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. 2025 Feb;25(2S1):S329-S421.
doi: 10.1016/j.ajt.2025.01.024.

OPTN/SRTR 2023 Annual Data Report: Heart

Monica M Colvin  1 , Jodi M Smith  2 , Yoon Son Ahn  3 , Kelsi A Lindblad  4 , Dzhuliyana Handarova  4 , Ajay K Israni  5 , Jon J Snyder  6
Affiliations

OPTN/SRTR 2023 Annual Data Report: Heart

Monica M Colvin et al. Am J Transplant. 2025 Feb.

Abstract

Despite unintended consequences and ongoing need for revision, the 2018 adult heart transplant policy revision continues to have a favorable impact as evidenced by increased transplant rates, decreased waitlist mortality, and more rapid transplant in higher acuity patients. In 2023, the total number of heart transplants in the United States increased 101.1% since 2012, reaching a record 4,599, of which 4,092 were performed in adults. Between 2022 and 2023 alone, 424 more adult heart transplants were performed, the largest annual increase this decade. Concurrently, the prevalence of heart donors after circulatory death increased to 14.0% in 2023. Candidates listed at adult statuses 1 and 2 underwent transplant more quickly (2,225.8 and 1,088.1 transplants per 100 patient-years, respectively). In 2023, adult waitlist mortality reached a low: 8.5 deaths per 100 patient-years. Multiorgan transplants (heart-liver and heart-kidney) in adults continue to increase, achieving comparable survival to that of heart transplant alone. Adults with congenital heart disease had the lowest pretransplant mortality of all diagnoses but also the lowest posttransplant survival, 76.1% at 5 years, emphasizing the need for consensus on best practices. In pediatric heart transplant, heart transplants increased 36.3% and new listings increased 34.0%, but the transplant rate decreased 14.9% resulting in increased waiting times. High-urgency listings increased, with 83.6% of heart transplants performed for status 1A. Pediatric waitlist mortality has declined 53.4% since 2012, but remains substantial: 11.7 deaths per 100 patient-years. In 2023, 5-year posttransplant survival was 80.3% in adult recipients and 84.4% in pediatric recipients.

Keywords: Allocation; donor; heart failure; heart transplant; left ventricular assist device; mechanical circulatory support; outcomes.

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Figures

Figure HR 1:
Figure HR 1:. New adult candidates added to the heart transplant waiting list.
A new adult candidate is one who first joined the list during the given year, without having been listed in a previous year. Previously listed candidates who underwent transplant and subsequently relisted are considered new. Active and inactive patients are included.
Figure HR 2:
Figure HR 2:. All adult candidates on the heart transplant waiting list.
Adult candidates on the list at any time during the year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing.
Figure HR 3:
Figure HR 3:. Distribution of adults waiting for heart transplant by age.
Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive candidates are included. Age is determined at the earliest of transplant, death, removal, or December 31 of the year.
Figure HR 4:
Figure HR 4:. Distribution of adults waiting for heart transplant by sex.
Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included.
Figure HR 5:
Figure HR 5:. Distribution of adults waiting for heart transplant by race and ethnicity.
Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included.
Figure HR 6:
Figure HR 6:. Distribution of adults waiting for heart transplant by diagnosis.
Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Active and inactive patients are included. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing.
Figure HR 7:
Figure HR 7:. Distribution of adults waiting for heart transplant by waiting time.
Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Time on the waiting list is determined at the earliest of transplant, death, removal, or December 31 of the year. Active and inactive candidates are included.
Figure HR 8:
Figure HR 8:. Distribution of adults waiting for heart transplant by former medical urgency groups through October 17, 2018.
Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive candidates are included. The October 2018 OPTN heart allocation policy update changed the status groups. Medical urgency for 2017 and earlier is determined at the earliest of transplant, death, removal, or December 31 of the year. For 2018 medical urgency statuses, statuses 1A, 1B, and 2 were determined at the earliest of transplant, death, or removal. For candidates who stayed active on the waiting list on or after October 18, 2018, and for candidates who were newly waitlisted on or after that date, their statuses are shown in Figure HR 9. Inactive statuses with new listings on or after October 18, 2018, are excluded here in Figure HR 8.
