jūs

See also: Jūs, jus, JUs, Jus, ĵus, and jus'

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jūˀs, from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs (“you (pl.)”). The non-nominative forms were re-formed, following the paradigm of u-stems: a new accusative *júns > jūs, a new genitive *jūsōn > jūsu (cf. Old Prussian iouson), and a new dative *jūmus > *jumus > jums. Cognates include Lithuanian jūs, Old Prussian ioūs, iaūs, Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jus), Sanskrit यूयम् (yūyam) (< *yūš-).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [juːs]

• Audio:

  (file)

Pronoun

jūs

1. you; accusative plural of jūs

jūs (personal, 2nd person plural)

1. you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee and other people

   kur jūs, zēni, bijāt? ― where, boys, were you?

   steidzieties, jūs jau gaida! ― hurry up, they are already waiting for you!

   kurš no jums ir vecāks: Birkenbaums, Gulbis vai Jānis? ― which of you is the oldest: Birkenbaums, Gulbis, or Jānis?

   esat, Birutiņ, un tu, Ansi... esat mani bērni, tikai es neesmu jūsu īstais tēvs ― you are, Birutiņa, and you, Ansis... you

2. (formal) you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee, singular or plural, to show polite respect; often capitalized

   būt uz jūs (ar kādu), uzrunāt (kādu) ar jūs ― to be on jūs (with someone), to address (someone) with, as jūs

   (Ilga:) āgrāk jūs tā nerunājāt... (Marts:) jūs toreiz bijāt maza meitene un nekā nesapratāt ― (Ilga:) you, sir, didn't talk like that before... (Marts:) you, madam, were then a small girl and didn't understand anything

   pateicos par Jūsu palīdzību ― I thank (you) for your help

   Kalniņa kungs, vai Jums šis jautājums ir skaidrs? ― Mr Kalniņš, is this question clear to you?

Declension

nominative	jūs
genitive	jūsu
dative	jums
accusative	jūs
instrumental	jums
locative	jūsos

Related terms

• jūsējs

See also

• vietniekvārds

Latvian personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person		es	mēs
2nd person	familiar	tu	jūs
	polite	jūs
3rd person	m	viņš	viņi
	f	viņa	viņas

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jūˀs, from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs (“you (pl.)”).

Pronoun

jūs

1. (second-person singular, formal) you
2. (second-person plural) you

Declension

Declension of jūs

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	tù	jùdu m, jùdvi f	jū̃s
genitive	tavę̃s	jùdviejų	jū́sų
dative	táu	jùdviem	jùms
accusative	tavè	jùdu m, jùdvi f	jùs
instrumental	tavimì, tavim̃	jùdviem	jumìs
locative	tavyjè, tavỹ	jùdviese	jumysè

Derived terms

• Jūs

See also

Lithuanian personal pronouns

			nominative (vardininkas)	genitive (kilmininkas)	dative (naudininkas)	accusative (galininkas)	instrumental (įnagininkas)	locative (vietininkas)		possessive (savybiniai)
singular (vienaskaita)	1st person		àš	manę̃s	mán	manè	manimi̇̀, manim̃	manyjè, manỹ		màno
	2nd person		tù	tavę̃s	táu	tavè	tavimi̇̀, tavim̃	tavyjè, tavỹ		tàvo
	3rd person	m	ji̇̀s, jisai̇̃	jõ	jám	jį̇̃	juõ	jamè		jõ
		f	ji̇̀, jinai̇̃	jõs	jái	ją̃	jà	jojè		jõs
dual (dviskaita)	1st person	m	mùdu	mùdviejų	mùdviem	mùdu	mùdviem	mùdviese		mùdviejų
		f	mùdvi			mùdvi
	2nd person	m	jùdu	jùdviejų	jùdviem	jùdu	jùdviem	jùdviese		jùdviejų
		f	jùdvi			jùdvi
	3rd person	m	juõdu, jiẽdu	jų̃dviejų	jõdviem	juõdu	jõdviem	jiẽdviese		jų̃dviejų
		f	jiẽdvi			jiẽdvi
plural (daugiskaita)	1st person		mẽs	mū́sų	mùms	mùs	mumi̇̀s	mumysè		mū́sų
	2nd person		jū̃s	jū́sų	jùms	jùs	jumi̇̀s	jumysè		jū́sų
	3rd person	m	jiẽ	jų̃	ji̇́ems	juõs	jai̇̃s	juosè		jų̃
		f	jõs		jóms	jàs	jomi̇̀s	josè
reflexive (sangrąžiniai)			—	savę̃s	sáu	savè	savimi̇̀, savim̃	savyjè, savỹ		sàvo

Old Prussian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jūˀs, from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs (“you (pl.)”).

Pronoun

jūs (singular tū)

1. you, the second person plural pronoun