“The Hunnic Language of the Attila Clan”, author: Omeljan Pritsak

References (127)

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2. See Byz Tur, 2: 173.
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4. 206 Lessing, Dictionary, p. 379.
5. 207 Poppe, MCS, p. 176.
6. Clauson, EDT, p. 10. In some Turkic languages the word for house means "wife": Kazakh, Oirot (Altai), Baraba и 'wife'; Teleut iiy 'wife'; the data are given by Räsänen, EWT, p. 34, and Sevortjan, ÈSTJ, 1: 514.
7. 211 Piekarski, vol. 1, col. 1048.
8. Priscus, éd. de Boor, EL, p. 123, 1. 14; p. 127, 11. 11, 15, 18 etc. = Byz Tur, 2: 218.
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10. Thompson, A History of Attila and the Huns (Oxford, 1948), p. 223; Maenchen-Helfen, Huns, p. 389; and Kemp Malone, Studies in Heroic Legend (Copenhagen, 1959), p. 106. 215 Lessing, Dictionary, p. 1009.
11. 216 von Gabain, ATG, p. 81 ( §157).
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13. 218 von Gabain, ATG, pp. 73-74, §125; Brockelmann, OTG, pp. 130-32.
14. 219 Lessing, Dictionary, p. 1009.
15. 220 Szabó, Szóképzés, p. 49 ( §127).
16. Lessing, Dictionary, p. 1008.
17. Maenchen-Helfen, Huns -Otto J. Maenchen-Helfen, The World of the Huns (Berkeley, 1973).
18. MGH A A = Monumento Germaniae Histórica. Auctores Antiquissimi, 15 vols. (Hanover and Berlin, 1877-1919).
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23. NUig = Emir Nadzipovic Nadżip, Ujgursko-russkij slovar' (Moscow, 1968).
24. Piekarski = Edward Piekarski (Eduard Karlovic Pekarskij), Slovar' jakutskogo jazyka, 3 vols, (reprinted [Budapest], 1958).
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26. Poppe, Vgl Gr Alt -Nikolaus Poppe, Vergleichende Grammatik der altaischen Sprachen, vol. 1 (Wiesbaden, 1960).
27. Pritsak, Fürstenliste = Omeljan Pritsak, Die bulgarische Fürstenliste und die Sprache der Protobulgaren (Wiesbaden, 1955).
28. Pritsak, OR -О. Pritsak, The Origin of Rus', vol. 1 (Cambridge, Mass., 1981).
29. Pritsak, Studies = O. Pritsak, Studies in Medieval Eurasian History (London, 1981). QB = Kutadgu Bilig I. Metin, ed. Reşid Rahmeti Arat (istanbul, 1947);
30. F = Kutadgu Bilig tıpkıbasım II. Fergana nüshası (istanbul, 1943);
31. H = id., I. Viyana nüshası (istanbul, 1942).
32. Radloff, Wb = Wilhelm Radloff (Vasilij Vasil'evic Radlov), Versuch eines Wörterbuches der Türk-Dialecte (reprinted The Hague, 1960).
33. Ramstedt, Einführung = Gustaf John Ramstedt, Einführung in die altaische Sprachwissenschaft, 3 vols. (Helsinki, 1952-1966).
34. Ramstedt, KWb = G. J. Ramstedt, Kalmückisches Wörterbuch (Helsinki, 1935).
35. Räsänen, EWT = Martti Räsänen, Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen, 2 vols. (Helsinki, 1969, 1971).
36. Räsänen, Lautgeschichte = M. Räsänen, Materialien zur Lautgeschichte der türkischen Sprachen (Helsinki, 1949).
37. Räsänen, Morphologie = M. Räsänen, Materialien zur Morphologie der türkischen Sprachen (Helsinki, 1957).
38. Redhouse = Sir James W. Redhouse, A Turkish and English Lexicon (Constantinople, 1890).
39. Schnetz = J. Schnetz, Itineraria Romana, vol. 2: Ravennatis anonymi cosmo- graphia et Guidionis geographica (Leipzig, 1940).
40. Schönfeld, Wörterbuch = M. Schönfeld, Wörterbuch der altgermanischen Personen-und Völkernamen (Heidelberg, 1911).
41. Sevortjan, ÈSTJ = Èrvand Vladimirovic Sevortjan, Ètimologîceskij slovar' tjurkskix jazykov (Moscow, 1974-).
42. SH = "Secret History of the Mongols," Erich Haenisch, Monghol un niuca tobca'an (Yuan ch'ao pi-shi). I. Die geheime Geschichte der Mongolen aus der chinesischen Transkription...wiederhergestellt von..., vol. 1: Text, 2nd ed. (Wiesbaden, 1962).
