Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0) is the chemical compound with the formula Pt(P(C6H5)3)4, often abbreviated Pt(PPh3)4. The bright yellow compound is used as a precursor to other platinum complexes.[2][3]
platinum(0)-3D-sticks.png) | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Tetrakis(triphenylphosphane)platinum(0) | |
| Other names
Tetrakis(triphenylphosphane)platinum(0) TPP platinum(0) | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
|
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.034.610 |
| EC Number |
|
PubChem CID |
|
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
|
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| C72H60P4Pt | |
| Molar mass | 1244.251 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | yellow crystals |
| Melting point | 160 °C (320 °F; 433 K) |
| Insoluble | |
| Structure | |
| four triphenylphosphine unidentate ligands attached to a central Pt(0) atom in a tetrahedral geometry | |
| tetrahedral | |
| 0 D | |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards |
PPh3 is an irritant |
| GHS labelling:[1] | |
 | |
| Warning | |
| H302 | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | External MSDS |
| Related compounds | |
Related complexes |
Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)nickel(0) Tris(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0) |
Related compounds |
Triphenylphosphine |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
| |
Structure and behavior
editThe molecule is tetrahedral, as confirmed by X-ray crystallography.[4] The molecule has idealized point group symmetry of Td, as expected for a four-coordinate metal complex of a metal with the d10 configuration. Even though this complex follows the 18-electron rule, it dissociates triphenylphosphine in solution to give the 16-electron derivative tris(triphenylphosphine)platinum(0) containing only three PPh3 ligands:
- Pt(PPh3)4 → Pt(PPh3)3 + PPh3
Synthesis
editThe complex is typically prepared in one-pot reaction from potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II). Reduction of this platinum(II) species with alkaline ethanol in the presence of excess triphenylphosphine affords the product as a precipitate. The reaction occurs in two distinct steps. In the first step, PtCl2(PPh3)2 is generated. In the second step, this platinum(II) complex is reduced. The overall synthesis can be summarized as:
- K2[PtCl4] + 2 KOH + 4 PPh3 + C2H5OH → Pt(PPh3)4 + 4 KCl + CH3CHO + 2 H2O
Reactions
editPt(PPh3)4 reacts with oxidants to give platinum(II) derivatives:
- Pt(PPh3)4 + Cl2 → cis-PtCl2(PPh3)2 + 2 PPh3
Mineral acids give the corresponding hydride complexes:
- Pt(PPh3)4 + HCl → trans-PtCl(H)(PPh3)2 + 2 PPh3
The reaction with oxygen affords a dioxygen complex:
- Pt(PPh3)4 + O2 → Pt(η2-O2)(PPh3)2 + 2 PPh3
This complex is a precursor to the ethylene complex
- Pt(η2-O2)(PPh3)2 + C2H4 → Pt(η2-C2H4)(PPh3)2 + "NaBH2(OH)2"
References
edit- ↑ "C&L Inventory". echa.europa.eu.
- ↑ Ugo, R.; Cariati, F.; La Monica, G. (1990). "Tris- and Tetrakis(Triphenylphosphine)-Platinum(0)". Inorganic Syntheses. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 28. pp. 123–126. doi:10.1002/9780470132593.ch33. ISBN 9780470132593.
- ↑ Safety Data Sheet http://www.alfa.com/content/msds/english/10549.pdf Archived 2015-04-11 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Mizumoto, Yoji; Murao, Mio; Yamazaki, Yasuomi; Tsubomura, Taro (2024). "Photoluminescence of 3- and 4-Coordinate platinum(0) phosphine complexes". Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. 97 (5) uoae035. doi:10.1093/bulcsj/uoae035.