bom

See also: Appendix:Variations of "bom"

Languages (24)

Translingual

---

Abinomn • Afrikaans • Danish • Dutch • Iban • Indonesian • Italian • Lower Sorbian • Malay • Norwegian Bokmål • Norwegian Nynorsk • Occitan • Old Dutch • Old Saxon • Polish • Portuguese • Slovene • Swedish • Tày • Vietnamese • Volapük • Welsh • Zou

---

Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Abbreviation of English Berom.

Symbol

bom

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Berom.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Berom terms

Abinomn

Noun

bom

1. earth

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch bom, from French bombe.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɔm/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

bom (plural bomme, diminutive bommetjie)

1. bomb, explosive
2. (figurative) bombshell (something sensational, amazing or controversial)

Derived terms

• atoombom
• kernbom
• tydbom

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Low German bōm (“tree”), from Proto-Germanic *baumaz, *bagmaz, compare German Baum and English beam.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈb̥ɔmˀ]

Noun

bom c (singular definite bommen, plural indefinite bomme)

1. bar, tollbar
2. barrier (rail)
3. beam

Inflection

Declension of bom

common gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	bom	bommen	bomme	bommene
genitive	boms	bommens	bommes	bommenes

References

“bom” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɔm/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: bom
• Rhymes: -ɔm

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French bombe, still attested as bombe in Early Modern Dutch.

Noun

bom f (plural bommen, diminutive bommetje n)

1. bomb (explosive)

   Er werd een bom ontdekt in het treinstation. ― A bomb was discovered in the train station.

   De bommen vielen op de stad tijdens de luchtaanval. ― The bombs fell on the city during the air raid.

2. (Suriname) gas cylinder (cylindrical vessel for compressed gas)

   Synonyms: gasbom, gascylinder, gasfles

Derived terms

• atoombom
• bermbom
• bombrief
• bommetje
• brandbom
• clusterbom
• fotobom
• kernbom
• tijdbom

Descendants

• Afrikaans: bom
• → Caribbean Javanese: bom
• → Indonesian: bom
• → Sranan Tongo: bom
• → West Frisian: bom

Etymology 2

Clipping of bomschuit.

Noun

bom f (plural bommen, diminutive bommetje n)

1. (historical) flat-bottomed marine fishing vessel

Etymology 3

From Middle Dutch bomme, bonne, probably of Celtic origin, from Gaulish *bunda, feminine form of *bundos (“bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰ-, *bʰudʰmḗn.

Noun

bom f (plural bommen, diminutive bommetje n)

1. (archaic) bung, stopper (for barrels)

   Synonyms: spon, stop

Etymology 4

Initialism of bewust ongehuwde moeder (“deliberately unmarried mother”). First attested in 1978.

Noun

bom f (plural bommen, diminutive bommetje n)

1. single mother

Alternative forms

• BOM

Derived terms

• bommoeder
• bomvrouw

Iban

Etymology

Borrowed from English bomb.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bom/

Noun

bom

1. bomb

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbɔm]
• Hyphenation: bom

Etymology 1

From Dutch bom, from French bombe, from Italian bomba, from Latin bombus (“a boom”).

Noun

bom (plural bom-bom)

1. bomb, an explosive device used or intended as a weapon

Derived terms

• bom-boman
• mengebom
• pembom
• pemboman
• pengebom
• pengeboman

• bom atom
• bom brisan
• bom bunuh diri
• bom cahaya
• bom curah
• bom fosfor
• bom gunung api
• bom hidrogen
• bom hujan
• bom klaster
• bom kumbang
• bom laut
• bom molotov
• bom napalm
• bom nuklir
• bom pembakar
• bom pintar
• bom tandan
• bom tarik
• bom waktu
• bom zat cair

Related terms

• bombardemen
• bombardir

Etymology 2

From Dutch boom (“tree, pole”), from Middle Dutch bôom, from Old Dutch bōm, from Proto-Germanic *baumaz.

Noun

bom (plural bom-bom)

1. boom, tree, pole

Etymology 3

From Dutch slagboom (“boom barrier, boom gate”) or boom (“beam, barrier”). Compare to Dutch boomklok (“A bell tolled during the opening (in the morning) or closing (in the evening) of a port”, literally “beam bell”).

Noun

bom (plural bom-bom)

1. boom barrier, boom gate
2. (figuratively) harbor, harbour

   Synonym: pelabuhan

3. (figuratively) customs

   Synonym: pabean

Alternative forms

• bum

Further reading

• “bom”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Italian

Alternative forms

• bon

Etymology

Borrowed from Piedmontese [Term?].

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɔm/, /ˈbɔŋ/
• Rhymes: -ɔm, -ɔŋ
• Hyphenation: bòm

Interjection

bom

1. (Piedmont) well, so, enough

   Bom, abbiamo visto abbastanza.

   Well, we've seen enough.

   Sono andato al mercato e bom.

   I went to the market and that's it.

