Jump to content

1360s

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The 1360s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1360, and ended on December 31, 1369.

Events

1360

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]
  • April 3 – King Edward III summons the English Parliament to assemble at Westminster on May 15.
  • April 5 – King Peter I of Cyprus is crowned as King of Jerusalem at a ceremony at Saint Nicholas Cathedral at Famagusta in Cyprus. Although King Peter will never visit Jerusalem, and Palestine has been under Muslim control since 1291, the Kings of Cyprus have continued to claim the title for 70 years.[5]
  • April 6 – Reims campaign: King Edward III and the English troops withdraw from Saint-Germain-lès-Arpajon and march toward the English-ruled territory of Brittany, intending to refresh and to make another attempt to attack Paris later in the year. They stop at the gates of Chartres, hoping to provoke the Dauphin of France, Charles, into leading his outnumbered party into battle.
  • April 13 – Reims campaign: On what is later called "Black Monday", a freak hail storm strikes at Chartres, where the English are leading a siege. The unsheltered English troops are caught in a severe thunderstorm, accompanied by a drop in the temperature and huge hailstones began falling from the sky, killing more than 1,000 of the 10,000 English troops and 6,000 horses in half an hour. King Edward concludes that the strom is a sign from God to halt the Reims campaign and to drop all claims to the French throne.[6]
  • April 14 – The day after the Black Monday hailstorm, French emissary Androin de la Roche, the Abbot of Clurry, arrives at the English camp and proposes a peace agreement to end the war between England and France.[7] King Edward begins the withdrawal of his army from the gates of Chartres.
  • April 18 – Jayarjunadeva is proclaimed as the ceremonial King of Nepal, though his actual assumption of office waits until the death of his father, Jayarajadeva, in 1361.[8]
  • May 8 – The Treaty of Brétigny is drafted by the Dauphin Charles of France and six English knights at the Hôtel de Sens, the Dauphin's residence, in Paris to set terms for the end of the ongoing war between the kingdoms of England and France.[9]
  • May 15 – The English Parliament opens at Westminster, but history does not record when it adjourned and what, if any legislation it enacted.
  • June 7 – (8th waning of Nayon, 722 ME) In what is now Myanmar, the coronation of King Narathu the Pinya kingdom in the Mandalay Region of Myanmar. Narathu has reigned since March 19, 1359 after the death of his father, Kyawswa II.[10]
  • June 14 – King Jean II of France, who has been held as a prisoner of war in England since 1356, signs the Treaty of Brétigny at a banquet attended by England's King Edward III, Edward, Prince of Wales, and other French prisoners of war. Under the treaty, King Edward obtains 19 territories on the French mainland in return for renouncing any claims to the French throne, while King Jean obligates France to pay a ransom of 3,000,000 gold écu coins for the release of himself and the other French prisoners, with the condition that he will be allowed to return to France after the first one million écus is paid and send two of his sons to England as hostages, along with more than 40 French citizens.[9]
  • June 22 – Russian prince Dmitry Konstantinovich is installed by the Khan of the Golden Horde as the new Grand Prince of Vladimir.[11]
  • June 30 – King Jean II of France is released from the Tower of London after having been taken as a prisoner of war since 1356, and is feted with a farewell dinner at Eltham Palace, hosted by Queen consort Philippa, then begins his journey back to France.[12]
  • June –

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1361

January–March

[edit]
  • January 24 – The English Parliament is opened at Westminster by King Edward III for a 25-day session.
  • February 16 – In what is now Spain, the Muslim Sultan Muhammad VI of Granada concludes a six-year treaty of alliance with the Christian King Pedro IV of Aragon.[21]
  • February 18 – The English Parliament closes after a 25-day session. Among the acts passed and given royal assent are the Justices of the Peace Act 1361, defining, for the first time, the duties and powers of a justice of the peace and setting for the qualifications required.[22], as well as acts governing weights and measres, the limitation of purveyances to "the King, the Queen and the King's eldest son", several acts for punishment of labourers and servants for "departing from their service into another county," and directing that if they "If a labourer or servant do flee to a city or borough, do flee to a city or borough, the chief officer upon request shall deliver him up."[23]
  • March 17 – An-Nasir Hasan, Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, is killed by one of his own mamluks, Yalbugha al-Umari, who, with the senior Mamluk emirs, has al-Mansur Muhammad installed as the new sultan.[24]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]
  • July 27 – Battle of Visby: King Valdemar IV of Denmark conquers the city of Visby by defeating the defending Gutnish country yeomen, killing 1,200 of their number, and takes Gotland. To avert being sacked and looted, the leaders of Visby pay a large ransom to King Valdemar, which is collected in payments by sheriffs sent regularly to the city for tribute.[29]
  • August 3 – (24th day of 6th month of Shōhei 16) The Shōhei earthquake, estimated centuries later as being at least 8.4 magnitude, strikes off of the eastern coast of Japan and causes a tsunami[30] which sweeps 1,700 houses and their thousands of inhabitants around Yukinominato Bay out to sea.[31]
  • August 6 – The Emir Ahi Ayna guides his army into the Empire of Trebizond and besieges the cities of Lazica, Golacha and Koukos.[32]
  • August 23 – King Peter I of Cyprus lands 10 ships at Antalya in what is now Turkey and, after a one-day siege, conquers the city[33]
  • September 22 – King Peter and his fleet arrive back in Cyprus after bringing back spoils of war and tributes from various regions of Asia Minor.[34]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1362