Figure HR 9:
Figure HR 9:. Distribution of adults waiting for heart transplant by new medical urgency groups, October 18, 2018, through 2023.
Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive candidates are included. The October 2018 OPTN heart allocation policy update changed the status groups. Medical urgency is determined at the earliest of transplant, death, removal, or December 31 of the year. For 2018 medical urgency statuses, adult statuses 1–6 and inactive status contain new listings on or after October 18, 2018, or existing listings from before the policy change.
Figure HR 10:
Figure HR 10:. Distribution of adults waiting for heart transplant by BMI.
Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included. BMI, body mass index.
Figure HR 11:
Figure HR 11:. Distribution of adults waiting for heart transplant by blood type.
Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included.
Figure HR 12:
Figure HR 12:. Distribution of adults waiting for heart transplant by prior transplant status.
Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included.
Figure HR 13:
Figure HR 13:. Overall deceased donor heart transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates.
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately.
Figure HR 14:
Figure HR 14:. Deceased donor heart transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by age.
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. Age is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year.
Figure HR 15:
Figure HR 15:. Deceased donor heart transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by race and ethnicity.
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. The Other race category is composed of Native American and Multiracial categories.
Figure HR 16:
Figure HR 16:. Deceased donor heart transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by diagnosis.
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately.
Figure HR 17:
Figure HR 17:. Deceased donor heart transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by blood type.
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately.
Figure HR 18:
Figure HR 18:. Deceased donor heart transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by sex.
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately.
Figure HR 19:
Figure HR 19:. Deceased donor heart transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by former medical urgency groups through October 17, 2018.
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. The October 2018 OPTN heart allocation policy update changed the status groups. Medical urgency is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year. For new listings on or after October 18, 2018, and for candidates who were newly waitlisted on or after that date, their medical urgency statuses are shown in Figure HR 20. Inactive statuses with new listings on or after October 18, 2018, are excluded here in Figure HR 19.
Figure HR 20:
Figure HR 20:. Deceased donor heart transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by new medical urgency groups, October 18, 2018, through 2023.
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. The October 2018 OPTN heart allocation policy update changed the status groups. Medical urgency is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year. For 2018 medical urgency statuses, adult statuses 1–6 and inactive status contain new listings on or after October 18, 2018.
Figure HR 21:
Figure HR 21:. Deceased donor heart transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by height.
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately.
Figure HR 22:
Figure HR 22:. Deceased donor heart transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by metropolitan versus nonmetropolitan residence.
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. Urban/rural determination is made using the RUCA (rural-urban commuting area) designation of the candidate’s permanent zip code.
Figure HR 23:
Figure HR 23:. Three-year outcomes for adults waiting for heart transplant, new listings in 2020.
Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Removed from list includes all reasons except transplant and death. DD, deceased donor.
Figure HR 24:
Figure HR 24:. Percentage of adults who underwent deceased donor heart transplant within a given period of listing.
Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing.
Figure HR 25:
Figure HR 25:. Overall pretransplant mortality rates among adults waitlisted for heart transplant.
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately.
Figure HR 26:
Figure HR 26:. Pretransplant mortality rates among adults waitlisted for heart transplant by age.
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Age is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year.
Figure HR 27:
Figure HR 27:. Pretransplant mortality rates among adults waitlisted for heart transplant by race and ethnicity.
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. The Other race category is composed of Native American and Multiracial categories.
Figure HR 28:
Figure HR 28:. Pretransplant mortality rates among adults waitlisted for heart transplant by sex.
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately.
Figure HR 29:
Figure HR 29:. Pretransplant mortality rates among adults waitlisted for heart transplant by diagnosis.
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately.
Figure HR 30:
Figure HR 30:. Pretransplant mortality rates among adults waitlisted for heart transplant by metropolitan versus nonmetropolitan residence.
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Urban/rural determination is made using the RUCA (rural-urban commuting area) designation of the candidate’s permanent zip code.
Figure HR 31:
Figure HR 31:. Pretransplant mortality rates among adults waitlisted for heart transplant by former medical urgency groups through October 17, 2018.