43. See Omeljan Pritsak, "Das erste türkisch-ukrainische Bündnis (1648)," Oriens 6 (1953): 266-298, especially 292-298 (appendix 2, "Excursus on Turkish designations for the Ukraine and Ukrainians"). However, in the seventeenth century, Crimean letters to the tsar call him, for example, "padishah of all the Ürüs" or "of all the Ürüs and Purus" (to paraphrase, "the Rus' and Prussians");
44. V. V. VePjaminov-Zernov [and Ң. FeyzhanogH (X. Fejzxanov)], Matériaux pour servir à l'histoire du Khanat de Crimée (St. Petersburg, 1864), pp. 48, 123, and passim. The same laqab (cognomen) is applied to Polish kings in Crimean letters (to whom it was probably applied first). For instance, in a letter from Ğanibeg Giray (1628-1635) to Sigismund Vasa it is written Uluğ Ürusniñ ve Purusniñ . . . uluğ pädisähi, 'the great padishah of the great Ûrüs and Purus,' and in a letter from Selîm Giray II (1682-1699, 3rd reign) to Jan III Sobieski, Ürüs ve Purus ve Leh gräli, 'king of the Ürüs and Purus and Leh [Poles] . . .'; Vel'jaminov-Zernov, Matériaux, pp. 26, 768-769, and passim. Fekete maintains that the form Ürüs is derived from the Hungarian orosz;
45. L. Fekete, Die Siyäqat-Schrift in der Türkischen Finanzverwaltung, 1 (Budapest, 1955), p. 58. However, a Hungarian rendering of Rus' need not begin with a vowel, since Hungarian has an initial r. More likely is that the Hungarian orosz is derived from a Turkic rendition of Rus', since Turkic has no initial r. Cf. the passage in Ta'rlh-i MasUdi, written in Persian in the eleventh century, where Ürüs occurs, presumably as a loanword from Turkic: Omeljan Pritsak, The Origins of Rus', vol. 1: Old Scandinavian Sources other than the Sagas (Cambridge, Mass., 1981), p. 449. In any case, in the documents in our volume, Mosqov and Mosqovlu are the designations for Russians even in the eighteenth-century texts for which facsimiles are provided: cf. E 4910 (p. 242);
46. E 12256/2 (p. 256);
47. E 12256/3 (p. 259).
48. Myxajlo Hrusevs'kyj, Istorija Ukrajiny-Rusy, vol. 7 (Kiev, 1909), p. 25;
49. Stanislaw Herbst, "Najazd tatarski 1512 г.," Przegląd Historyczny 37 (1948): 218-226, especially 225.
50. Of course, Poland and the Crimean Khanate can be viewed as "traditional allies," given their close links during the early years of the khanate's independence. But it is clearly anachronistic to view Muscovy and the Zaporozhians (or the Ukraine) as traditional allies, since, despite Prince Dmytro Vysnevec'kyj's brief flirtation with Muscovy (late 1550s to 1561), they were never allies before the advent of the Xmel'nyc'kyj movement. In another commentary (E 12142, p. 190) it is curious what Muscovite source is being referred to in the statement: "Le I er octobre, le Zemskiy Sobor de Moscou avait décidé d'accepter la réunion [stress added] de l'Ukraine à la Moscovie."
51. J. Rypka, "Z korespondence Vysoké Porty s Bohdanem Chmelnickym," Sbornik vënovany Jaroslavu Bidlovi, Profesörü Karlovy University к śede- sátym narozeninám, ed. Miloś Weingart et al. (Prague, 1928), pp. 346-350, German resume, pp. 482-498; the first document in J. Rypka, "Weitere Bei- träge zur Korrespondenz der Hohen Pforte mit Bohdan Chmel'nyckyj," Archiv Orientalni (Prague), 2 (1930): 262-283, is a draft copy found in the Göttingen Codex of the above-mentioned letter of Sultan Mehmed IV, dated Rebï' I 1061;
52. J. Rypka, "Dalsi pfispëvek ke korespondenci Vysoké Porty s Bohdanem Chmelnickym," Ćasopis Národního Musea 105 (1931): 209-231. Hrusev- s'kyj, "Z pryvodu," is a reaction to the first Rypka article. 47
53. Hrusevs'kyj, Istorija, 9, pt. 1: 488. 48 Żerela do istoriji Ukrajiny-Rusy, vol. 12, pt. 1 (Lviv, 1911), p. 192. 49
54. Mustafa Na'ïmâ, Rav?at el-hüseyn fl huläsät ahbär el-häfiqayn, vol. 5 (Istanbul, 1280/1863-64), pp. 274-275. Na'ïmâ does not specify "the date of the arrival or reception of the Cossack envoys: his account is between other accounts, dated 15 and 19 Rebr II 1063 [15 and 19 March 1653].
