First published 2016
rendangnoun
Factsheet
What does the noun rendang mean?
There is one meaning in OED's entry for the noun rendang. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definition, usage, and quotation evidence.
How common is the noun rendang?
Fewer than 0.01occurrences per million words in modern written English
| 1950 | 0.0013 |
| 1960 | 0.002 |
| 1970 | 0.0026 |
| 1980 | 0.0029 |
| 1990 | 0.0033 |
| 2000 | 0.0039 |
| 2010 | 0.0046 |
What is the etymology of the noun rendang?
rendang is of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Indonesian. Partly a borrowing from Malay.
Etymons: Indonesian rendang; Malay rendang.
What is the earliest known use of the noun rendang?
Earliest known use
1940s
The earliest known use of the noun rendang is in the 1940s.
OED's earliest evidence for rendang is from 1948, in the Washington Post.
How is the noun rendang pronounced?
British English
/rɛnˈdaŋ/
ren-DANG
U.S. English
/rɛnˈdæŋ/
ren-DANG
Malaysian English
/ˈrənˌdʌŋ/
Nearby entries
- rencian, n.a1300
- rencontre, n.1545–
- rencontre, v.1455–1803
- rencounter, n.1471–
- rencounter, v.1463–
- rencountering, n.1525–
- rencountering, adj.1609–32
- rend, n.1581–
- rend, v.¹Old English–
- rend, v.²a1500–
- rendang, n.1948–
- rended, adj.¹1558–1632
- rended, adj.²1612–
- render, n.¹c1380–
- render, n.²?1575–1869
- render, v.c1380–
- renderable, adj.1611–
- rendered, adj.a1400–
- renderer, n.a1500–
- render farm, n.1996–
- rendering, n.1440–
Etymology
Summary
Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Indonesian. Partly a borrowing from Malay.
Etymons: Indonesian rendang; Malay rendang.
< Indonesian rendang and its cognate Malay rendang (verb) to fry in oil or fat until dry, (noun) dish cooked in that way. Compare Minangkabau randang.
Meaning & use
Contents
- 1948–In Indonesian and Malaysian cookery: a dish of meat, usually beef, slow-cooked in coconut milk and various spices until fairly dry.
- 1948
Rendang... Saute everything until onions are soft; then add milk and cook until quite dry.
Washington Post 8 December b8/2 - 1993
Rendang, spicy cubes of beef cooked in a sauce made with coconut milk until the meat is tender and the sauce has all but disappeared.
Washingtonian June 91/1 - 2004
The gleaming food court features local delicacies like chicken rice and..a Malay dish called rendang.
Wired August 98/2 - 2014
Acar Enterprise sells..Malay culinary favourites..but the scrumptious beef rendang here is the undisputed winner.
Time Out Kuala Lumpur March 18/3
- langue de boeuf1381–1475Cookery. A dish consisting of boiled and roasted…
- sawgeatc1390(See quot. 1390.)
- pome-garneza1450A dish of garnished meatballs. Cf. pome, n.¹ 3…
- olive1598–Cookery. In plural. A dish made from slices…
- potato pie1600–a. A pie made with potatoes, frequently…
- capilotade1611–A kind of dish (see quot.); figurative a…
- carbonade1651–A stew typically made of beef braised with…
- beef à la mode1653–A dish of larded beef braised with vegetables…
- Scots collops1657–= Scotch collops, n.
- Scotch collops1664–Thin slices of fried meat (in later use esp…
- galantine1702–A dish typically consisting of boned and rolled…
- grenadine1706–(See quots.)
- scotched collops1708–= Scotch collops, n.
- à la mode beef1723–= beef à la mode, n.
- miroton1725–A French dish of sliced cooked meat, esp. boiled…
- German duck1785–1890a. A dish of sheepshead and onions; b. a sausage.
- pig's fry1788–The fried viscera of a pig.
- cottage pie1791–A dish of minced beef or (occasionally) other…
- chartreuse1806–Cookery. An ornamental dish of meat or…
- timbale1824–Cookery. A dish made of finely minced meat…
- sanders1827–(See quot. 1894.)
