Jeffrey J Bettinger is part of the National Advisory Board for Hisamitsu America, Inc., and part of the Scientific Advisory Board for PainScript LLC., outside the submitted work. Jeffrey Fudin reports lecture, non-speakers’ bureau from Abbott Laboratories, acute perioperative pain (speakers bureau, consulting, advisory boards) from AcelRx Pharmaceuticals, collaborative publications, consulting, advisory boards from BioDelivery Sciences International, educational studio recording from Collegium Pharmaceutical, collaborative non-paid poster presentations, consulting from GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), part of advisory board for Hisamitsu America Inc and Hikma Pharmaceuticals, part of meeting registration support (ASHP 2021) for poster presentation for Lilly Pharmaceuticals, owned stocks from Modoscript, Inc, collaborative non-paid publications from Scilex Pharmaceuticals, speakers’ bureau, consultant, advisory boards from Salix Pharmaceuticals, and lecture, non-speakers’ bureau from Torrent Pharmaceuticals, during the conduct of the study. Michael E Schatman is a research consultant for Modoscript, outside the submitted work. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work.