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Medical urgency is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year. The October 2018 OPTN heart allocation policy update changed the status groups. For 2018 medical urgency statuses, new listings on or after October 18, 2018, are not shown in this figure.
Figure HR 32:
Figure HR 32:. Pretransplant mortality rates among adults waitlisted for heart transplant by new medical urgency groups, October 18, 2018, through 2023.
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Medical urgency is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year. The October 2018 OPTN heart allocation policy update changed the status groups. For 2018 medical urgency statuses, adult statuses 1–6 and inactive status contain new listings on or after October 18, 2018.
Figure HR 33:
Figure HR 33:. Pretransplant mortality rates among adults waitlisted for heart transplant in 2023 by DSA.
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. DSA, donation service area.
Figure HR 34:
Figure HR 34:. Deaths within 6 months after removal among adult heart waitlist candidates, overall.
Denominator includes only candidates removed from the waiting list for reasons other than transplant or death while on the list.
Figure HR 35:
Figure HR 35:. Deaths within 6 months after removal among adult heart waitlist candidates, by age.
Denominator includes only candidates removed from the waiting list for reasons other than transplant or death while on the list. Age is determined at removal.
Figure HR 36:
Figure HR 36:. Deaths within 6 months after removal among adult heart waitlist candidates, by race and ethnicity.
Denominator includes only candidates removed from the waiting list for reasons other than transplant or death while on the list. The Other race category is composed of Native American and Multiracial categories.
Figure HR 37:
Figure HR 37:. Deaths within 6 months after removal among adult heart waitlist candidates, by sex.
Denominator includes only candidates removed from the waiting list for reasons other than transplant or death while on the list.
Figure HR 38:
Figure HR 38:. Deaths within 6 months after removal among adult heart waitlist candidates, by status at removal.
Denominator includes only candidates removed from the waiting list for reasons other than transplant or death while on the list. The October 2018 OPTN heart allocation policy update changed the status groups. The adult statuses listed are for October 18, 2018, and onward. Medical urgency is determined at the earliest of transplant, death, removal, or December 31 of the year.
Figure HR 39:
Figure HR 39:. Overall adult heart transplants.
All adult heart transplant recipients, including retransplant and multiorgan recipients.
Figure HR 40:
Figure HR 40:. Adult heart transplants by age.
All adult heart transplant recipients, including retransplant and multiorgan recipients.
Figure HR 41:
Figure HR 41:. Adult heart transplants by sex.
All adult heart transplant recipients, including retransplant and multiorgan recipients.
Figure HR 42:
Figure HR 42:. Adult heart transplants by race and ethnicity.
All adult heart transplant recipients, including retransplant and multiorgan recipients.
Figure HR 43:
Figure HR 43:. Adult heart transplants by diagnosis.
All adult heart transplant recipients, including retransplant and multiorgan recipients.
Figure HR 44:
Figure HR 44:. Adult heart transplants by medical urgency.
All adult heart transplant recipients, including retransplant and multiorgan recipients. The October 2018 OPTN heart allocation policy update changed the status groups. The statuses 1A, 1B, and 2 listed first are through October 17, 2018, the last day before the policy update; the adult statuses listed are for October 18, 2018, and onward.
Figure HR 45:
Figure HR 45:. Adult heart transplants by multiorgan transplant type.
All adult heart transplant recipients, including retransplant and multiorgan recipients.
Figure HR 46:
Figure HR 46:. Induction agent use in adult heart transplant recipients.
Immunosuppression at transplant reported to the OPTN.
Figure HR 47:
Figure HR 47:. Type of induction agent use in adult heart transplant recipients.
Immunosuppression at transplant reported to the OPTN. IL2Ab, interleukin-2 receptor antibody; TCD, T-cell depleting.
Figure HR 48:
Figure HR 48:. Immunosuppression regimen use in adult heart transplant recipients.
Immunosuppression regimen at transplant reported to the OPTN. MMF, all mycophenolate agents; Tac, tacrolimus.
Figure HR 49:
Figure HR 49:. Patient death among adult heart transplant recipients.
All adult recipients of deceased donor hearts, including multiorgan transplant recipients.
Figure HR 50:
Figure HR 50:. Patient survival among adult heart transplant recipients, 2016–2018.
Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.
Figure HR 51:
Figure HR 51:. Patient survival among adult heart transplant recipients, 2016–2018, by age.
Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.
Figure HR 52:
Figure HR 52:. Patient survival among adult heart transplant recipients, 2016–2018, by race and ethnicity.
Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. The Other race category is composed of Native American and Multiracial categories.
Figure HR 53:
Figure HR 53:. Patient survival among adult heart transplant recipients, 2016–2018, by diagnosis group.
Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.
Figure HR 54:
Figure HR 54:. Patient survival among adult heart transplant recipients, 2016–2018, by sex.
Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.
Figure HR 55:
Figure HR 55:. Patient survival among adult heart transplant recipients, 2016–2018, by VAD status.
Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. VAD status at time of transplant. VAD, ventricular assist device.
Figure HR 56:
Figure HR 56:. Patient survival among adult heart transplant recipients, 2016–2018, by former medical urgency.
Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.
Figure HR 57:
Figure HR 57:. Patient survival among adult heart transplant recipients, 2020–2021, by new medical urgency.
Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.
Figure HR 58:
Figure HR 58:. Patient survival among adult heart transplant recipients, 2016–2018, by metropolitan versus nonmetropolitan recipient residence.
Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.
Figure HR 59:
Figure HR 59:. Patient survival among adult heart transplant recipients, 2016–2018, by multiorgan transplant type.
Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.
Figure HR 60:
Figure HR 60:. Patient survival among adult heart transplant recipients, 2016–2018, by cPRA.
Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. Peak cPRA is used. cPRA, calculated panel-reactive antibody.
Figure HR 61:
Figure HR 61:. Incidence of acute rejection by 1 year posttransplant among adult heart transplant recipients by age.
Only the first reported rejection event is counted. Cumulative incidence is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.
Figure HR 62:
Figure HR 62:. Incidence of PTLD among adult heart transplant recipients by recipient EBV status at transplant, 2012–2018.
Cumulative incidence is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. PTLD is identified as a reported complication or cause of death on the OPTN Transplant Recipient Follow-up Form or the Posttransplant Malignancy Form as polymorphic PTLD, monomorphic PTLD, or Hodgkin’s disease. Only the earliest date of PTLD diagnosis is considered. EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; PTLD, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder.
Figure HR 63:
Figure HR 63:. Overall deceased heart donor count.
Count of deceased donors whose hearts were recovered for transplant.
Figure HR 64:
Figure HR 64:. Deceased heart donor count by age.
Count of deceased donors whose hearts were recovered for transplant.
Figure HR 65:
Figure HR 65:. Distribution of deceased heart donors by age.
Deceased donors whose hearts were recovered for transplant.
Figure HR 66:
Figure HR 66:. Distribution of deceased heart donors by sex.
Deceased donors whose hearts were recovered for transplant.
Figure HR 67:
Figure HR 67:. Distribution of deceased heart donors by race and ethnicity.
Deceased donors whose hearts were recovered for transplant. The Other race category is composed of Native American and Multiracial categories.
Figure HR 68:
Figure HR 68:. Distribution of deceased heart donors by donor HCV status.
Deceased donors whose hearts were recovered for transplant. Donor HCV status was based on NAT and antibody tests. Ab, antibody; HCV, hepatitis C virus; NAT, nucleic acid test.
Figure HR 69:
Figure HR 69:. Distribution of deceased heart donors by DCD status.
Deceased donors whose hearts were recovered for transplant. DBD, donation after brain death; DCD, donation after circulatory death.
Figure HR 70:
Figure HR 70:. Cause of death among deceased heart donors.
Deceased donors with a heart recovered for the purposes of transplant. CVA, cerebrovascular accident.
Figure HR 71:
Figure HR 71:. Overall percent of hearts recovered for transplant and not transplanted.
Percentages of hearts not transplanted out of all hearts recovered for transplant.
Figure HR 72:
Figure HR 72:. Percent of hearts recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor age.
Percentages of hearts not transplanted out of all hearts recovered for transplant.
Figure HR 73:
Figure HR 73:. Percent of hearts recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor sex.
Percentages of hearts not transplanted out of all hearts recovered for transplant.