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]
  • October 13 – The English Parliament is opened for the first time with a speech in English, as delivered by the Lord Chancellor, after having been opened for centuries with a speech in Latin.[54] Under Edward III, the Pleading in English Act makes English rather than Law French the official language in English law courts.[48][55] Sir Henry Green, Chief Justice of the King's Speech, is elected as the Speaker of the House of Lords.
  • October 28 – Guillaume de Grimoard, the apostolic legate to the Kingdom of Naples, is selected in absentia as the new Pope of the Roman Catholic Church after 30 days of disagreements in Avignon on a successor, in that none of the proposed candidates receives the require two-thirds (14 of 20) necessary votes. Rather than informing Grimoard of his election, the cardinals send a message to Florence, stating that they wish to consult with him at Avignon, in that Grimoard (who wishes to keep the papacy at Avignon rather than returning it to Rome) might be detained by authorities in Italy. Grimoard reaches Avignon after nine days of travel from Florence, and takes the papal name of Pope Urban V.[56]
  • October 30 – The English Parliament ends its session after 17 days, and royal assent is given by King Edward III to laws passed therein, including the Purveyance Acts 1363, limiting government purchases to the King and Queen (or authorized representatives), and penalties for purveyors who violate the law, as well as the Parliament Act 1363 ("A parliament shall be holden once in the year.")[57]
  • November 6 – Pope Urban V is crowned after his arrival in Avignon and his consecration as a bishop of the Roman Catholic Church, after having been elected on October 28.
  • November 13 – Lionel of Antwerp, the second son of King Edward III of England, is created Duke of Clarence.[58] and John of Gaunt, King Edward's third son, is created Duke of Lancaster[59]
  • December 5 – The Battle of Launac is fought in France between Jean II, Count of Armagnac and Gaston III Febus, Count of Foix. Not only does Febus triumph in battle, supported by a archers for Foix who fire a volley of arrows into the Armagnac cavalry, Count Jean II and most of the Armagnac leaders are captured as prisoners of war and held for a total ransom of 600,000 gold florins, each with 3.5g of pure gold, equal to 2,100 kilograms (more than 74,000 ounces) of gold. Of this, 300,000 florins are paid for the release of Count Jean.[60]
  • December 21 – Constantine IV succeeds his cousin, Constantine III, as King of Armenia.

Date unknown

[edit]

1363

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1364

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1365

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1366

January – March

[edit]

April – June

[edit]
  • April 17 – Paul of Thebes is appointed by Pope Urban V as the new Latin Patriarch of Constantinople[121]
  • April 26 – Simon Islip, the Archbishop of Canterbury since 1349, dies at Mayfield, Sussex, three years after having suffered a stroke that deprived him of the power of speech, beginning a vacancy that lasts for a year and a half after Bishop William Edington, declines to become the leader of the English Roman Catholic Church.[122]
  • May 4 – The English Parliament assembles at Westminster, but the session adjourns on May 11 without any accomplishments, and does not meet again until 1368.
  • May 10 – King Edward III elects William Edgington, Bishop of Winchester, as the new Archbishop of Canterbury, but Edgington declines the office for reasons of health.[123]
  • May 25 – Arnaud de Cervole, who had assembled a group of mercenaries to join a crusade against the Turks in Hungary, is murdered by his own men while they are encamped on the Rhône river in France near Mâcon.[124]
  • May 29 – After the city councilmen of Bremen refuse to comply with the orders of Bremen's Archbishop-Prince Albert II of Brunswick, troops sent by Albert invade the city, drive out the existing council, and burn the symbol of Bremen's autonomy, the Bremen Roland.[125]
  • June 8 – Having raised funding in Pavia and stopped in Padua on June 1 with his fleet, Amadeus of Savoy and his troops arrive at the Republic of Venice, where the Republic provides him additional support.[114]
  • June 21 – The Savoyard crusade reaches its next phase as Amadeus and his troops depart from Venice toward Bulgaria.[114]
  • June 27 – Count Conrad II of Oldenburg captures the city of Bremen and drives out troops that had been sent by Albert II of Brunswick to end the city's autonomy. Members of the city council, who had been installed temporarily by Albert to replace the existing council members, are beheaded and the autonomy of Bremen and neighboring Stade is restored.[125]
  • June 28 – King Lajos of Hungary issues the Decree of Turda in what is now Romania, granting special privileges to nobles of the province of Transylvania "in order to remove, from this country, malefactors belonging to any nation, especially Romanians," including the power to take measures against non-resident Romanian landowners.[126]

July – September

[edit]

October – December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1367

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1368

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1369

January–March

[edit]
  • January 17 – Peter the Fat becomes the new King of Cyprus when his father, King Peter I, is stabbed to death while in bed at the Palace of La Cava in Nicosia. The murder is carried out by a group of noblemen, led by Philip of Ibelin, Henry of Jubail, John of Gaurelle, and James of Nores, along with some outlaws freed from imprisonment earlier in the evening.[184]
  • January 25 – King Charles of France sends a summons to Edward the Black Prince, who is residing at Bordeaux, demanding that Edward appear before the King in Paris to answer for Edward's assessment of taxes on the people of Aquitaine. The Black Prince reportedly responds with the threat "We will willingly attend at Paris on the day appointed since the King of France sends for us, but it shall be with our helmet on our head and 60,000 men in our company".[185]
  • February 19 – Abu Ishaq Ibrahim II, the Muslim Caliph of Tunis, is killed in a shipwreck at the age of 32 and is succeeded by his 12-year-old son Abu-al-Baqa Khalid II.[186]
  • February – Vladislav I of Wallachia liberates Vidin from the Hungarians, resulting in the restoration of Ivan Sratsimir on the throne of Bulgaria, in the autumn.
  • March 14 – King Pedro of Castile loses the Battle of Montiel to French soldiers led by Bertrand du Guesclin and Castilians led by his half-brother, Enrique. Pedro takes refuge in a fortress and offers du Guesclin 200,000 gold coins and a promise of several towns in Castile, in return for betraying Enrique. Afterwards, du Guesclin informs Enrique of the offer.[187]
  • March 18 – In a period of a few days, more than 800 communities in the Duchy of Aquitaine send requests to King Charles V of France for aid in escaping England's rule.
  • March 23 – Enrique of Castile assassinates King Pedro of Castile after Pedro is betrayed by Bertrand du Guesclin.[187]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]
  • July 9 – Lusignan of Cyprus leads the Cypriots in an unsuccessful attack on Alexandria in Egypt, then retreats, attacks Sidon again on July 19 and then is force by the weather to return to Cyprus, landing back at Famagusta on July 22.
  • July 20 –
    • In the continued conquest of Yuan dynasty China by the Ming dynasty, General Chang Yuchun captures the Yuan capital, Shangdu, forcing the Yuan Emperor Huizong to flee further northward.[191]
    • The kingdoms of England and Scotland sign a 14-year-truce.Dowden, John (1912). The Bishops of Scotland. Glasgow: J. Maitland Thomson.
  • August 15 – Philippa of Hainault, wife of King Edward III, dies after 39 years as Queen consort of England.[197]
  • August 23 – John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, lands with English troops at Calais to begin a raid in France while Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, assembles troops to confront the English invasion. The standoff continues while Lancaster waits for additional troops from the Earl of Warwick.
  • August 24 – Danish–Hanseatic War (1361–1370): After an 18-month siege by the armies of the Hanseatic League and the Kingdom of Sweden, Denmark recaptures Lindholmen Castle and forces a retreat by King Albert of Sweden along with the Hansa and Swedish forces.[198]
  • August 29 – Vladislav I of Wallachia obtains, by permission from the King of Hungary, control of the Transylvanian duchies of Almas and Fagaras
  • September 2 – Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, is forced to disband the army that he had assembled to capture Normandy from the control of England, after being ordered by King Charles V of France.
  • September 22 – Ludovico II Gonzaga becomes the new Lord of Mantua upon the death of his father, Guido Gonzaga.[199]
  • September 29 – The Treaty of Scharding is signed between Duke Albrecht III of Austria and Duke Stephen II of Bavaria to end the dispute over control of Tyrol.[200]
  • September – Hundred Years' War: The French burn Portsmouth, England;[201] the English raid Picardy and Normandy.[202]

