Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rīfaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to tear”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈriː.ɸɑ.nɑ̃/
• Rhymes: -iː.ɸɑ.nɑ̃

Verb

*rīfaną

1. to tear, rend

Inflection

Conjugation of *rīfaną (strong class 1)

	active voice				passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*rīfō	*rīfaų	—		*rīfai	?
2nd singular	*rīfizi	*rīfaiz	*rīf		*rīfazai	*rīfaizau
3rd singular	*rīfidi	*rīfai	*rīfadau		*rīfadai	*rīfaidau
1st dual	*rīfōz	*rīfaiw	—		—	—
2nd dual	*rīfadiz	*rīfaidiz	*rīfadiz		—	—
1st plural	*rīfamaz	*rīfaim	—		*rīfandai	*rīfaindau
2nd plural	*rīfid	*rīfaid	*rīfid		*rīfandai	*rīfaindau
3rd plural	*rīfandi	*rīfain	*rīfandau		*rīfandai	*rīfaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*raif	*ribį̄
2nd singular	*raift	*ribīz
3rd singular	*raif	*ribī
1st dual	*ribū	*ribīw
2nd dual	*ribudiz	*ribīdiz
1st plural	*ribum	*ribīm
2nd plural	*ribud	*ribīd
3rd plural	*ribun	*ribīn
	present	past
participles	*rīfandz	*ribanaz

Derived terms

• *riftrą
• *rībaz
• *rīpiz
• *rippōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *rīfan
  • Old English: *rīfan
    • Middle English: riven
      • English: rive
  • Old Frisian: rīva
• Old Norse: rífa
  • Icelandic: rífa
  • Norwegian Bokmål: rive
  • Old Danish: riuæ
    • Danish: rive
  • Old Swedish: rīva
    • Swedish: riva