Figure HR 74:
Figure HR 74:. Percent of hearts recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor race and ethnicity.
Percentages of hearts not transplanted out of all hearts recovered for transplant. The Other race category is composed of Native American and Multiracial categories.
Figure HR 75:
Figure HR 75:. Percent of hearts recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor hypertension status.
Percentages of hearts not transplanted out of all hearts recovered for transplant.
Figure HR 76:
Figure HR 76:. Percent of hearts recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor BMI.
Percentages of hearts not transplanted out of all hearts recovered for transplant. BMI, body mass index.
Figure HR 77:
Figure HR 77:. Percent of hearts recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor cause of death.
Percentages of hearts not transplanted out of all hearts recovered for transplant. CVA, cerebrovascular accident.
Figure HR 78:
Figure HR 78:. Percent of hearts recovered for transplant and not transplanted, by donor risk of disease transmission.
Percentages of hearts not transplanted out of all hearts recovered for transplant. “Risk factors” refers to risk criteria for acute transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, or hepatitis C virus from the US Public Health Service Guideline.
Figure HR 79:
Figure HR 79:. New pediatric candidates added to the heart transplant waiting list.
A new candidate is one who first joined the list during the given year, without having been listed in a previous year. Previously listed candidates who underwent transplant and were subsequently relisted are considered new. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included.
Figure HR 80:
Figure HR 80:. All pediatric candidates on the heart transplant waiting list.
Pediatric candidates listed at any time during the year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing.
Figure HR 81:
Figure HR 81:. Distribution of pediatric candidates waiting for heart transplant by age.
Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive candidates are included. Age is determined at the earliest of transplant, death, removal, or December 31 of the year. The 18+ category is for candidates who turned age 18 while waiting.
Figure HR 82:
Figure HR 82:. Distribution of pediatric candidates waiting for heart transplant by race and ethnicity.
Candidates waiting for transplant any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive candidates are included.
Figure HR 83:
Figure HR 83:. Distribution of pediatric candidates waiting for heart transplant by diagnosis.
Candidates waiting for transplant any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive candidates are included. CM, cardiomyopathy.
Figure HR 84:
Figure HR 84:. Distribution of pediatric candidates waiting for heart transplant by sex.
Candidates waiting for transplant any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included.
Figure HR 85:
Figure HR 85:. Distribution of pediatric candidates waiting for heart transplant by waiting time.
Candidates waiting for transplant any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Time on the waiting list is determined at the earliest of transplant, death, removal, or December 31 of the year. Active and inactive candidates are included.
Figure HR 86:
Figure HR 86:. Distribution of pediatric candidates waiting for heart transplant by medical urgency.
Candidates waiting for transplant any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Medical urgency is determined at the earliest of transplant, death, removal, or December 31 of the year. Active and inactive patients are included.
Figure HR 87:
Figure HR 87:. Three-year outcomes for newly listed pediatric candidates waiting for heart transplant, 2018–2020.
Pediatric candidates who joined the waiting list in 2018–2020. Pediatric candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Removed from list includes all reasons except transplant and death. DD, deceased donor.
Figure HR 88:
Figure HR 88:. Overall deceased donor heart transplant rates among pediatric waitlist candidates.
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately.
Figure HR 89:
Figure HR 89:. Deceased donor heart transplant rates among pediatric waitlist candidates by age.
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. Age is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year. The 18+ category is for candidates who turned age 18 while waiting.
Figure HR 90:
Figure HR 90:. Deceased donor heart transplant rates among pediatric waitlist candidates by race and ethnicity.
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. The Other race category is composed of Native American and Multiracial categories.
Figure HR 91:
Figure HR 91:. Deceased donor heart transplant rates among pediatric waitlist candidates by metropolitan versus nonmetropolitan residence.
Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately.
Figure HR 92:
Figure HR 92:. Overall pretransplant mortality rates among pediatric candidates waitlisted for heart.
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately.
Figure HR 93:
Figure HR 93:. Pretransplant mortality rates among pediatric candidates waitlisted for heart transplant by age.
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Age is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year. The 18+ category is for candidates who turned age 18 while waiting.
Figure HR 94:
Figure HR 94:. Pretransplant mortality rates among pediatric candidates waitlisted for heart transplant by race and ethnicity.