October–December

[edit]
  • October 18 – John V Palaiologos, partiarch of Constantinople and leader of the Eastern Orthodox Christian faith, meets in Rome with the Roman Catholic Pope Urban V and agrees to recognize the Pope as the leader of all Christendom, after negotiation between Rome and Constantinople had been made by Demetrios Chrysoloras.[203]
  • November 30 – Hundred Years' War: Charles V of France recaptures most of Aquitaine from the English.[202]
  • December 7 – The Estates General in France approves the request by King Charles V to raise taxes in order to finance the renewed war with England.
  • December 25 – Frederick the Simple, King of Sicily, issues an order on Christmas Day directing all Jews on the island to wear a red badge identifying their heritage.S. O. "Sicily". The Jewish Encyclopedia. p. 324. The wearing of a special badge was ordered by the same monarch on Dec. 25, 1369. The badge consisted of piece of red material, not smaller than the largest royal seal; men were required to wear it, under the chin, and women on the breast.
  • December – Financed by Charles V of France, Welshman Owain Lawgoch launches an invasion fleet against the English, in an attempt to claim the throne of Wales.A storm causes Owain to abandon the invasion. [204]

Dates unknown

[edit]

Significant people

[edit]

Births

1360

1361

1362

1363

1364

1365

1366

1367

1368

1369

Deaths

1360

1361

1362

1363

1364

1365

1366

1367

1368

1369

References

[edit]
  1. ↑ Wagner, John A., ed. (2022). Voices of the Renaissance: Contemporary Accounts of Daily Life. Greenwood. p. 285.
  2. ↑ "조선 수군, 칠천량 해전에서 대패하다" [The Red Turban Rebellion:Bandits with Red Headscarves Push into Goryeo 1362 (11th year of King Gongmin).] (in Korean). History Net.
  3. ↑ Karpov, S. P. (2018). "Načalo smuty v Zolotoj Orde i perevorot Navruza" [The Onset of Turmoil in the Golden Horde and the Coup of Navruz]. Zolotoordynskoe obozrenie (Review of the Golden Horde). 6: 528–536.
  4. ↑ Hunt, William (1889). "Edward the Black Prince" . In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 17. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 62.
  5. ↑ Lock, Peter (2013). The Routledge Companion to the Crusades. Taylor & Francis. p. 186.
  6. ↑ Rogers, Clifford J. (1999-01-01). The Wars of Edward III: Sources and Interpretations. Boydell & Brewer. ISBN 9780851156460.
  7. ↑ Tuchman, Barbara W. (2011-08-03). A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century. Random House. ISBN 9780307793690.
  8. ↑ Regmi, D.R. (1952). Ancient and Medieval Nepal (PDF). Lucknow: Prem Printing Press. p. 155.
  9. 1 2 Sumption, Jonathan (2001). The Hundred Years War. Vol. II: Trial by Fire. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 447–448.
  10. ↑ Twinthin Taikwun Maha Sithu (2012) [1798]. Myint Swe; Kyaw Win; Thein Hlaing (eds.). Yazawin Thit (in Burmese). Vol. 1 (2nd printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing. p. 170.
  11. ↑ Middleton, John (2015). World Monarchies and Dynasties. Routledge. p. 806. ISBN 978-1-317-45158-7.
  12. 1 2 Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn (1906). Historical Memorials of Canterbury. London: J. M. Dent & Co. pp. 234, 276–279.
  13. ↑ Chronology of Sweden". worldtimeline.info. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  14. ↑ Vidal Castro, Francisco. "Ismail II". Diccionario Biográfico electrónico (in Spanish). Real Academia de la Historia.
  15. ↑ Barthold, Friedrich Wilhelm (1834). Geschichte von Rügen und Pommern. Vol. 3. F. Perthes. p. 434. Ehe noch der Frieden zu Helsingborg (10. August 1360) diese Umfehe der Dinge und die Billigung derselben und durch Albrecht von Mecklenburg, den Echwager des unwurbigen Schwedenkonigs, zu verburgen sebien, sehen wie die Rathsboten der wendischen Stadte in geipanntze Ermartung bein Valdemar in Kopenhagen. (Even before the Peace of Helsingborg (August 10, 1360)—which was to guarantee this turn of events and its endorsement by Albert of Mecklenburg, the unworthy Swedish king's brother-in-law, could be concluded, we see the envoys of the Wendish towns awaiting Valdemar in Copenhagen in a state of tense anticipation.)
  16. ↑ Mikael Nordberg, I kung Magnus tid (In the Times of King Magnus) ISBN 91-1-952122-7
  17. ↑ Sumption 2001, p. 448.
  18. ↑ L. Ciani (1926). Les Monnaies Royales Françaises de Hugues Capet à Louis XVI avec indication de leur valeur actuelle. B. Hoffman's. pp. 77, 92.
  19. 1 2 Twitchett, Denis (1998). The Cambridge History of China, Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 41. ISBN 9780521243322.
  20. ↑ "Historical Kırkpınar oil wrestling festival kicks off in northwestern Turkey". DailySabah. 2018-07-13. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  21. ↑ Latham, John D. & Fernández-Puertas, Antonio (1993). "Naṣrids". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VII: Mif–Naz. Leiden: E. J. Brill. p. 1024. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2.
  22. ↑ "1360: 34 Edward 3 c.1: Justices of the Peace". The Statutes Project. 28 November 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2018.
  23. ↑ Chronological Table of the Statutes: Covering the Period from 1235 to the End of 1971. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1972. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-11-840096-1 – via Google Books.
  24. ↑ Bauden, Frédéric. "The Qalawunids: A Pedigree" http://mamluk.uchicago.edu/qalawunids/qalawunid-pedigree.pdf (PDF). University of Chicago. Retrieved 2023-06-21.
  25. ↑ "History". www.unipv.eu (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2017-12-15. Retrieved 2017-10-10.
  26. ↑ Mollat, Guillaume (1912). The Popes of Avignon: (1305-1378) (2d ed.). Paris: LeCoffre. pp. 288–299.
  27. ↑ Shrewsbury, J. F. D. (1970). A History of Bubonic Plague in the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-52102-247-7.
  28. ↑ Yücel, Yaşar (October 1971). "Mutahharten ve Erzincan Emirliği" [Mutahharten and the Emirate of Erzincan]. Belleten (in Turkish). 35 (140): 669.
