hatred

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₂d-der.

Proto-Germanic *hataz

Proto-West Germanic *hati

Old English hete

Middle English heteder.

▲

Middle English hateninflu.

Middle English hate

Old English rǣdender.

Old English -rǣden

Middle English -rede

Middle English haterede

English hatred

From Middle English haterede, hatrede (“hatred”), from hate (“hate”) + -rede (“suffix denoting state or condition”), equivalent to hate +‎ -red; compare sibred, Scots luferent. Related to Icelandic hatur (“hatred”).

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈheɪtɹɪd/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈheɪtɹɪd, ˈheɪtɹəd/

• Audio (General American):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪtɹɪd

Noun

hatred (countable and uncountable, plural hatreds)

1. A strong aversion; an intense dislike.

   Synonyms: hate, antipathy, hostility, (formal) odium

   Antonyms: love, amity

   • 1697, [William] Congreve, The Mourning Bride, a Tragedy. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, Act III, page 39:

     Heav'n has no Rage, like Love to Hatred turn'd, / Nor Hell a Fury, like a Woman ſcorn'd.

   • 1748, David Hume, Enquiries concerning the human understanding and concerning the principles of moral., London: Oxford University Press, published 1973, § 34:

     the very circumstance which renders it so innocent is what chiefly exposes it to the public hatred

   • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 8, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:

     It was a casual sneer, obviously one of a long line. There was hatred behind it, but of a quiet, chronic type, nothing new or unduly virulent, and he was taken aback by the flicker of amazed incredulity that passed over the younger man's ravaged face.

   • 2000, David Crystal, Language Death:

     Fears and hatreds pay no attention to facts.

Usage notes

• The noun hatred is not used as a modifier in compound nouns; instead, its synonym hate is used, as, for example, in hate crime.

Derived terms

• antihatred
• hatredful
• hatredless
• hatredly
• Jew-hatred
• love-hatred
• race hatred
• self-hatred

Related terms

• disgust
• hate
• hateful
• heinous

Translations

strong aversion

• Abkhaz: агәаӷ (agʷağ)
• Afrikaans: haat (af)
• Albanian: urrejtje (sq) f, zët (sq)
• Arabic: بُغْض m (buḡḍ), كَرَاهِيَة f (karāhiya), كُرْه (kurh), بَغْضَاء f (baḡḍāʔ)

  Egyptian Arabic: كره m (kurh), كراهية f (karāheya), بغض m (buḡḍ)

  Moroccan Arabic: كره m (krəh)

• Aragonese: odio m, quimera m
• Armenian: ատելություն (hy) (atelutʻyun)
• Aromanian: urã f
• Assamese: ঘিণ (ghin), আখেজ (akhez)
• Asturian: odiu m
• Azerbaijani: nifrət
• Basque: herra, gorroto
• Belarusian: няна́вісць f (njanáviscʹ), няна́вісьць f (njanávisʹcʹ)
• Bengali: নফরৎ (bn) (nôfrôt), আখেজ (bn) (akhez), ঘেন্না (bn) (ghenna), ঘিন (bn) (ghin), ঘৃণা (bn) (ghrina)
• Breton: kas (br) m, kasoni (br) f
• Bulgarian: омра́за (bg) f (omráza), нена́вист (bg) f (nenávist)
• Burmese: ပဋိဃာတ် (my) (pa.ti.ghat)
• Carpathian Rusyn: ненависть f (nenavystʹ)
• Catalan: odi (ca) m
• Chechen: хьаг (ḥʳag), цабезам (cabezam), ачо (ačo), гамо (gamo)
• Cherokee: ᎠᏓᎾᏆᏘᏍᏗ (adanaquatisdi)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 恨 (zh) (hèn), 仇恨 (zh) (chóuhèn), 憎惡 / 憎恶 (zh) (zēngwù), 憎恨 (zh) (zēnghèn), 怨恨 (zh) (yuànhèn), 厭惡 / 厌恶 (zh) (yànwù)

• Czech: nenávist (cs) f, zášť (cs) f
• Danish: had (da) n
• Dutch: haat (nl) m
• Elfdalian: at n
• Esperanto: malamo
• Estonian: viha (et)
• Faroese: hatur n
• Fijian: veicati
• Finnish: viha (fi)
• French: haine (fr) f
• Galician: odio (gl) m, xenreira (gl) f
• Georgian: სიძულვილი (siʒulvili), მძულვარება (mʒulvareba), ზიზღი (zizɣi)
• German: Hass (de) m
• Gothic: 𐍆𐌹𐌾𐌰𐌸𐍅𐌰 f (fijaþwa), 𐌽𐌴𐌹𐌸 n (neiþ)
• Greek: μίσος (el) n (mísos), έχθρα (el) f (échthra), απέχθεια (el) f (apéchtheia)

  Ancient Greek: μῖσος n (mîsos)

