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Crore

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A crore (/krɔːr/; abbreviated cr) is a quantity of ten million (10,000,000 or 107) in the Indian numbering system, equal to 100 lakh. In the Indian convention of digit grouping, it is formatted 1,00,00,000.[1] The crore is widely used both in official and other contexts in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan. The next named numbers after it are arab (a billion), and kharab (a hundred billion), although they are not widely used in the modern-day Indian subcontinent.

Etymology and regional variants

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The word crore derives from the Prakrit word kroḍi, which in turn comes from the Sanskrit word कोटि (koṭi),[2] denoting ten million in the Indian numbering system, which has separate terms for most powers of ten from 100 up to 1019.

By language

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South Asia

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Outside South Asia

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In several languages outside South Asia, Sanskrit koṭi was borrowed or translated, mainly through Buddhist texts. The terms below are largely archaic, literary or religious.

  • Burmese: ကုဋေ (ku.te), from Pali[4]
  • Chinese: 俱胝 (jūzhī) or 俱致 (jūzhì), transcriptions of koṭi used in Buddhist texts[5]
  • Indonesian: keti, now denoting 100,000 (one lakh) rather than 10,000,000[6]
  • Japanese: 倶胝 (kutei), used in Buddhist texts[5]
  • Khmer: កោដិ (kaot)
  • Korean: 구지 (俱胝; guji), used in Buddhist texts
  • Malay: keti (کتي), found in classical literature, where it denotes 100,000 (one lakh) rather than 10,000,000[7]
  • Thai: โกฏิ (kot), rarely used as a numeral and now mostly meaning "very many"[8]
  • Tibetan: བྱེ་བ་ (bye ba), the traditional Tibetan word for 107, used to translate Sanskrit koṭi[9]

Money

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Large amounts of money in India, Bangladesh and Pakistan are often written in terms of crore. For example 150,000,000 (one hundred and fifty million) rupees is written as "fifteen crore rupees", "₹ 15 crore".[1] In the abbreviated form, usage such as "₹ 15 cr" is common.[10]

Trillions (in the short scale) of money are often written or spoken of in terms of lakh crore. For example, one trillion rupees is equivalent to:

  • ₹1 lakh crore
  • ₹1012
  • ₹10,00,00,00,00,000 in Indian notation
  • ₹1,000,000,000,000 in metric notation

See also

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References

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  1. 1 2 "Knowing our Numbers". Department of School Education And Literacy. National Repository of Open Educational Resources. Archived from the original on 16 February 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
  2. ↑ Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed., 1893, s.v. 'crore'
  3. ↑ Buddhadatta Mahathera, A. P. "koṭi". Concise Pali–English and English–Pali Dictionary.
  4. ↑ Myanmar–English Dictionary. Myanmar Language Commission. 1993. ISBN 1-881265-47-1.
  5. 1 2 Soothill, William Edward; Hodous, Lewis (1937). A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner. p. 322.
  6. ↑ "keti". Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (in Indonesian). Agency for Language Development and Cultivation, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology. Retrieved 8 October 2026.
  7. ↑ "keti". Kamus Dewan (in Malay) (4th ed.). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Retrieved 8 October 2026 – via Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu.
  8. ↑ คำแสดงจำนวนของไทย จาก หน่วย-สิบ-ร้อย-พัน-หมื่น-แสน-ล้าน ถึง โกฏิ-อสงไขย [Thai number words, from unit-ten-hundred-thousand-ten thousand-hundred thousand-million to koti-asongkhai]. Silpa-Watthanatham (in Thai). Retrieved 8 October 2026.
  9. ↑ "bye ba khrag khrig brgya stong". 84000 Glossary of Terms. 84000: Translating the Words of the Buddha. Retrieved 8 October 2026.
  10. ↑ Posamentier, Alfred S.; Poole, Peter (23 March 2020). Understanding Mathematics Through Problem Solving. World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-4663-69-4.

Sources

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