  29. ↑ Lihammer, Anna (2011). "Slaget om Visby". Arkeologiska upptäckter i Sverige. Lund: Historiska Media ISBN 978-91-85873-96-8
  30. ↑ "Earthquake Information". Water Damage Defense. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  31. ↑ Ishibashi, Katsuhiko (2016). "Did the top of the nine-ringed finial of the Horyu-ji Temple's five-story pagoda really burn during the 1361 Kōan Nankai Earthquake?" (PDF). Historical Earthquakes (in jp) (31): 75–79.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  32. ↑ Shukurov, Rustam (June 1994). "Between Peace and Hostility: Trebizond and the Pontic Turkish Periphery in the Fourteenth Century". Mediterranean Historical Review. 9 (1). Routledge: 33.
  33. ↑ .Boulton, D'Arcy Jonathan Dacre (1987). The Knights of the Crown: The Monarchical Orders of Knighthood in Later Medieval Europe, 1325–1520. The Boydell Press. pp. 241–249.
  34. ↑ Ghazarian, Jacob G. (2000). The Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia During the Crusades. Routledge. pp. 166–168.
  35. ↑ Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  36. 1 2 Jeong Hae-eun (ed.). 고려시대 군사전략 [Military Strategy of the Goryeo Dynasty] (in Korean). Military History Compilation Institute, Ministry of National Defense. p. 294.
  37. ↑ López de Ayala, Pero; Pero López de Ayala (1779). "8". Cronicas de los reyes de Castilla: Don Pedro, Don Enrique II, Don Juan I, Don Enrique III. Madrid: Imprenta de Don Antonio de Sancha. pp. 335–336.
  38. ↑ Schnerb, Bertrand (1999). "Chapter 2". L'État bourguignon (1363-1477) (in French). Paris: Perrin. Five days later, on December 28, the king had the Estates of the Duchy of Burgundy, that is, the representatives of the Church, the nobles, and the townspeople, assembled before him at Saint-Bénigne.
  39. ↑ Vaughan, Richard (2002). "Chapter 1". Philip the Bold: The Formation of the Burgundian State. Boydell Press. King John at once laid claim to and took possession of this important fief which, if it could have been incorporated into the royal domain, would have greatly increased the power and the income of the crown. But the local particularism of the inhabitants, coupled with King John's generous feelings towards his youngest son, made this impossible.
  40. ↑ Moss, Stephen (January 20, 2011). "Weatherwatch: The Grote Mandrenke". The Guardian.
  41. ↑ Nordberg, Michael. I kung Magnus tid: Norden under Magnus Eriksson (1317–1374). Norstedt. p. 77. ISBN 9789119521224.
  42. 1 2 Fernández-Puertas, Antonio (1997). "The Three Great Sultans of al-Dawla al-Ismā'īliyya al-Naṣriyya Who Built the Fourteenth-Century Alhambra: Ismā'īl I, Yūsuf I, Muḥammad V (713–793/1314–1391)". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 7 (1). Cambridge University Press: 18.
  43. ↑ Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 258. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
  44. ↑ Ngô Sĩ Liên (1993), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, page 257, Volume VII, "Dụ Tông hoàng đế"
  45. ↑ "Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p27
  46. ↑ Schöntag, Wilfried (2016). "Ulrich III.". Neue Deutsche Biographie (in German). Vol. 26 (Online ed.). pp. 596–597. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  47. ↑ Boulton, D'Arcy Jonathan Dacre (2000). The Knights of the Crown: The Monarchical Orders of Knighthood in Later Medieval Europe, 1325–1520. Boydell Press. p. 214. ISBN 0851157955.
  48. 1 2 Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 106–108. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  49. 1 2 Shukurov, Rustam (June 1994). "Between Peace and Hostility: Trebizond and the Pontic Turkish Periphery in the Fourteenth Century". Mediterranean Historical Review. 9 (1). Routledge: 35–36.
  50. ↑ Blagojević, Miloš (2001), Državna uprava u srpskim srednjovekovnim zemljama [State Administration in Serbian Medieval Countries] (in Serbian) (2nd ed.), Belgrade: Službeni list SRJ, p. 178, ISBN 86-355-0497-6
  51. ↑ Mihaljčić, Rade (1989) [1975], Kraj srpskog carstva [The End of the Serbian Empire] (in Serbian), Belgrade: Beogradski izdavačko-grafički zavod, pp. 37–39, ISBN 978-86-13-00346-5
  52. ↑ Warner, Kathryn (2020). Philippa of Hainault: Mother of the English Nation. Amberley Publishing. p. 310. ISBN 978-1-4456-6280-0.
  53. ↑ Trollope, Thomas Adolphus (1876). The Papal Conclaves, as They Were and as They Are. Chapman and Hall. p. 98.
  54. ↑ "The slang words that defined the First World War". The Daily Telegraph. Oct 13, 2014. Archived from the original on October 18, 2014. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
  55. ↑ "Statute of Pleading". Language and Law.org. 1362. Retrieved 2014-02-03.
  56. ↑ Baumgartner, Frederic J. (2003). Behind Locked Doors: A History of the Papal Elections. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 54. ISBN 0-312-29463-8.
  57. ↑ Chronological Table of and Index to the Statutes. Vol. 1: To the End of the Session 59 Vict. Sess. 2 (1895) (13th ed.). London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1896. p. 28 – via Google Books.
  58. ↑ "Lionel of Antwerp, duke of Clarence | English noble". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2018-01-24.
  59. ↑ Kingsford, Charles Lethbridge (1911). "Lancaster, John of Gaunt, duke of" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 146–147.
  60. ↑ Vernier, Richard (2008). Lord of the Pyrenees: Gaston Fébus, Count of Foix. Woodbridge: Boydell Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-84383-356-7.
  61. 1 2 History of Ming, Vol.133
  62. ↑ Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 86. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
  63. ↑ Giuseppe Oreste (1960). "Adorno, Gabriele". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani. Vol. 1. Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana.
  64. ↑ Etting, Vivian (2009), Margrete den første, Nordisk Forlag A/S, p. 16, ISBN 978-8702071771
