raj

See also: ráj, Raj, рај, and рай

Translingual

Symbol

raj

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Rajasthani.

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Hindi राज (rāj), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-. Doublet of rex, rich, and others.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɹɑːd͡ʒ/, (hyperforeign) /ɹɑːʒ/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːdʒ
• Homophones: Rog, Raj

Noun

raj (uncountable)

1. (South Asia) Reign; rule.

Derived terms

• British Raj, Raj
• jungle raj
• panchayati raj

Anagrams

• JAR, JRA, ajr, jar

Hungarian

Etymology

Borrowed from a Slavic language. Compare Serbo-Croatian roj. Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *rojь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈrɒj]
• Rhymes: -ɒj
• Hyphenation: raj

Noun

raj (plural rajok)

1. (of bees and other insects) swarm, (of birds) flock, (of fish) school (a group of specific animals)
2. (military) squad, section, squadron (with approx. 13 people)

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	raj	rajok
accusative	rajt	rajokat
dative	rajnak	rajoknak
instrumental	rajjal	rajokkal
causal-final	rajért	rajokért
translative	rajjá	rajokká
terminative	rajig	rajokig
essive-formal	rajként	rajokként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	rajban	rajokban
superessive	rajon	rajokon
adessive	rajnál	rajoknál
illative	rajba	rajokba
sublative	rajra	rajokra
allative	rajhoz	rajokhoz
elative	rajból	rajokból
delative	rajról	rajokról
ablative	rajtól	rajoktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	rajé	rajoké
non-attributive possessive – plural	rajéi	rajokéi

Possessive forms of raj

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	rajom	rajaim
2nd person sing.	rajod	rajaid
3rd person sing.	raja	rajai
1st person plural	rajunk	rajaink
2nd person plural	rajotok	rajaitok
3rd person plural	rajuk	rajaik

Coordinate terms

• (collective terms for animals) csapat and sereg (generic), csorda, csürhe, falka, gulya, horda, konda, ménes, nyáj, raj

• (military units) őrs/tűzcsoport < raj < szakasz < század < zászlóalj < ezred < dandár < hadosztály < hadtest < hadsereg < hadseregcsoport < front

Derived terms

• rajnyi
• rajong
• rajzik

Compound words

• hajóraj
• halraj
• méhraj

Further reading

• raj in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Livonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *rahi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɑˀj/, [ˈrɑˀi̯]

Noun

ra’j

1. chair, seat

Declension

Declension of ra’j (122)

	singular (ikšlu’g)	plural (pǟgiņlu’g)
nominative (nominatīv)	ra’j	ra’jd
genitive (genitīv)	ra’j	ra’jd
partitive (partitīv)	ra’jjõ	ra’jḑi
dative (datīv)	ra’jjõn	ra’jdõn
instrumental (instrumentāl)	ra’jjõks	ra’jdõks
illative (illatīv)	ra’jjõ	ra’jži
inessive (inesīv)	ra’jsõ	ra’jši
elative (elatīv)	ra’jstõ	ra’jšti

References

• Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “ra’j”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎^[1] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra

Maltese

Root
w-r-j
10 terms

Etymology

Inherited from Arabic رَأْي (raʔy).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /raj/
• Homophone: ragħaj (one pronunciation)
• Rhymes: -aj

Noun

raj m

1. opinion
2. one's free will, volition, intent

Usage notes

• Generally used in the construction minn raj- + pronominal suffix. For example: Għamluha minn rajhom. (“They did it voluntarily/deliberately.”)

Marshallese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Oceanic *rato

Proto-Micronesian *rato

Marshallese raj

From Proto-Micronesian *rato, from Proto-Oceanic *rato.

Pronunciation

• (phonetics) IPA^(key): [rˠɑtʲ]
• (phonemic) IPA^(key): /rˠætʲ/
• Bender phonemes: {raj}

Noun

raj

1. whale

References

• Abo, Takaji; Bender Byron W.; Capelle, Alfred; DeBrum, Tony (2009–), “raj”, in Marshallese–English Online Dictionary‎^[2]

Mokilese

Verb

raj

1. (stative) to be equal, even

References

• Harrison, Sheldon P.; Albert, Salich Y. (1977), Mokilese-English Dictionary‎^[3], Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, →ISBN, page 220

Polish

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈraj/

• (Masovia):
  • (Far Masovian) IPA^(key): [ˈraj]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aj
• Syllabification: raj

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rajь.

Noun

raj m inan

1. paradise

   Synonyms: eden, rajski ogród

   wrota raju ― gates to paradise

   istny raj ― true paradise

   raj utracony ― paradise lost

   wygnanie z raju ― expulsion from paradise

   raje podatkowe ― tax havens (lit. tax paradises)

2. heaven

   Synonyms: niebiosa, niebo

   raj na ziemi ― heaven on earth

Declension

Declension of raj

	singular	plural
nominative	raj	raje
genitive	raju	rajów
dative	rajowi	rajom
accusative	raj	raje
instrumental	rajem	rajami
locative	raju	rajach
vocative	raju	raje

Etymology 2

Back-formation from rajca.

Noun

raj m pers (diminutive rajek)

1. (Far Masovian, Łomża) synonym of swat

Derived terms

adjective

• rajski

phrase

• baju, baju, będziesz w raju

proverb

• chciałaby dusza do raju

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

raj

1. second-person singular imperative of raić

Further reading

• “raj”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[4] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “raj”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[5] (in Polish)
• Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “raj”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), →ISBN
• Hieronim Łopaciński (1892), “raj”, in “Przyczynki do nowego słownika języka polskiego (słownik wyrazów ludowych z Lubelskiego i innych okolic Królestwa Polskiego)”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 241

Réunion Creole French

Noun

raj

1. (High Creole) alternative form of raz (“anger”)

References

• Armand, Alain (1987), Dictionnaire Kréol rénioné/Français [Reunionese Creole-French Dictionary] (in French), Océan Éditions, →ISBN, page 295

Romani

Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀭𑀸𑀆 (rāā), from Sanskrit राजन् (rā́jan).

Attested by Vulcanius in 1593.

Noun

raj m (nominative plural raja)

1. lord, master
2. gentleman, Sir, Mr

Derived terms

• raikano
• raimàta
• raipen
• rajarel
• rani

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rajь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *rā́ˀjus (“heaven”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /râːj/
• Rhymes: -âːj

Noun

rȃj m inan (Cyrillic spelling ра̑ј)

1. heaven, paradise
2. (figuratively) heaven, paradise (a pleasant place of happiness and joy)

   Svi kažu da je kao raj na zemlji.

   Everyone says that it's like heaven on earth.

Declension

Declension of raj

	singular	plural
nominative	rȃj	ràjevi
genitive	rȁja	rajévā
dative	rȁju	rajèvima
accusative	rȃj	ràjeve
vocative	rȁju	rȁjevi
locative	ràju	rajèvima
instrumental	rȁjem	rajèvima

Derived terms

• rȃjskī
• ràjčica

Slovak

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ràjь.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /raj/, [ˈraɪ̯]
• Rhymes: -aj

Noun

raj m inan (genitive singular raja, nominative plural raje, genitive plural rajov, declension pattern of stroj)

1. paradise
2. Paradise, Heaven, the Garden of Eden

Declension

Declension of raj
(pattern stroj)

	singular	plural
nominative	raj	raje
genitive	raja	rajov
dative	raju	rajom
accusative	raj	raje
locative	raji	rajoch
instrumental	rajom	rajmi

Further reading

• “raj”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026