   —Mi dica quanto ne vuole. –Bom!

   —Say when. —When!

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Middle High German boum (German Baum) or East Central German and German Low German Boom.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɔm/
• Rhymes: -ɔm
• Syllabification: bom

Noun

bom m inan (diminutive bomk)

1. tree
   • 2011 September 28, I. Neumannojc, “Sadowe bomy za derjeměśe luźa a natury [Fruit trees for the benefit of people and nature]”, in Nowy Casnik‎^[1], number 39:

     Sadowe bomy w burskich gumnach a teke na dwórach su typiske za naš region.

     Fruit trees in farmers’ gardens and even in courtyards are typical for our region.

Declension

Declension of bom

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	bom	boma	bomy
genitive	boma	bomowu	bomow
dative	bomoju	bomoma	bomam
accusative	bom	boma	bomy
instrumental	bomom	bomoma	bomami
locative	bomje	bomoma	bomach

Further reading

• Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “bom”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
• Starosta, Manfred (1999), “bom”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Malay

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek βόμβος (bómbos).

Noun

bom (Jawi spelling بوم, plural bom-bom)

1. bomb

Further reading

• "bom" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017
  (also see "bom" at PRPM first version)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From either Middle Low German bōm, from Old Saxon bōm or from Dutch boom (“tree, beam, mast, boom”), from Middle Dutch bôom (“tree, beam, pole, boom barrier”), from Old Dutch bōm (“tree”), from Proto-West Germanic *baum (“tree, beam”), from Proto-Germanic *baumaz, *bagmaz (“tree, beam, balk”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to grow, swell”).

Noun

bom m (definite singular bommen, indefinite plural bommer, definite plural bommene)

1. a boom (for a sail, crane, microphone etc.)
2. a barrier (at a railway crossing etc.)
3. a beam (in gymnastics: balance beam)
4. a derrick (nautical, for loading/unloading cargo)

Derived terms

• bompenger
• bomvei

References

• “bom” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Middle Low German bom.

Noun

bom m (definite singular bommen, indefinite plural bommar, definite plural bommane)

1. a boom (as above)
2. a barrier (as above)
3. a beam (as above)
4. a derrick (nautical, for loading/unloading cargo)

References

• “bom” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Occitan

Etymology

Imitative.

Interjection

bom

1. boom

Old Dutch

Alternative forms

• boum

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *baum.

Noun

bōm m

1. tree

Inflection

Declension of bōm (masculine a-stem noun)

case	singular	plural
nominative	bōm	bōma
accusative	bōm	bōma
genitive	bōmes	bōmo
dative	bōme	bōmon

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: bôom
  • Dutch: boom
    • Afrikaans: boom
    • Berbice Creole Dutch: bom
    • Jersey Dutch: bôm
    • Negerhollands: bom, boom
      • → Virgin Islands Creole: bom (archaic)
    • Musi: bum (“dock”)
    • Polish: bom, bum
    • Skepi Creole Dutch: bom, boom
    • Sranan Tongo: bon
      • Aukan: bon
    • → English: boom
    • → Indonesian: bom (“tree, pole”), bum
  • Limburgish: boum

Further reading

• “bōm”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *baum, from Proto-Germanic *baumaz.

Noun

bōm m

1. tree

Declension

bōm (masculine a-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	bōm	bōmos
accusative	bōm	bōmos
genitive	bōmes	bōmō
dative	bōme	bōmum
instrumental	—	—

Descendants

• Middle Low German: bôm
  • Low German: Boom
    • German Low German: Boom
  • Plautdietsch: Boom
  • → Danish: bom
  • → Finnish: puomi
  • → Gutnish: bom
  • → Norwegian Bokmål: bom
  • → Norwegian Nynorsk: bom
  • → Swedish: bom

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɔm/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔm
• Syllabification: bom

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch boom.

Alternative forms

• bum

Noun

bom m inan

1. (gymnastics) boom (a gymnastics apparatus, similar to a balance beam, which must be traversed as part of an obstacle course, typically as a training exercise in school or as part of basic training for new military recruits)

   Synonym: tram

2. (sailing) boom (a spar extending the foot of a sail; a spar rigged outboard from a ship's side to which boats are secured in harbour)
3. boom (a wishbone-shaped piece of windsurfing equipment)

Declension

Declension of bom

	singular	plural
nominative	bom	bomy
genitive	bomu	bomów
dative	bomowi	bomom
accusative	bom	bomy
instrumental	bomem	bomami
locative	bomie	bomach
vocative	bomie	bomy

Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

bom

1. dong (sound of a bell, clock, etc.)

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronoun

bom

1. Combined form of bo + -m

Further reading

• “bom”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[2] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “bom”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[3] (in Polish)
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “bom”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “bom”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “bom”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 189

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• bão (Caipira)
• bô (northern and central Portugal)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂-der.?