  65. ↑ Meinardus, Otto F.A. (2002). Two Thousand Years of Coptic Christianity. American University in Cairo Press. ISBN 978-977-424-757-6.
  66. ↑ Udvardy, József (1991). A kalocsai érsekek életrajza (1000–1526) [Biographies of Archbishops of Kalocsa, 1000–1526] (in Hungarian). Görres Gesellschaft. p. 229.
  67. ↑ Steenbergen, Jo Van (September 2011). "The Amir Yalbughā al-Khāṣṣakī, the Qalāwūnid Sultanate, and the Cultural Matrix of Mamlūk Society: A Reassessment of Mamlūk Politics in the 1360s". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 131 (3). American Oriental Society: 437. JSTOR 41380710.
  68. ↑ Spéváček, Jiri (1986). Václav IV. 1361–1419. K předpokladům husitské revoluce [Wenceslas IV (1361–1419): On the Presuppositions of the Hussite Revolution]. Prague: Nakladatelsvi Svoboda. pp. 45–47.
  69. ↑ Tucoo-Chala, Pierre (1991). Gaston Fébus, prince des Pyrénées (in French). Ėditions Deucalion. p. 117. ISBN 2-906483-43-5.
  70. ↑ Kosto, Adam J. (2012). Hostages in the Middle Ages. Oxford University Press. p. 163. ISBN 9780199651702.
  71. ↑ Lafuente Gomez, Mario (2009). La guerra de los Dos Pedros en Aragón (1356-1366): Impacto y trascendencia de un conflicto bajomedieval [The War of the Two Peters in Aragon (1356-1366): Impact and Transcendence of a Late Medieval Conflict]. University of Zaragoza. pp. 93–95.
  72. ↑ Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. (1994). The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. University of Michigan Press. p. 369. ISBN 0472081497.
  73. ↑ McKee, Sally (December 1994). "The Revolt of St Tito in fourteenth-century Venetian Crete: A reassessment". Mediterranean Historical Review. 9 (2): 173–204.
  74. ↑ Poupardin, René (1911). "Philip the Bold" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 386.
  75. ↑ Emberley, Julia V. (1998). Venus and furs: the cultural politics of fur. London: I.B. Tauris. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-86064-227-2.
  76. ↑ Mollat, Guillaume (1914). "Androin de La Roche". In Alfred Baudrillart; P. Richard; Albert Vogt; Urbain Rouziès (eds.). Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques. Vol. 2. Paris: Letouzey et Ané. pp. 1770–1773.
  77. ↑ Rollason, David; Prestwich, Michael (1998). The Battle of Neville's Cross, 146. Stamford, Lincolnshire: Shaun Tyas.
  78. ↑ İnalcık, Halil (1994). Kuruluş Dönemi Osmanlı Sultanları (in Turkish). İSAM. pp. 69–71. ISBN 978-605-5586-06-5.
  79. ↑ Fine, John V. A. Jr. (1994) [1987]. The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. pp. 377–378. ISBN 0472082604.
  80. ↑ Autrand, Françoise (1994). Charles V, le Sage [Chrles V the Wise]. Paris: Fayard. p. 446. ISBN 2-213-02769-2.
  81. ↑ Mote, Frederick W (1988). "The rise of the Ming dynasty, 1330–1367". The Cambridge History of China Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 55. ISBN 0521243327.
  82. ↑ "5 forgotten queens and princesses of Scotland". www.scotsman.com. April 2019. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  83. ↑ Felice Ceretti (1877). "Una pagina da aggiungersi alla genealogia Pico della Mirandola: Giovanni di Nicoló Pico" [A page to be added to the Pico della Mirandola genealogy: Giovanni di Nicolò Pico]. Giornale araldico-genealogico-diplomatico (in Italian). Pisa: Accademia Araldica Italiana. pp. 42–47.
  84. ↑ Setton, Kenneth M. (1976). The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571. Vol. I. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. p. 285.
  85. ↑ "Charles V | king of France". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  86. ↑ Iłowiecki, Maciej (1981). Dzieje nauki polskiej [History of Polish Science]. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Interpress. p. 23. ISBN 83-223-1876-6. .
  87. ↑ Jean Froissart (1391). "The Online Froissart: transcriptions and reproductions of many manuscripts of the Chronicles".
  88. ↑ Sumption, Jonathan (2001). The Hundred Years War: Trial by Fire. (University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 511.
  89. ↑ Schnerb, Bertrand (2005). L'État bourguignon [The Burgundian State]. Paris: Tempus. p. 44. ISBN 978-2-262-02360-7.
  90. ↑ Barsoum, Aphrem (2008). The History of Tur Abdin. Translated by Matti Moosa. Gorgias Press. p. 95.
  91. ↑ Venerable Philotheus, Patriarch of Constantinople, in The Lives of the Saints (The Orthodox Church in America, 2020)
  92. ↑ Istrati, Constantin I. (1979). Vladislav I, 1364-1377. Bucharest: Editura Militara.
  93. ↑ Gian Maria Varanini, ed. (1989). "Gian Maria Varanini , Della Scala, Paolo Alboino". Dizionario biografico degli italiani. Vol. 37. Institute of the Italian Encyclopedia.
  94. ↑ Royal Historical Commission of Burma (2003) [1832]. Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1. Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar. pp. 396–398.
  95. ↑ "The Age of the King". A 14th century political history of Sweden. August 3, 2012.
  96. ↑ Cours d'histoire des Etats Européens. Maximilian-Samson-Friedrich Schöll Publié par Gide Fils. 1830.
  97. ↑ "University of Vienna: 650 Years". November 13, 2015. Archived from the original on July 11, 2022.
  98. ↑ "War of the Breton Succession | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2026-06-22. Retrieved 2026-08-18.
  99. ↑ Graham-Goering, Erika (2020). Princely Power in Late Medieval France: Jeanne de Penthièvre and the War for Brittany. Cambridge University Press. p. 76. ISBN 9781108805544.
  100. ↑  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Shahan, Thomas Joseph (1913). "Council of Apt". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  101. ↑ "1360s". Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German). Vol. 24. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. 1887. pp. 663–669.
  102. ↑ "The Grand Masters". Sovereign Order of Malta.
  103. ↑ Delaville Le Roulx, Joseph (1913). Les Hospitaliers à Rhodes jusqu'à la mort de Philibert de Naillac (1310–1421) [The Hospitallers in Rhodes until the death of Philibert de Naillac (1310–1421)] (in French). pp. 130–133.
