue (“loyalty”).

Noun

tro c (singular definite troen, not used in plural form)

1. belief
2. confidence
3. trust
4. faith

   Ingen kultur eller civilisation uden tro på guder. ― No culture or civilization without faith in gods.

Declension

Declension of tro

common gender	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	tro	troen
genitive	tros	troens

See also

• tro on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^da

Etymology 2

From Old Norse trúa, from Proto-Germanic *trūwāną (“to trust”), cognate with English trow and German trauen. Derived from the adjective *trūaz (“trustful”), see below.

Verb

tro (past tense troede, past participle troet)

1. to believe
2. to think

Conjugation

Conjugation of tro

active passive infinitive tro tros present tror tros past troede troedes imperative tro — participle present troende past (have / havde) troet gerund troen

Etymology 3

From Old Norse trúr, from Proto-Germanic *trūaz (“trustful”), related to Proto-Germanic *trewwaz (“loyal, trustworthy”).

Adjective

tro (neuter tro, plural and definite singular attributive tro)

1. faithful
2. true
3. loyal
4. accurate, close

Further reading

• “tro” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “tro” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Esperanto

Etymology

Borrowed from French trop and Italian troppo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tro/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -o
• Syllabification: tro

Adverb

tro

1. too much

   Antonym: maltro

   nek tro nek maltro ― neither too much nor too little

Derived terms

• troa; maltroa
• troaĵo; maltroaĵo
• trodozo
• troege, troe; maltroege
• troete; maltroete
• troiga; maltroiga
• troige; maltroige
• troigi; maltroigi
• troigo; maltroigo
• troiĝi; maltroiĝi
• trouzi

Further reading

• “tro”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
• “tro”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026

Garo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

tro

1. era, period, generation

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto tro, French trop, Italian troppo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tro/

Adverb

tro

1. too (much)

   Elua filiino irus, ma la voyo esas tro longa. ― Her daughter would go, but the road is too long.

Louisiana Creole

Etymology

Inherited from French trop (“too much”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɾo/
• Rhymes: -o

Adverb

tro

1. too much

   Synonym: tro bokou

Mauritian Creole

Etymology

From French trop.

Adverb

tro

1. too; too much (more than enough)

References

• Baker, Philip; Hookoomsing, Vinesh Y. (1987), Diksiyoner kreol morisyeṅ [Mauritian Creole Dictionary] (in French and English), Paris: L'Harmattan, →ISBN, page 324
• Carpooran, Arnaud (2011), Diksioner Morisien [Mauritian Dictionary] (in Mauritian Creole), second edition, Éditions Le Printemps, →ISBN, page 1058

Norman

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Norse trog.

Noun

tro m (plural tros)

1. (Jersey) kneading trough

   Synonym: tro à pain

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtruː], [ˈtɾuː], [ˈtʁuː]

Etymology 1

From Old Norse trú (noun), trúa (verb), and trúr (adjective). Cognates of the verb include English trow, German trauen, and Dutch trouwen.

Alternative forms

• tru

Adjective

tro (indeclinable)

1. faithful, loyal

   Antonym: utro

Derived terms

• naturtro
• troskap

Noun

tro f or m (definite singular troa or troen, uncountable)

1. belief, faith
2. trust, confidence

   Han har troa på at det skal gå bra.

   He has faith that it will go well.

Derived terms

• folketro
• gudstro
• overtro
• troverdig

Verb

tro (present tense tror, past tense trodde, past participle trodd, present participle troende)

1. to think, believe
2. to imagine, suppose
3. to have faith

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms

• trådde, trådte

Verb

tro

1. simple past of trå

References

• “tro” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse þró. Akin to obsolete English through.

Noun

tro f (definite singular troa, indefinite plural trør, definite plural trørne)

1. an oblong trough to give livestock drink and fodder
2. (especially in compounds) a wooden water drain

Etymology 2

From Old Norse tróð.

Noun

tro n (definite singular troet, uncountable)

1. (collective) woodwork roofing
2. (collective) stakes

Related terms

• troe

Etymology 3

From Old Norse trǫð, same as trø.

Noun

tro f (definite singular troa, indefinite plural troer, definite plural troene)

1. a place or location that is literally downtrodden

Etymology 4

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms

• trod (non-standard since 2012)

Verb

tro

1. (non-standard since 2012) past tense of tre, treda and trede
2. (non-standard since 2012) past tense of trå

References

• “tro” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• ort, rot, ròt, tor, Tor

Old French

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *traucum (“hole”) (compare Late Latin traugum in the Capitularies of Charlemagne). Further origin uncertain. Possibly of Germanic or Celtic origin. Compare German Trog (“trough”), English trug, trough, all from Proto-Germanic *trugaz.