- rognon1828–Esp. in French cookery: a kidney, used as food…
- smotherationc1828–90U.S. regional (chiefly New England). A dish…
- rolliche1830–A dish of Dutch origin consisting of seasoned…
- schalet1846–A stew or casserole of meat and vegetables…
- old thing1848–Australian slang. A dish of meat and unleavened…
- Brunswick stew1855–A stew traditionally of squirrel and onion, now…
- scrapple1855–An article of food made from scraps of pork, etc…
- moussaka1862–A Balkan and eastern Mediterranean baked dish of…
- cannelon1875–Chopped or ground meat shaped into a roll and…
- crépinette1877–Minced meat with sauce or farce, wrapped in…
- shepherd's pie1877–A pie consisting of chopped meat and potatoes…
- chop suey1888–A Chinese-style dish of meat or chicken, rice…
- estouffade1889–A Southern French and Mediterranean dish of…
- noisette1891–A small round piece of meat; esp. a cut of lamb…
- chaudfroid?1892–A dish composed of cooked meat, fish, etc…
- Lengua1895–In Spanish, Latin American, and Filipino…
- patty1904–Chiefly North American. A small, flattened cake…
- harissa1906–Usually in form harisa. A North African and…
- boeuf bourguignon1915–Beef stewed or braised in a red wine sauce…
- sukiyaki1920–A Japanese dish, consisting of very thin slices…
- boeuf stroganoff1932–A dish of strips of beef cooked in a sauce…
- boeuf1936–Beef; used with postpositive adjective to…
- flauta1938–In Mexican cookery: a dish typically consisting…
- Korean barbecue1938–A Korean dish of thinly sliced, marinated meat…
- rumaki1941–An appetizer typically consisting of chicken…
- mountain chicken1944–The South American bullfrog, Leptodactylus pen…
- rendang1948–In Indonesian and Malaysian cookery: a dish of…
- pastitsio1950–A Greek dish consisting of macaroni or spaghetti…
- keema1955–In South Asian cookery: finely chopped or…
- bulgogi1958–In Korean cookery: a dish of thin slices of…
- cuchifritos1959–In plural. A Puerto-Rican dish popularized in…
- moo shu1962–A Chinese dish consisting of strips of meat…
- birria1964–In Mexican cookery: a dish consisting of goat…
- Melba1964–Meat served with a port-flavoured sauce and a…
- shabu-shabu1970–A Japanese dish of thinly sliced beef or pork…
- carpaccio1974–An Italian dish of extremely thin slices of…
- al pastor1977–In Mexican cookery: pork (or occasionally…
- doner1977–A dish of Turkish origin, consisting of…
- gosht1982–In Indian cookery: red meat; beef, lamb, mutton…
- Spam musubi1986–A Hawaiian dish consisting of a grilled slice…
- chapli kebab1989–Esp. in Afghani and Pakistani cookery: a…
- parmo1999–A dish consisting of a fillet of breaded…
- parmesan2003–English regional (north-eastern). A dish…
- = stroganoff, n.
Pronunciation
British English
/rɛnˈdaŋ/
ren-DANG
U.S. English
/rɛnˈdæŋ/
ren-DANG
Malaysian English
/ˈrənˌdʌŋ/
Consonants
- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- ɬrhingyll
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence
Vowels
- iːfleece
- ihappy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- atrap, bath
- ɑːstart, palm, bath
- ɒlot
- ɔːthought, force
- ʌstrut
- ʊfoot
- uːgoose
- əletter
- əːnurse
- ɪənear
- ɛːsquare
- ʊəcure
- eɪface
- ʌɪpride
- aʊmouth
- əʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ãgratin
- ɒ̃salon
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
View the pronunciation model here.
Consonants
- ppea
- ttea
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye*
- ɡguy
- tʃchore
- dʒjay
- ffore
- θthaw
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- ðthee
- zzee
- ʒbeige
- xloch
- hhay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing
* /d/ also represents a 'tapped' /t/ as in
Some consonants can take the function of the vowel in unstressed syllables. Where necessary, a syllabic marker diacritic is used, hence
Vowels
- ifleece, happy
- ɪkit
- ɛdress
- ætrap, bath
- ɑlot, palm, cloth, thought
- ɑrstart
- ɔcloth, thought
- ɔrnorth, force
- ʊfoot
- ugoose
- əstrut, comma
- ərnurse, letter
- ɪ(ə)rnear
- ɛ(ə)rsquare
- ʊ(ə)rcure
- eɪface
- aɪpride
- aʊmouth
- oʊgoat
- ɔɪvoice
- ɑ̃salon
- æ̃parfum
- ᵻ(/ɪ/-/ə/)
- ᵿ(/ʊ/-/ə/)
Other symbols
- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
View the pronunciation model here.
Consonants
- ppea
- ttea, thaw
- kkey
- bbuy
- ddye, thee
- ɡguy
- hhay
- tʃchore
- ffore
- θbreathe
- ssore
- ʃshore
- vvee
- zzee
- ʒgenre
- dʒjay
- llay
- rray
- wway
- jyore
- mmay
- nnay
- ŋsing
Unlike in many other varieties of English, consonants cannot take on the function of vowels in Malaysian English (there are no ‘syllabic consonants’).