• Greenlandic: uumissuineq, qinngarsuineq
• Hawaiian: inaina
• Hebrew: שִׂנְאָה (he) f (sin'á)
• Hiligaynon: kadúmut
• Hindi: घृणा (hi) f (ghŕṇā), घिन (hi) f (ghin), दुश्मनी (hi) f (duśmanī), नफ़रत f (nafrat)
• Hungarian: gyűlölet (hu)
• Icelandic: hatur (is) n
• Indonesian: kebencian (id)
• Interlingua: odio
• Irish: fuath m, gráin f
• Italian: odio (it) m, risentimento (it) m
• Japanese: 憎しみ (ja) (にくしみ, nikushimi), 憎悪 (ja) (ぞうお, zōo), 嫌悪 (ja) (けんお, ken'o), 厭悪 (ja) (えんお, en'o), 嫌厭 (ja) (けんえん, ken'en)
• Kazakh: ғадауат (ğadawat), жек көрушілік (jek körüwšilik)
• Khmer: ស្អប់ខ្ពើម (s’ap kpəəm), សេចក្ដីស្អប់ (səckdəy s’ɑp)
• Korean: 증오심(憎惡心) (ko) (jeung'osim), 증오(憎惡) (ko) (jeung'o), 미움 (ko) (mium)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: قین (qîn)

  Northern Kurdish: kîn (ku), nefret (ku), kerb (ku)

• Kyrgyz: жек көрүүчүлүк (jek körüücülük), жаман көрүүчүлүк (jaman körüücülük)
• Lao: ເວນ (wēn), ຄວາມກຽດຊັງ (khuām kīat sang)
• Latin: odium n, invidia f
• Latvian: naids (lv) m, ienaids (lv) m
• Lithuanian: neapykanta (lt) f
• Lombard: odi (lmo)
• Low German: Hat m
• Macedonian: омраза f (omraza)
• Malay: benci (ms), kebencian (ms)
• Malayalam: വെറുപ്പ് (ml) (veṟuppŭ), വിദ്വേഷം (ml) (vidvēṣaṁ)
• Maltese: mibegħda f, bagħda f
• Māori: mauāhara, ahikauri
• Marathi: द्वेष (dveṣ)
• Middle English: hate, haterede, hete
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: хорсол (mn) (xorsol), занал (mn) (zanal), үзэн ядалт (üzen jadalt)

  Mongolian script: ᠬᠣᠷᠤᠰᠤᠯ (qorusul), ᠵᠠᠨᠤᠯ (ǰanul), ᠦᠵᠡᠨ
  ᠶᠠᠳᠠᠯᠲᠠ (üǰen yadalta)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: hat (no) n

  Nynorsk: hat n

• Occitan: òdi (oc) m
• Old Church Slavonic:

  Cyrillic: ненависть f (nenavistĭ)

• Old East Slavic: ненависть f (nenavistĭ)
• Old English: hete m
• Old Norse: hatr
• Oromo: jibba
• Pannonian Rusyn: нєнависц f (njenavisc)
• Pashto: نفرت (ps) m (nafrát)
• Persian:

  Iranian Persian: نَفْرَت (fa) (nafrat), دُشْمَنی (fa) (došmani)

• Plautdietsch: Hot m
• Polish: nienawiść (pl) f
• Portuguese: ódio (pt) m
• Quechua: chiqniy
• Romanian: ură (ro) f
• Romansh: odi m
• Russian: не́нависть (ru) f (nénavistʹ)
• Sami:

  Northern Sami: vašši

• Sanskrit: द्वेष (sa) (dveṣa), घृणा (sa) (ghṛṇā)
• Scottish Gaelic: gràin f, fuath m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: мр́жња f

  Latin: mŕžnja (sh) f

• Slovak: nenávisť (sk) f, zášť f
• Slovene: sovraštvo (sl) n
• Sorbian:

  Upper Sorbian: hida f

• Spanish: odio (es) m
• Swahili: chuki (sw)
• Swedish: hat (sv) n
• Tagalog: poot (tl), muhi
• Tajik: нафрат (tg) (nafrat), душманӣ (tg) (dušmani)
• Tamil: வெறுப்பு (ta) (veṟuppu)
• Thai: ความเกลียด (th) (kwaam-glìiat), ความชัง (th) (kwaam-chang)
• Tibetan: སྡང་འཛིན (sdang 'dzin), སྡང་ཁྲོ (sdang khro), ཞེ་ལོག (zhe log), ཞེ་འཁོན་པ (zhe 'khon pa)
• Tocharian B: rser, wer
• Tok Pisin: pasin birua
• Turkish: nefret (tr), iğrenti (tr), tiksinti (tr)
• Turkmen: ýigrenç
• Ukrainian: нена́висть f (nenávystʹ)
• Urdu: نَفْرَت f (nafrat), دُشْمَنی f (duśmanī), گِھرْنا f (ghirnā), گِھن f (ghin)
• Uyghur: نەپرەت (nepret)
• Uzbek: nafratlanish
• Vietnamese: sự ghét (vi), sự căm thù (vi)
• Walloon: haeyeme (wa) f, hinne (wa) f
• Welsh: casineb (cy) m
• Yiddish: האַס f (has), שׂינאה f (sine), בייזוויליקײַט f (beyzvilikayt), פֿאַראַכטונג f (farakhtung), פֿײַנטשאַפֿט f (fayntshaft)
• Zazaki: zeri mendış, nefret

Anagrams

• dearth, Theard, /thread, thread, dareth, red hat, hetdar, Dehart

Middle English

Noun

hatred

1. alternative form of haterede