Noun

tro oblique singular, m (oblique plural tros, nominative singular tros, nominative plural tro)

1. hole (gap in something)

Descendants

• French: trou
• Walloon: trô

References

• Etymology and history of “trou”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Portuguese

Etymology

Possibly borrowed from French trop.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈtɾo/

• Rhymes: -o

Adverb

tro

1. (Rio Grande do Sul, obsolete) too, too much

   Synonym: demasiado

Scottish Gaelic

Alternative forms

• troimh, treimh, thro, throimh

Etymology

From Old Irish tremi, tre, from Proto-Celtic *trimo-, *trei, from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t̪ʰɾɔ/, /t̪ʰɾə/
• (Southern Hebridean, much of Skye) IPA^(key): /ɾɔ/, [ɾɔ̝] (corresponding to the form thro; conflated with ro)

Preposition

tro (+ dative, triggers lenition, combined with the singular definite article tron)

1. through

Inflection

Personal inflection of tro

	Person:		simple	emphatic
singular	first		tromham	tromhamsa
	second		tromhad	tromhadsa
	third	m	troimhe	troimhesan
		f	troimhpe	troimhpese
plural	first		tromhainn	tromhainne
	second		tromhaibh	tromhaibhse
	third		tromhpa	tromhpasan

Derived terms

• troimh-a-chèile

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /truː/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uː

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish trō, from Old Norse trú, from Proto-Germanic *trewwō.

Noun

tro c (uncountable)

1. belief (that something is true or real (without being perfectly certain))

   Min tro är att han är skyldig

   My belief is that he's guilty

   hennes tro på tomten

   her belief in Santa Claus

2. belief, faith, trust (thinking that someone is reliable or telling the truth)

   blind tro på auktoriteter

   blind faith in authorities

3. belief, faith (thinking that someone or something will or has the capacity to do well or turn out well)

   Jag vill känna tro på framtiden

   I want to have faith in the future

   • 1996, Marie Fredriksson, “Tro [Faith]”, in I en tid som vår [In a time like ours]‎^[3]:

     Tro. Jag vill känna tro. Jag vill känna morgondagen nalkas här i lugn och ro.

     Faith [ambiguous, but likely faith in the future going on the rest of the lyrics]. I want to feel faith. I want to feel tomorrow approaching [in, not to] here with peace of mind (in peace and tranquility).

4. religious faith

   den kristna tron

   the Christian faith

   vara stark i tron

   be strong in the faith

   Ingen kultur eller civilisation utan tro på gudar

   No culture or civilization without faith in gods

5. (dated) allegiance

   svära konungen tro och loven

   swear allegiance to the king

Usage notes

The base meaning is belief (compare the verb below). Swedish does not use a separate word for religious faith. Context dictates whether religious faith, belief in something else, or for example faith in the future (belief that the future will turn out okay) is meant.

Declension

Declension of tro

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	tro	tros
	definite	tron	trons
plural	indefinite	—	—
	definite	—	—

Derived terms

• god tro
• ond tro
• trofast
• trohet
• trosfrihet
• troslära
• trossamfund

Etymology 2

From Old Swedish trōa, trōa, from Old Norse trúa, from Proto-Germanic *trūwāną.

Verb

tro (present tror, preterite trodde, supine trott, imperative tro)

1. to believe, (in the sense of "to believe") to think (think that something is true or real (without being perfectly certain))

   Jag tror han skulle komma vid sextiden

   I think he was going to come around six o'clock

   Hon trodde att Oslo var Danmarks huvudstad

   She thought that Oslo was the capital of Denmark

   Hon tror fortfarande på tomten

   She still believes in Santa Claus

   Det har trotts mycket kring den här utvecklingen, men det har inte varit fastslaget i data vad som verkligen håller på att ske – förrän nu

   Much has been speculated ("believed") concerning this development, but it hasn't been proven by data what really is happening – until now

   tro alla om gott

   think well of everybody

   tro något om någon

   believe something of someone

2. to believe, to trust (someone) (think that they are telling the truth)

   Jag tror dig

   I believe you

   Jag tror dig inte

   I don't believe you

   • 1987, Di Leva, “Vem ska jag tro på? [Who should I trust?]”, in Vem ska jag tro på?‎^[4]:

     Vem ska jag tro på, tro på, tro på när, tro på när allt är så här?

