Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/īsą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-so-, from *h₁eyH- (“ice”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈiː.sɑ̃/

Noun

*īsą n

1. ice
2. (Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᛁ (i)

Inflection

Declension of *īsą (neuter a-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*īsą	*īsō
vocative	*īsą	*īsō
accusative	*īsą	*īsō
genitive	*īsas, *īsis	*īsǫ̂
dative	*īsai	*īsamaz
instrumental	*īsō	*īsamiz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *īs
  • Old English: īs, ys, ᛁᛋ (is) — Near Fakenham plaque, ist — Northumbrian, a seeming hapax legomenon
    • Middle English: is, ise, yes, yce, yys, ys, ijs, yse, ysz, hyse, hyys, ice, isse, ysse, yis
      • English: ice (see there for further descendants)
      • Scots: ice
  • Old Frisian: īs
    • North Frisian:

      Föhr-Amrum, Mooring: is

      Sylt: Iis

    • Saterland Frisian: Ies
    • West Frisian: iis
  • Old Saxon: īs
    • Middle Low German: îs
      • Low German: Ies
        • German Low German: Ies
          • Plautdietsch: Iess
  • Old Dutch: *īs
    • Middle Dutch: ijs
      • Dutch: ijs
        • Afrikaans: ys
        • Petjo: es
        • → Caribbean Javanese: ès
        • → Indonesian: es
        • → Papiamentu: eis
        • → Sranan Tongo: èisi, hèisi
          • → Aukan: eisi
          • → Saramaccan: eísí
      • Limburgish: ies
  • Old High German: īs
    • Middle High German: īs
      • Alemannic German: Iis, Is, Isch

        Alsatian: Iis; Eis (northern)

        Italian Walser: isch, éisch

      • Bavarian: ais

        Cimbrian: ais

        Mòcheno: ais

      • Central Franconian: Eis, Ies

        Hunsrik: Eis

        Luxembourgish: Äis

        Transylvanian Saxon: Ais

      • German: Eis
      • Rhine Franconian:

        Frankfurt: [ais]

        Pennsylvania German: Eis

      • Vilamovian: ajs
      • Yiddish: אײַז (ayz)
• Old Norse: íss (< *īsaz)
  • Icelandic: ís
  • Faroese: ísur
  • Norwegian Bokmål: is
  • Elfdalian: ais
  • Old Swedish: īs
    • Swedish: is
  • Danish: is
  • Gutnish: eis, h'eis