Vowels
- ikit, fleece, happy
- ɛtrap, dress, square
- ʌpalm, strut, bath, start
- ɔlot, cloth, thought, north, force, cure
- ənurse, letter
- ufoot, goose
- eface
- ogoat
- aumouth
- aipride
- ɔivoice
- i(j)ənear
- uəpoor
- ᵿ(/u/-/ə/)
Other symbols
- The symbol ˈ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with primary stress.
- The symbol ˌ at the beginning of a syllable indicates that that syllable is pronounced with secondary stress.
- Round brackets ( ) in a transcription indicate that the symbol within the brackets is optional.
View the pronunciation model here.
Simple text respell breaks words into syllables, separated by a hyphen. The syllable which carries the primary stress is written in capital letters. This key covers both British and U.S. English Simple Text Respell.
Consonants
b, d, f, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w and z have their standard English values
- gguy
- jjay
- yyore
- chchore
- khloch
- shshore
- ththaw
- dhthee
- zhbeige
Vowels
- atrap
- ahpalm
- airsquare
- arstart
- arrcarry (British only)
- awthought
- ayface
- a(ng)gratin
- edress
- eefleece
- eerdeer
- errmerry
- ikit
- ighpride
- irrmirror
- olot (British only)
- ohgoat
- oogoose
- oorcure
- orforce
- orrsorry (British only)
- owmouth
- oyvoice
- o(ng)salon
- ustrut
- uhletter
- urnurse
- urrhurry
- uufoot
Frequency
rendang typically occurs fewer than 0.01 times per million words in modern written English.
Frequency data is computed programmatically, and should be regarded as an estimate.
Frequency of rendang, n., 1950–2010
* Occurrences per million words in written English
Historical frequency series are derived from Google Books Ngrams (version 2), a data set based on the Google Books corpus of several million books printed in English between 1500 and 2010.
The overall frequency for a given word is calculated by summing frequencies for the main form of the word, any plural or inflected forms, and any major spelling variations.
For sets of homographs (distinct entries that share the same word-form, e.g. mole, n.¹, mole, n.², mole, n.³, etc.), we have estimated the frequency of each homograph entry as a fraction of the total Ngrams frequency for the word-form. This may result in inaccuracies.
Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the Google Books corpus.
| Decade | Frequency per million words |
|---|---|
| 1950 | 0.0013 |
| 1960 | 0.002 |
| 1970 | 0.0026 |
| 1980 | 0.0029 |
| 1990 | 0.0033 |
| 2000 | 0.0039 |
| 2010 | 0.0046 |
Frequency of rendang, n., 2017–2026
* Occurrences per million words in written English
Modern frequency series are derived from a corpus of 20 billion words, covering the period from 2017 to the present. The corpus is mainly compiled from online news sources, and covers all major varieties of World English.
Smoothing has been applied to series for lower-frequency words, using a moving-average algorithm. This reduces short-term fluctuations, which may be produced by variability in the content of the corpus.
| Period | Frequency per million words |
|---|---|
| 2017 | 0.085 |
| 2018 | 0.075 |
| 2019 | 0.07 |
| 2020 | 0.078 |
| 2021 | 0.057 |
| 2022 | 0.056 |
| 2023 | 0.059 |
| 2024 | 0.061 |
| 2025 | 0.06 |
| 2026 | 0.063 |
Entry history for rendang, n.
rendang, n. was first published in September 2016.
rendang, n. was last modified in December 2024.
Revision of the OED is a long-term project, and oed.com is a living text, updated every three months. Modifications may include:
- corrections and revisions to definitions, especially to improve clarity, accuracy, or intelligibility;
- new or updated quotation evidence, and reverified or redated bibliographical information;
- new or updated pronunciations (transcriptions and audio files);
- new or revised etymological information and improved coverage of variant spellings;
- new senses or phrases added in print and online updates since OED2 (1989).
Revisions and additions of this kind were last incorporated into rendang, n. in December 2024.
Cite
Permanent link:
Chicago 18
Oxford English Dictionary, “,” , .
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MLA 9
“” Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, , .
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APA 7
Oxford University Press. (n.d.). In Oxford English dictionary. Retrieved , from
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Citation details
Factsheet for rendang, n.
Browse entry
Nearby entries
- rencian, n.a1300
- rencontre, n.1545–
- rencontre, v.1455–1803
- rencounter, n.1471–
- rencounter, v.1463–
- rencountering, n.1525–
- rencountering, adj.1609–32
- rend, n.1581–
- rend, v.¹Old English–
- rend, v.²a1500–
- rendang, n.1948–
- rended, adj.¹1558–1632
- rended, adj.²1612–
- render, n.¹c1380–
- render, n.²?1575–1869
- render, v.c1380–
- renderable, adj.1611–
- rendered, adj.a1400–
- renderer, n.a1500–
- render farm, n.1996–
- rendering, n.1440–
