Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sternǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr (“star”). According to Kroonen, the word became an n-stem in Germanic, Pre-Germanic *h₂stérōn, gen. *h₂sternés, which gave rise to two stems, *ster- and *sterr-, the latter through Kluge's law. The forms showing *stern- have reintroduced the -n- from the cases where it had not been assimilated.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈster.nɔ̃ː/

Noun

*sternǭ f

1. star

Inflection

Declension of *sternǭ (ōn-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*sternǭ	*sternōniz
vocative	*sternǭ	*sternōniz
accusative	*sternōnų	*sternōnunz
genitive	*sternōniz	*sternōnǫ̂
dative	*sternōni	*sternōmaz
instrumental	*sternōnē	*sternōmiz

Alternative reconstructions

• *sternô

Derived terms

• *ēbanþsternǭ
• *sebunstirniją

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *sternō, *sterrō m
  • Old English: steorra, stearra, stiorra, styrra, sterra
    • Middle English: sterre, star, starre, ster, sterrie, steorre, stoerre, sturre (Southern, Southwest Midland), steorra, storre (Early Middle English)
      • English: star (see there for further descendants)
      • Scots: ster
      • Yola: starr, steor, steorr
  • Old Frisian: stēra
    • North Frisian: steer
    • West Frisian: stjer
  • Old Saxon: sterro
    • Middle Low German: stērne, stērn
      • German Low German: Steern
      • Plautdietsch: Stiern
      • → Saterland Frisian: Stiern
  • Old Dutch: sterno, sterro, sterro
    • Middle Dutch: sterre, sterne
      • Dutch: ster
        • Afrikaans: ster
        • Negerhollands: ster
        • → Indonesian: seter
      • Limburgish: Schtar, sjtar
      • West Flemish: sterre
  • Old High German: sterno, sterro, stern
    • Middle High German: stërne, stërre, stërn
      • Alemannic German: Stern
      • Bavarian: Stean

        Cimbrian: stèrn

        Mòcheno: stern

      • Central Franconian: Stään, Stär, Stären, Stern

        Hunsrik: Stern

        Luxembourgish: Stär

      • German: Stern
      • Vilamovian: śtaom
      • Yiddish: שטערן (shtern)
• Old Norse: stjarna
  • Icelandic: stjarna
  • Faroese: stjørna
  • Norn: sterna
  • Norwegian Bokmål: stjerne
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: stjerne
  • Old Swedish: stiærna
    • Swedish: stjärna
  • Old Danish: stiærnæ
    • Danish: stjerne
  • Elfdalian: stienna
  • Gutnish: stjännå, stjänne
  • Scanian: stjærna
  • → Middle English: sterne, stern, starn, starne (Northern), steorrne, sterrne (Ormulum)
    • English: starn (dialectal)
    • Middle Scots: stern, starn
      • Scots: starn
• East Germanic
  • Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 (stairnō)
  • Crimean Gothic: stein