     Who should I trust, trust, trust when, trust when everything's like this?

3. to believe (in) (think that someone or something will or has the capacity to do well or turn out well)

   tro på någon

   believe in someone

   tro på framtiden

   have faith in the future

   • 1994, Uno Svenningsson, “Tro på varann [Believe in Each Other]”, in Uno‎^[5], performed by Uno Svenningsson and Eva Dahlgren:

     Du [used as a vocative here], jag vill att vi tror på varann.

     Hey, I want us to believe in each other.

4. to have religious faith

   Tvivla inte utan tro!

   Doubt not, believe!

   Tror du på Gud?

   Do you believe in God?

   – Vi tror han är skyldig. – Tror? Tro får man göra i kyrkan.

   – We believe he is guilty. – Believe? Believing is for church ("Believe may one do in church"). (common jocular quip)

Conjugation

Conjugation of tro (weak)

	active		passive
infinitive	tro		tros
supine	trott		trotts
imperative	tro		—
imper. plural1	tron		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	tror	trodde	tros	troddes
ind. plural1	tro	trodde	tros	troddes
subjunctive2	tro	trodde	tros	troddes
present participle		troende
past participle		trodd

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Derived terms

• troende
• trolig
• tro't
• trovärdig

See also

• tycka ("think" in the sense of "be of the opinion")
• tänka ("think" in the sense of "think to oneself, have a thought (process) in one's head")

References

• “tro”, in Svensk ordbok [Dictionary of Swedish] (in Swedish)
• “tro”, in Svenska Akademiens ordlista [Wordlist of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• “tro”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)

Anagrams

• Tor, ort, rot

Vietnamese

Alternative forms

• (Northern Vietnam) gio

Etymology

From Proto-Vietic *p-lɔː. Attested as blo in Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651).

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕɔ˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʈɔ˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʈɔ˧˧]

• Audio (Saigon):

  (file)

Noun

tro • (𱪵, 𬊐, 爐, 烣, 𱪳, 𤉕, 𱬜)

1. ash (solid remains of a fire)

See also

• bôi tro trét trấu
• nước tro
• tro bụi
• tro tàn
• tro trấu
• xám tro

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /troː/
• Rhymes: -oː

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *tro, related to Middle Breton tro and middle Cornish tro. The ultimate origin is unclear; sometimes said to be from Ancient Greek Τροία (Troía, “Troy”), referring to the city's maze-like walls, but this could just be a similarity enforced by folk etymology. It could instead be from corruptions of troed (“foot”), Latin torqueō (“to turn”), or Latin tropus/Ancient Greek τρόπος (trópos, “a turn”). Also compare French troller (“to stroll, drag, wander about”). More at Caerdroia.

Noun

tro m (plural troeon or troeau or troau)

1. bend, turn, curve

   Synonyms: osgo, troad, ystum

2. twist, kink

   tro yn y gynffon ― twist in the tale

3. turn, go

   fy nhro i ― my turn

   dy dro di ― your turn

4. time

   yr ail dro ― the second time

   y tro diwethaf ― last time

   Tan y tro nesa! ― Until next time!

5. lap (of a race)
6. walk (as recreation or exercise)

   mynd am dro ― to go for a walk

Derived terms

• am dro (“for now, for the time being”)
• am dro byd (“for a long time”)
• am fyr dro (“in a short time, very soon, in a jiffy”)
• am y tro (“for now, for the time being”)
• ar dro (“in turns, alternately, occasionally; on a walk, on one's way”)
• ar y tro (“at a time”)
• cogwrn tro (“screw; vice”)
• dros dro (“temporary, temporarily”)
• gwyrdro (“distortion”)
• gyddfdro (“wryneck”)
• o dro i dro (“from time to time, occasionally”)
• rhoi dau dro am (“to run rings around”)
• tro pedol (“U-turn”)
• tro trwsgl, tro trwstan (“awkward moment, faux pas”)
• trobwll (“whirlpool”)
• trofwrdd (“turntable”)
• y tro yma (“this time”)

Related terms

• troi

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

tro

1. inflection of troi:
   1. third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. second-person singular imperative

Mutation

Mutated forms of tro

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
tro	dro	nhro	thro

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.