The region constituting Morocco has been inhabited since the Paleolithic era, more than 300,000 years ago. The Moroccan state traces its origins to the establishment of the Idrisid dynasty by Idris I in 788, although its historical territories did not coincide with those of present-day Morocco; the country is regarded as one of the world's oldest continuously existing states. Morocco was subsequently ruled by a series of other independent dynasties, reaching its zenith as a regional power in the 11th and 12th centuries, under the Almoravid and Almohad dynasties, both Berber kingdoms, when it controlled the southern and eastern Iberian Peninsula and the Maghreb. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Morocco faced external threats to its sovereignty, with Portugal seizing some territory and the Ottoman Empire encroaching from the east. The Marinid and Saadi dynasties otherwise resisted foreign domination, and Morocco was the only North African nation to escape Ottoman dominion. The Saadi dynasty expanded its territory through the conquest of the Songhai Empire in the late 16th century. The Alawi dynasty, which rules the country to this day, seized power in 1631, and over the next two centuries expanded diplomatic and commercial relations with the Western world. It is among the world's oldest reigning royal dynasties. Morocco's strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean drew renewed European interest. In 1912, France and Spain established protectorates over the country and designated Tangier as an international zone, while the Sultan remained the formal sovereign with limited authority under colonial control. Following intermittent riots and revolts against colonial rule, Morocco regained its independence and reunified in 1956 under the leadership of Sultan Mohammed V.
Since independence, Morocco has remained relatively stable. It has the fifth-largest economy in Africa and wields significant influence in both Africa and the Arab world; it is considered a middle power in global affairs and holds membership in the Arab League, the Arab Maghreb Union, the Union for the Mediterranean, and the African Union. It is one of the few countries in Africa ranking high on the Human Development Index and is Africa's leading industrial economy. Morocco is a unitary semi-constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The executive branch is led by the King of Morocco and the prime minister, while legislative power is vested in the two chambers of parliament: the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors. Judicial power rests with the Constitutional Court, which may review the validity of laws, elections, and referendums. The king holds vast executive and legislative powers, especially over the military, foreign policy and religious affairs; he can issue dahirs, decrees which have the force of law, and he can also dissolve the parliament after consulting the prime minister and the president of the constitutional court. Morocco is classified as a hybrid regime and, as of 2025, holds the highest ranking in the Arab world, according to The Economist Democracy Index. Islam is both the official and predominant religion, with nearly all of the population identifying as Muslims. Arabic and Berber are the official languages, though the Moroccan dialect of Arabic (known locally as Darija) is widely spoken and considered the lingua franca. The culture of Morocco is a mix of Arab, Berber, Andalusian, and African cultures.
The Barghawatas, also known as Barghwata or Berghouata (Berber languages: Buṛɣwaṭa) were a Berber tribal confederation and religious movement that ruled a region of the Atlantic coast in present-day Morocco between the 8th and 11th centuries. They belonged to the Masmuda confederacy.
Image 4Amazigh man in the South of Morocco wearing the traditional blue veil (from Culture of Morocco)
Image 5Zaalouk is an eggplant dip served as a cold appetizer; made with eggplant, tomatoes, and aromatic herbs, and drizzled with olive oil, it is enjoyed throughout Morocco and across other Mediterranean cultures. (from Culture of Morocco)
Image 7The ancient harbor at the Bou Regreg, taken from Salé facing Rabat (from History of Morocco)
Image 8The Berber entrepot Sijilmassa along the trade routes of the Western Sahara, c. 1000–1500. Goldfields are indicated by light brown shading (from History of Morocco)
Image 9Two kids in Morocco, 1926, the little boy has a Tamzurt haircut. His head is shaved leaving a single braid hanging down (from Culture of Morocco)
Image 10Moroccan Jewish woman wearing the Keswa lKbira (from Culture of Morocco)
Image 11Man wearing a black woolen Burnous/ Akhniff in the Middle Atlas (from Culture of Morocco)
Image 12Destruction of Casablanca caused by the 1907 French bombardment. (from History of Morocco)
Image 19Two famous moroccan pastries: Chebakia (on the left) and the triangular Briouates. Chebakia are eaten dipped in the Harira Soup and Briouates both exist in a sweet version (the one we see on this picture) and salty (as an appetizer baked with brick puff pasty sheet with meat) (from Culture of Morocco)
Image 20Harira, the Moroccan traditional tomato-based soup mixed with (from Culture of Morocco)
Image 21Ahwach a traditional dance performed during Yennayer and symbolizing unity. The women all dance under the same long veil (from Culture of Morocco)
Image 22The sweet and savory luxurious Tajine Lham Bel Berkouk, made with lamb, prunes, apricots and almonds. It is a consumed during Moroccan weddings (from Culture of Morocco)
Image 35A plate of Moroccan pastries. Almonds, sugar, honey are the sesame seeds and orange blossoms are the main ingredients for the preparations of sweets, cakes, pastries in Morocco (from Culture of Morocco)
Image 47Couscous is traditionally enjoyed on Friday, the holy day in Islam. Garnished with vegetables and chickpeas, it is served communally. (from Culture of Morocco)
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Logo of Amal Women's Training Center and Moroccan Restaurant
Amal Women's Training Center and Moroccan Restaurant (Arabic: جمعية الامل لفنون الطبخ; French: Association Amal pour les Arts culinaires en faveur des femmes nécessiteuses) is a non-profit organization in Marrakesh, Morocco, that helps disadvantaged women gain work experience by training them in the preparation of Moroccan food and international food. The center was established in 2012 by Nora Belahcen Fitzgerald. Each year between 30 and 40 women complete four to six months of training, which often leads to them finding employment in a relevant field. (Full article...)
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↑In the 2014 census, the High Commission for Planning gave the legal population of Casablanca as 3,359,818,[1] which corresponds to the population of Casablanca Prefecture.[2]
↑In the 2014 census, the High Commission for Planning gave the legal population of Fez as 1,112,072,[1] which corresponds to the combined population of those parts of Fez Prefecture not within the cercle of Fez Banlieue ("suburbs").[2]
↑In the 2014 census, the High Commission for Planning gave the legal population of Meknes as 632,079,[1] which corresponds to the combined population of the municipalities of Meknes, Al Machouar – Stinia, Toulal and Ouislane.[2]
↑In the 2014 census, the High Commission for Planning gave the legal population of Rabat as 577,827,[1] which corresponds to the population of Rabat Prefecture.[2]
↑The population figure refers only to the urban centre (HCP geographic code[fr] 09.001.05.09.3) of the rural commune of Drargua.
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