  104. ↑ Kostova, Rossina (2010). "Vidin, Siege of". In Clifford J. Rogers (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology. Oxford University Press.
  105. 1 2 Cox, Eugene L. (1967). The Green Count of Savoy: Amadeus VI and Transalpine Savoy in the Fourteenth Century. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 199–205. ISBN 978-1-4008-7499-6.
  106. ↑ "Cornaro, Marco". Dizionario biografico degli italiani. Vol. 29. Institute of the Italian Encyclopediayear=1983.
  107. ↑ Jaschke, Karl-Ulrich (1997). "From Famous Empresses to Unspectacular Queens". In Duggan, Anne J. (ed.). Queens and Queenship in Medieval Europe. The Boydell Press. p. 102. ISBN 9780851158815.
  108. ↑ Ke Shaomin. "Emperor Huizong". New History of Yuan Dynasty (in Chinese). Republic of China. In the seventh month of autumn, on the day of Yiyou, Boluo Temur was executed
  109. ↑ Mote, Frederick; Twitchett, Denis (1988). The Cambridge History of China Volume 7 The Ming Dynasty, 1368-1644, Part I. Cambridge University Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-521-24332-2.
  110. ↑ Keith McMahon (2016). Celestial Women: Imperial Wives and Concubines in China from Song to Qing. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 66–67.
  111. ↑ Alexander Mikaberidze (2011). "Sack of Alexandria (1365)". Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 72.
  112. ↑ Eriksen, Anders Bager (2017). "Dansk-Hanseatisk Krig (1362-65)" [The Danish-Hanseatic War (1362-65)]. Historiskerejser.dk (in Danish).
  113. ↑ Tucoo-Chala, Pierre (1976). Gaston Fébus : un grand prince d'Occident au XIVe siècle. Pau: Marrimpouey. p. 122.
  114. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Cox, Eugene L. (1967). The Green Count of Savoy: Amadeus VI and Transalpine Savoy in the Fourteenth Century. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 206–224.
  115. ↑ "St. Euphrosyne the Princess, (Eudocia) of Moscow", Orthodox Church in America
  116. ↑ Lee, Sidney, ed. (1893). "Lovekyn, John" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 34. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  117. ↑ Coffey, Padraic (2021). This Day in Irish History. O'Brien Press. ISBN 9781788493116.
  118. ↑ Ormrod, W. M. (January 2008b) [2004]. "Lionel, duke of Clarence (1338–1368)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/16750. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
  119. 1 2 López de Ayala, Pero (1780). "Crónica de don Enrique II" [The Chronicle of Don Enrique II] (PDF). Cronicas de los Reyes de Castilla (Chronicles of the Kings of Castille).
  120. ↑ Previte-Orton, C.W. (1952). The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History: The Twelfth Century to the Renaissance. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. pp. 795–796.
  121. ↑ "Patriarch Paolo de Tebe". Catholic-Hierarchy.org.
  122. ↑ Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
  123. ↑ Poole, R. L. (1888). "Edginton, William". In Leslie Stephen (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 16. London: Smith, Elder, & Co. pp. 386–387.
  124. ↑ Autrand, Françoise (1994). Charles V, le Sage (in French). Fayard. p. 501. ISBN 9782213027692.
  125. 1 2 Karl Ernst Hermann Krause (1875). "Albert II., Erzbischof von Bremen" . Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German). Vol. 1. Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot. pp. 180–181.
  126. ↑ Pop, Ioan-Aurel (2003). "Nations and Denominations in Transylvania (13th-14th Century)". In Lévai, Csaba; Vese, Vasile (eds.). Tolerance and Intolerance in Historical Perspective. Plus. p. 122. ISBN 88-8492-139-2.
  127. ↑ Setton, Kenneth M. (1976). The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571. Vol. I. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. p. 289.
  128. ↑ Jaques, Tony (2006). Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty-first Century. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 516. ISBN 978-0-313-02799-4.
  129. ↑ Sherwani, Haroon Khan (1985). The Bahmanis of the Deccan. Munshiram Manoharlal.
  130. ↑ Vego, Marko (1982). Postanak srednjovjekovne bosanske države. Sarajevo: Svjetlost. p. 41.
  131. ↑ Linehan, Peter (2005). "Castille, Navarre and Portugal". The New Cambridge Medieval History. Vol. 6. Cambridge University Press. p. 640. ISBN 978-0521362900.
  132. ↑ Schulim Ochser. "Sicily". The Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. Ktav Publishing House, Inc. p. 324. The external decoration of synagogues was prohibited by Frederick III on Oct. 12, 1366; in consequence of this law old synagogues that had already been decorated were pulled down.
  133. ↑ "Closest Approaches to the Earth by Comets". Minor Planet Center.
  134. ↑ Wikisource This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Clarence, Dukes of s.v. Lionel of Antwerp". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 428.
  135. ↑ Fatih Yahya, Ayaz (2007). "Türk Memlükler Döneminin Büyük Emîrlerinden Yelboğa El-Ömerî (Ö. 768/1366) ve İdaredeki Nüfuzu" [Yelboğa El-Ömerî (d. 768/1366), One of the Great Emirs of the Turkish Mamluk Period, and His Influence in Administration]. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi (Journal of the Institute of Social Sciences (in Turkish). 16 (1). Çukurova Üniversity: 92–94.
  136. 1 2 Mote, Frederick W. (1988). "The rise of the Ming dynasty, 1330–1367". The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 7. Cambridge University Press. pp. 30–35. ISBN 9780521243322.
  137. ↑ Wikisource One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ferdinand I. of Portugal". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 265.
  138. ↑ "League of God's House" in Romansh, German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.
  139. ↑ Jones, Michael (2018). The Black Prince. Pegasus Books. p. 1292. ISBN 9781784972936.
  140. ↑  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Fotheringham, James Gainsborough (1889), "Felton, William (d.1367)", in Stephen, Leslie (ed.), Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 18, London: Smith, Elder & Co, p. 311
