This publication corrects and replaces CIE 249:2022 Visual Aspects of Time-Modulated Lighting Systems. There was an ambiguity in the original document, where one clause clearly stated that the calculation method provided for SVM needs further verification while another clause implied that this method is recommended for use. A change in a paragraph in Clause 6 clears the ambiguity and emphasizes the need for further verification of the calculation method provided for SVM. This change also points out that the framework provided in the original publication for predicting phantom array visibility is not a method suitable for application or standardization.
For purchasers of the original publication, the Corrigendum is available to download free of charge from the CIE website here.
The fast rate at which solid-state light sources can change their luminous output is one of the main drivers behind the revolution in the lighting industry and applications of lighting. The fast rate of the intensity change means that a modulation of the luminous output, both intended and unintended, is directly linked to the modulation of the driving current. In turn, the light modulation can give rise to distortions in the perception of the environment.
While in some very specific entertainment applications a distorted perception due to light modulation is desired, for most everyday applications and activities the distortion is detrimental and undesired. These changes in the perception of the environment are called “temporal light artefacts” (TLAs) and can have a large influence on the experience of the illumination quality. Moreover, studies indicate that exposure to light exhibiting visible and measurable temporal modulation can lead to a decrease in performance, increased fatigue as well as acute health problems like migraine episodes. The potential negative effect of TLAs has prompted lighting manufacturers, lighting application specialists, universities and governments to look for ways to measure the effect and come to a better understanding of the temporal quality aspects of lighting systems. In this context, the CIE established Technical Committee (TC) 1-83 "Visual Aspects of Time-Modulated Lighting Systems".
In 2016, the CIE published the first output of TC 1-83, TN 006:2016 Visual Aspects of Time-Modulated Lighting Systems — Definitions and Measurement Models. This Technical Report builds on this previously published TN. In the first part of the document, the definitions for the visual perceptual effects that temporally modulated light can produce are given. In the second part, an overview of the relevant literature is given as well as an overview of the parameters that influence the visibility of the different TLAs. The next part gives a description of two methods, one in the frequency domain and one in the time domain, which can be used to quantify visibility of TLAs. Three different implementations of these methods into specific visibility measures are given as an example. After that, practical guidelines are outlined on how to test light sources. Finally, recommendations are provided on the use of the definitions and quantification methods, together with directions for future work.
The document is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 43 pages with 16 figures and 3 tables and is readily available from the CIE Webshop or from the National Committees of the CIE. Members of a National Committee of the CIE receive a 66,7 % discount on this price – please approach your NC for information on accessing this discount.
NOTE: The following CIE publications related to this CIE 249:2022-Cor1 are readily available from CIE Webshop:
- CIE S 025/E:2015 Test Method for LED Lamps, LED Luminaires and LED Modules
- CIE TN 006:2016 Visual Aspects of Time-Modulated Lighting Systems – Definitions and Measurement Models
- CIE TN 008:2017 Final Report CIE Stakeholder Workshop for Temporal Light Modulation Standards for Lighting Systems
- CIE S 017/E:2020 ILV: International Lighting Vocabulary, 2nd Edition
- CIE TN 012:2021 Guidance on the Measurement of Temporal Light Modulation of Light Sources and Lighting Systems