55. 50 "The month of Känun-i sanî [January], that is to say Yanäris [January], The commentary points out that among the documents from the reigns of Arslân Giray and Qrim Giray (1758-1764) are several that were known to Smirnov (apparently from copies in Russian archives) and are referred to in his history of the khanate in the eighteenth century. 56 However, the commentary makes several incorrect statements about references to ч the Ukrainian Cos- sacks occurring in these documents. While no explanation is given of "pays de Barabaś" in connection with E 737/11 (p. 231), the entry "Barabaś" in the index refers the reader to "Cosaques zaporogues." Although without a facsi- mile of the document we cannot be sure of the exact usage of the term there, we know that "Barabaś" was the conventional Ottoman designation for the Left-Bank Hetmanate (1663-1764).
56. In E 737/14 (p. 223) qoSavi is first rendered correctly as "chef des Cosaques." In the résumé to E 737/15 (p. 233), however, it is first rendered as "Cosaques QoSâvï . . . , de 'Kosevoy,' Zaporogues" and later in the same document it is given as "Le chef de 'Qosâvï.'" The entries "Qosavi (Kosevoj)" and "Cosaques Qosavi (Kosevoj) [sic]" in the index refer the reader to "Cosaques zapo- rogues." The term in question derives from the Ukrainian kosovyj (Russian kosevoj); in general, it referred to the head of a Zaporozhian unit called "kiś" or "koś," but in the Hetmanate (1648-1775) the kosovyj otaman was the head of the Zaporozhian Sich. 58 Presumably, the Ottoman "qosavi" has the latter meaning in these documents, unless, of course, its original meaning was corrupted to mean Zaporozhians. Again, without the original text we have no way of knowing the actual Ottoman usage of this term. In the resumes of E 737/9 (p. 230) and E 737/11 (p. 231), both allegedly translations of letters in Russian from governor-general Leont'ev, Ottoman renditions of the names of two Zaporozhian kurens -"Plastunski" and "Sećrenboyski" -are cited. These Ottoman renditions correspond to the Plastunovs'kyj and Scerbynovs'kyj küreni (platoons).
57. a place-name "Miknä" occurs which could not be identified. Since it was on the path of a Crimean envoy traveling from Baxcysaraj (Bägcesaräy) to Kiev it probably refers to Mykytyn' located on the Mykytyn' Rih (on the Dnieper, opposite present-day Nikopol'), the location of a former sich, mentioned by Erich Lassota, and, at the time of this document, a ford and Zaporozhian outpost.
58. 57 Pritsak, "Bündnis (1648)," p. 295.
59. 58 Pritsak, "Bündnis (1648)," p. 294.
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95. Peter d'A. Jones. See Makuch, Andrij.
96. Daniel H. Kaiser. See Rowland, Daniel.
97. Kasinec, Edward. L. I. Il'nyc'ka, сотр., Antynarodna di/al'nist' Uniats'koji cerkvy na Ukrajini: Bibliograficnyj pokazcyk.
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100. Kipa, Albert. Orest Zilyns'kyj, Antolohija ukrajins'koji liryky, pt. 1: Do ¡919.
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104. S. P. Luppov et al. See Kasinec, Edward.
105. Mace, James E. James William Crowl, Angels in Stalin's Paradise: Western Reporters in Soviet Russia, 1917-1937. A Case Study of Louis Fischer and Walter Duranty.
106. Rocky L. Rockett, Ethnic Nationalities in the Soviet Union: Sociological Perspectives on a Historical Problem. Stephan M. Horak, ed., Guide to the Study of the Soviet Nationalities: Non-Russian Peoples of the USSR. 423
107. John Barber, Soviet Historians in Crisis, 1928-1932.
108. Kenneth C. Farmer, Ukrainian Nationalism in the Post- Stalin Era: Myth, Symbols, and Ideology in Soviet Nationalities. 255
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116. Rocky L. Rockett. See Mace, James E.
117. Rowland, Daniel. Daniel H. Kaiser, The Growth of the Law in Medieval Russia.
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