  141. ↑ Sein Lwin Lay, Kahtika U (2006) [1968]. Mintaya Shwe Hti and Bayinnaung: Ketumadi Taungoo Yazawin (in Burmese). Yangon: Yan Aung Sarpay. pp. 22–23.
  142. ↑ Froissart, Jean (1808). Sir John Froissart's Chronicles of England, France, Spain, and the Adjoining Countries, from the Latter Part of the Reign of Edward II. to the Coronation of Henry IV. Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme. p. 302.
  143. ↑  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Hunt, William (1889), "Edward the Black Prince", in Stephen, Leslie (ed.), Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 17, London: Smith, Elder & Co, p. 98
  144. ↑ The Chronological Historian:Volume 1. p. 59.
  145. ↑ Boardman, S. I. (2004). "Robert III". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/23714. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
  146. ↑ Beers, Kylene (2003). Holt Literature and Language Arts. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. p. 113. ISBN 978-0030573743.
  147. ↑ Cokayne, George Edward (1912). "Bedford (County)". The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom: Bass to Canning. St. Catherine Press. p. 69.
  148. ↑ Rosamond McKitterick, ed. (1995). The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 6, C.1300-c.1415. Cambridge University Press. p. 113.
  149. ↑ Warner, Kathryn (2022). John of Gaunt: Son of One King, Father of Another. Amberley Publishing. ISBN 9781445670324.
  150. ↑ Cox, Eugene L. (1974). The Eagles of Savoy: The House of Savoy in Thirteenth-Century Europe. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 240.
  151. ↑ Than Tun (December 1959). "History of Burma: A.D. 1300–1400". Journal of Burma Research Society. XLII (II): 128.
  152. ↑ Lipscomb, George (1847). "Hardwick, with Weedon". The History and Antiquities of the County of Buckingham. Vol. 3. J. & W. Robins. p. 361. Being now qualified, by his ecclesiastical promotion, for further advancement in the State, he was constituted Chancellor of England, and confirmed in that high office, 17 September 1367.
  153. ↑ Hill, George (1948). A History Of Cyprus, Volume II, The Frankish Period, 1192-1432. Cambridge University Press. pp. 352–353.
  154. 1 2 Twitchett 1998, p. 34-35.
  155. ↑ [154]
  156. ↑ Dollinger, Philippe (1970). The German Hansa. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-0742-8.
  157. ↑ Twitchett 1998, p. 97.
  158. ↑ Frederick Mote (1988). "The rise of the Ming dynasty, 1330–1367". The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 7. Cambridge University Press. pp. 51–57. ISBN 9780521243322.
  159. 1 2 3 4 Langlois, John D. (1988). "The Hung-wu reign, 1368–1398". In Frederick W. Mote; Denis C. Twitchett (eds.). The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 7. Cambridge University Press. pp. 111–113. ISBN 0521243327.
  160. ↑ Frederick Mote (1999). Imperial China: 900-1800. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. p. 563. ISBN 978-0-674-01212-7.
  161. ↑ Masson, Paul (1937). Encyclopédie départementale des Bouches-du-Rhône, Archives départementales des Bouches-du-Rhône. Marseille. p. 405.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  162. 1 2 Clément Onimus, "Peter I of Lusignan's Crusade and the Reaction of the Mamluk Sultanate", in Alexander D. Beihammer and Angel Nicolaou-Konnari, eds., Crusading, Society, and Politics in the Eastern Mediterranean in the Age of King Peter I of Cyprus (Brepols, 2022), pp. 251–271, at 258–259.
  163. ↑ Sandalinka, Shin (1781). Mani Yadanabon (in Burmese) (2009, 4th printing ed.). Yangon: Seit-Ku Cho Cho. p. 35.
  164. ↑ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 158.
  165. 1 2 3 Reisnert, Anders (2015). The Siege and Storm of Lindholmen during the Second Hanseatic War (1368-1369) (PDF). Bonn: Rudolf Habelt GMBH. pp. 206–208.
  166. ↑ McKee, Sally (December 1994), "The Revolt of St Tito in fourteenth-century Venetian Crete: A reassessment", Mediterranean Historical Review, 9(2): 173–204, doi:10.1080/09518969408569670
  167. ↑ "Acts of the English Parliament from 1368". legislation.gov.uk. The National Archives.
  168. ↑ Edward Rymar (2005). Rodowód książąt pomorskich [Genealogy of the Dukes of Pomerania]. Pomeranian Library. pp. 315–316.
  169. ↑ "Sylwetki ważniejszych książąt śląskich". Archived from the original on 2006-09-07. Retrieved 2006-09-29.
  170. ↑ W. Pengelly (1886). "Prince's 'Worthies of Devon' and the 'Dictionary of National Biography'". Report and Transactions of the Devonshire Association of Science, Literature, and Art. XVIII: 349.
  171. ↑ Crowley, Roger (2011). City of Fortune - How Venice Won and lost a Naval Empire (Hardback). London: Faber and Faber. ISBN 978-0-571-24594-9.
  172. ↑ Ormrod, W. M. (January 2008b) [2004]. "Lionel, duke of Clarence (1338–1368)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/16750. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
  173. 1 2 Lee, Alexander (2018). Humanism and Empire: The Imperial Ideal in Fourteenth-Century Italy. Oxford University Press. p. 141. ISBN 9780191662645.
  174. ↑ Warner, Kathryn (2017). Richard II: A True King's Fall. Amberley Publishing.
  175. ↑ "Von den Grafen zu Schwerin (1166-1359)". lexikus.de (in German). Retrieved 2025-06-05.
  176. ↑ Fine 1994, pp. 372–373: "Karlo entered into close relations with Venice, which granted him Venetian citizenship and called him Prince of Albania."
  177. ↑ Sălăgean, Tudor (2006). "Romanian society in the early Middle Ages". In Ioan-Aurel, Pop (ed.). History of Romania: Compendium. Romanian Cultural Institute (Center for Transylvanian Studies). p. 201. ISBN 978-973-7784-12-4.
  178. ↑ Shahane, Girish (28 December 2016). "Counterview: Taimur's actions were uniquely horrific in Indian history". Scroll.in. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
  179. ↑ Coedès, George (1968). Walter F. Vella (ed.). The Indianized States of Southeast Asia. trans.Susan Brown Cowing. University of Hawaii Press, pp.  219–220 . ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1