Proto-Italic *dwenos

Archaic Latin duenos

Old Latin duonus

Latin bonum

Old Galician-Portuguese bõo

Portuguese bom

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese bõo, inherited from Latin bonus (“good”), from Old Latin duonos, earlier duenos, from Proto-Italic *dwenos. Doublet of bónus / bônus, a later borrowing. Compare Fala and Galician bo, Spanish bueno.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈbõ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈbõ/, (dialectal) /ˈbɐ̃w̃/

• (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /bo/

• Audio (Portugal):

  (file)

• Audio (Brazil):

  (file)

• Audio (Portugal (Porto)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -õ
• Hyphenation: bom

Adjective

bom (feminine boa, masculine plural bons, feminine plural boas, comparable, comparative melhor, superlative o melhor or ótimo or boníssimo, diminutive bonzinho, augmentative bonzão)

1. good
   1. desirable, positive, advantageous
   2. (in reference to senses) pleasant, enjoyable, (of food) tasty

      Synonyms: agradável, aprazível

      Antonyms: ruim, desagradável

      Esta brisa é boa. ― This breeze is pleasant.

   3. (of a person) kind, generous, acting morally

      Synonyms: gentil, generoso

      Antonyms: mau, mesquinho, amargo

      Ele é um homem bom. ― He is a good man.

   4. (of quantity or time) sizeable, reasonable, significant

      Synonyms: razoável, significante

      Antonyms: pequeno, insignificante

      boa parte ― significant part

Derived terms

• boa gente / gente boa
• boa noite
• boa tarde
• boas
• bom dia
• de boa
• numa boa

Related terms

• bem
• bondade
• embora

Interjection

bom

1. well, very well

   Bom, já é hora de ir. ― Well, it's time to go.

Further reading

• “bom”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “bom”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Slovene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bóːm/

Verb

bọ̑m

1. first-person singular future of bíti

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle Low German bom, from Old Saxon bōm, from Proto-West Germanic *baum. Sense 3 is onomatopoeic. Sense 4 is a semantic loan from Dutch boom.

Noun

bom c

1. a barrier (in the form of a pole that can be raised/lowered or opened/closed)
3. (gymnastics) a boom, a balance beam
5. a miss (failure to hit)

   Synonym: miss

7. (sailing) a boom
8. (aeronautics) abbreviation of stjärtbom (“tail boom”)

   Hyponyms: enkel stjärtbom (“helicopter tail”), dubbel stjärtbom (“twin-boom”)

Declension

Declension of bom

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	bom	boms
	definite	bommen	bommens
plural	indefinite	bommar	bommars
	definite	bommarna	bommarnas

Derived terms

• bakom lås och bom

References

• “bom”, in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker [Dictionaries of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• bom in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
• bom in Svenskt nautiskt lexikon (1920)

Tày

Pronunciation

• (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA^(key): [ɓɔm˧˥]
• (Trùng Khánh) IPA^(key): [ɓɔm˦]

Verb

bom

1. to encourage; to provoke

   bom đếch pin mạy ― to nudge the children into climbing trees

   bom cần tò fật ― to encourage wrestling

References

• Lương Bèn (2011), Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎^[4][5] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔɓɔm˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔɓɔm˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʔɓɔm˧˧]

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French bombe.

Noun

bom (classifier quả, trái)

1. bomb

   Synonym: trái phá (obsolete)

Derived terms

• bom hàng

Descendants

• → Sedang: ƀom

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French pomme; the phoneme /p/ is changed into /ɓ/ as it is not a native onset consonant.

Noun

bom (classifier quả, trái)

1. (dialectal) apple

Synonyms

• táo tây, táo, bôm (regional)

Volapük

Etymology

Borrowed from English bone.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bom/

Noun

bom (genitive boma, plural boms)

1. bone

Declension

Declension of bom

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	bom	boms
Genitive	boma	bomas
Dative	bome	bomes
Accusative	bomi	bomis
Predicative1	bomu	bomus
Vocative	o bom	o boms

1. Introduced in Volapük Nulik.

Derived terms

• bäkabom (“backbone”)
• bomem
• fitabom

References

• SARMENTO, Leila Lauar. Gramática em textos. 2nd edition. São Paulo, Brazil: Moderna, 2005.

Further reading

• “bom”, in Vödabuk (in English, Esperanto, and Volapük)

Welsh

Etymology

Borrowed from English bomb.

Noun

bom m or f (plural bomiau)

1. bomb
2. (slang) bomb, mint, killing (large amount of money)

Derived terms

• bom amser (“time bomb”)
• bomio (“bomb”, verb)

Mutation

Mutated forms of bom

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
bom	fom	mom	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “bom”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

Zou

Etymology

Borrowed from English bomb.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bóm]
• Hyphenation: bom

Noun

bóm

1. bomb

References

• Philip Thangliènmâng (2010), Minimal dictionary and Self-tutor Functional Grammar in Zo-English-Hindi, New Delhi: Zoculsin, →ISBN, page 66