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. The Other race category is composed of Native American and Multiracial categories.
Figure HR 95:
Figure HR 95:. Pretransplant mortality rates among pediatric candidates waitlisted for heart transplant by diagnosis.
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. CM, cardiomyopathy.
Figure HR 96:
Figure HR 96:. Pretransplant mortality rates among pediatric candidates waitlisted for heart transplant by medical urgency.
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Medical urgency is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year.
Figure HR 97:
Figure HR 97:. Pretransplant mortality rates among pediatric candidates waitlisted for heart transplant by metropolitan versus nonmetropolitan residence.
Mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Urban/rural determination is made using the RUCA (rural-urban commuting area) designation of the candidate’s permanent zip code.
Figure HR 98:
Figure HR 98:. Overall pediatric heart transplants.
All pediatric heart transplant recipients, including retransplant and multiorgan recipients.
Figure HR 99:
Figure HR 99:. Pediatric heart transplants by recipient age.
All pediatric heart transplant recipients, including retransplant and multiorgan recipients.
Figure HR 100:
Figure HR 100:. Pediatric heart transplants by sex.
All pediatric heart transplant recipients, including retransplant and multiorgan recipients.
Figure HR 101:
Figure HR 101:. Pediatric heart transplants by race and ethnicity.
All pediatric heart transplant recipients, including retransplant and multiorgan recipients.
Figure HR 102:
Figure HR 102:. Pediatric heart transplants by diagnosis.
All pediatric heart transplant recipients, including retransplant and multiorgan recipients. CM, cardiomyopathy.
Figure HR 103:
Figure HR 103:. Pediatric heart transplants by medical urgency.
All pediatric heart transplant recipients, including retransplant and multiorgan recipients.
Figure HR 104:
Figure HR 104:. Induction agent use in pediatric heart transplant recipients.
Immunosuppression at transplant reported to the OPTN.
Figure HR 105:
Figure HR 105:. Type of induction agent use in pediatric heart transplant recipients.
Immunosuppression at transplant reported to the OPTN. IL2Ab, interleukin-2 receptor antibody; TCD, T-cell depleting.
Figure HR 106:
Figure HR 106:. Immunosuppression regimen use in pediatric heart transplant recipients.
Immunosuppression regimen at transplant reported to the OPTN. MMF, all mycophenolate agents; Tac, tacrolimus.
Figure HR 107:
Figure HR 107:. Incidence of acute rejection by 1 year posttransplant among pediatric heart transplant recipients by age.
Only the first reported rejection event is counted. Cumulative incidence is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.
Figure HR 108:
Figure HR 108:. Incidence of PTLD among pediatric heart transplant recipients by recipient EBV status at transplant, 2012–2018.
Cumulative incidence is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. PTLD is identified as a reported complication or cause of death on the OPTN Transplant Recipient Follow-up Form or on the Posttransplant Malignancy Form as polymorphic PTLD, monomorphic PTLD, or Hodgkin’s disease. Only the earliest date of PTLD diagnosis is considered. EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; PTLD, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder.
Figure HR 109:
Figure HR 109:. Patient death among pediatric heart transplant recipients.
All pediatric recipients of deceased donor hearts, including multiorgan transplant recipients. Estimates are unadjusted, computed using Kaplan-Meier methods.
Figure HR 110:
Figure HR 110:. Overall patient survival among pediatric deceased donor heart transplant recipients, 2016–2018.
Recipient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.
Figure HR 111:
Figure HR 111:. Patient survival among pediatric deceased donor heart transplant recipients, 2016–2018, by recipient age.
Recipient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.
Figure HR 112:
Figure HR 112:. Patient survival among pediatric deceased donor heart transplant recipients, 2016–2018, by race and ethnicity.
Recipient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. The Other race category is composed of Native American and Multiracial categories.
Figure HR 113:
Figure HR 113:. Patient survival among pediatric deceased donor heart transplant recipients, 2016–2018, by diagnosis.
Recipient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.
Figure HR 114:
Figure HR 114:. Patient survival among pediatric deceased donor heart transplant recipients, 2016–2018, by medical urgency.
Recipient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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