  180. ↑ Martin, Janet (2007). Medieval Russia: 980–1584. Second Edition. E-book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-511-36800-4
  181. ↑ Batūra, Romas (2013). "Algirdo žygiai į Maskvą 1368 1370, 1372". In Zikaras, Karolis (ed.). Žymiausi Lietuvos mūšiai ir karinės operacijos (in Lithuanian) (2nd ed.). Vilnius: Alio. pp. 46–49. ISBN 978-9986-827-05-4.
  182. ↑ David A. Hanser (2006). Architecture of France. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 115.
  183. ↑ 'Introduction' to Canzoniere, translated by Anthony Mortimer (London: Penguin, 2002), xiv.
  184. ↑ Edbury, Peter (1980). "The murder of King Peter I of Cyprus (1359–1369)". Journal of Medieval History. 6 (2): 219–233.
  185. ↑  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Hunt, William (1889), "Edward the Black Prince", in Stephen, Leslie (ed.), Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 17, London: Smith, Elder & Co, p. 99
  186. ↑ Brunschwig, Robert (1940). La Berberie Orientale sous les Hafsides [The Eastern Berbers under the Hafsids]. Adrienne-Maisonneuve. pp. 185–187.
  187. 1 2 Díaz Martín, Luis Vicente (2007). Pedro I the Cruel (2nd ed.). Gijón: Ediciones Trea S.L. p. 275. ISBN 978-84-9704-274-1.
  188. ↑ Busquet, Raoul (1954). Histoire de Provence (in French) (1997 ed.). Imprimerie nationale de Monaco. p. 198.
  189. ↑ Carr, Gregory. "St. Elzéar of Sabran." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 30 September 2021Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  190. ↑ Vrtel, Ladislav (2003). Osem storočí slovenskej heraldiky [Eight Centuries of Slovak Heraldry]. p. 94. ISBN 9788070906910. Privy pripad udelenia erbu listinou predstavuje listina Ludovita I, so. 7. maja 139, korou Kosciciam udeluje mestsky erb.
  191. 1 2 Langlois, Jr., John D. (1988). "The Hung-wu Reign, 1368–1398". The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 7. Cambridge University Press. p. 117.
  192. ↑ Ngô, Sĩ Liên (1993), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư [Annals of Dai Viet] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing House, p. 259
  193. ↑ Favier, Jean (1980). La guerre de Cent Ans [The Hundred Years War] (in French). Paris: Fayard. p. 324. ISBN 2-213-00898-1.
  194. ↑ Chronological Table of the Statutes: Covering the Period from 1235 to the End of 1971. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1972. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-11-840096-1 – via Google Books.
  195. ↑ Vaughan, Richard (2009). Philip the Bold: The Formation of the Burgundian state. The Boydell Press. p. 16.
  196. ↑ Setton, Kenneth Meyer (1976). The Papacy and the Levant, 1204-1571: The thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. American Philosophical Society. p. 282. ISBN 9780871691149.
  197. ↑ Vale, Juliet (2010) [2004]. "Philippa [Philippa of Hainault] (1310x15?–1369)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22110. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
  198. ↑ Reisnert, Anders (2015). The Siege and Storm of Lindholmen during the Second Hanseatic War (1368-1369) (PDF). Bonn: Rudolf Habelt GMBH. pp. 206–213.
  199. ↑ Bartlett, Kenneth R. (2013). A Short History of the Italian Renaissance. University of Toronto Press. p. 190.
  200. ↑ Staffler, Johann Jacob (1839). Tirol und Vorarlberg. Vol. 1. Verlag Rauch. p. 17.
  201. ↑ "Dockyard Timeline". Portsmouth Royal Dockyard Historical Trust. Retrieved 2018-09-21.
  202. 1 2 Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 06–108. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  203. ↑ Edward Gibbon (1789). "66. Visit of John Palaeologus to Urban V. at Rome, A.D. 1369, 13 October". The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Strahan & Cadell.
  204. ↑ Pierce, Thomas Jones (1959). "Owain ap Thomas ap Rhodri (' Owain Lawgoch '; died 1378), a soldier of fortune and pretender to the principality of Wales". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales.
  205. ↑ James C. Bradford (2004). International Encyclopedia of Military History. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-93661-6.
  206. ↑ Kalman A. Dubov. Journey to the Kingdom of Cambodia.
  207. ↑ Ahmed Rashid (2017). The Resurgence of Central Asia: Islam or Nationalism?. New York Revie Books. p. 254.
  208. ↑ Huberty, Michel; Giraud, Alain & Magdelaine, F. & B. (1981). l'Allemagne Dynastique (in French). Vol. Tome III: Brunswick-Nassau-Schwarzbourg. Le Perreux: Alain Giraud. p. 219.
  209. ↑ Dek, A.W.E. (1970). Genealogie van het Vorstenhuis Nassau (in Dutch). Zaltbommel: Europese Bibliotheek. p. 66.
  210. ↑ "World-Changing Women: Christine de Pizan". www.open.edu. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  211. ↑ Self-Fashioning and Assumptions of Identity in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia. BRILL. 2015. p. 54. ISBN 9789004291003.
  212. ↑ Andrew, M. (2016). The Palgrave Literary Dictionary of Chaucer. Springer. p. 11. ISBN 9780230273962.
  213. ↑ "Eleanor de Bohun, Duchess of Gloucester". Westminster Abbey. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
  214. ↑ "BBC - History - Historic Figures: Richard II (1367 - 1400)". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
  215. ↑ "Charles VI | king of France". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
  216. ↑ Prestes, Maria Elice de Brzezinski; Silva, Cibelle Celestino (2018). Teaching Science with Context: Historical, Philosophical, and Sociological Approaches. Springer. p. 344. ISBN 9783319740362.
  217. ↑ "John II | king of France". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  218. ↑ Rikabi, J. (1971). "Ibn Nubāta". In Lewis, B.; Ménage, V. L.; Pellat, Ch. & Schacht, J. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume III: H–Iram. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 900–901. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3325. OCLC 495469525.
  219. ↑ Twitchett 1998, p. 51.