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Vermont's congressional delegations

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These are tables of congressional delegations from Vermont to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives.

Vermont was the last state in the United States to include a woman in its congressional delegation, in 2023, when Becca Balint was sworn in as its only U.S. House member following her victory in the 2022 election.[1][2][3] Despite its status as a heavily Democratic-majority state, it has only sent two Democratic United States senators to Congress in its entire history. Bernie Sanders and Peter Welch are the current senators from the state. At age 34, Patrick Leahy was the youngest U.S. senator in Vermont history, the first non-Republican senator from Vermont since 1856, and the first Democrat to represent Vermont in the chamber.

The current dean of the Vermont congressional delegation is Senator Bernie Sanders (I), having served in the Senate since 2007 and in Congress since 1991.

Current delegation

[edit]
Current U.S. senators from Vermont
Vermont

CPVI (2025):[4]
D+17
 Class I senator Class III senator

Bernie Sanders
(Senior senator)
(Burlington)
Peter Welch
(Junior senator)
(Norwich)
Party Independent Democratic
Incumbent since January 3, 2007 January 3, 2023

Vermont's current delegation in the 119th United States Congress consists of two senators—Bernie Sanders, an independent politician; and Peter Welch, a Democrat[5]—and one member of the United States House, Democratic representative Becca Balint.[6]

The Cook Partisan Voting Index (CPVI) is a measure of how strongly partisan a state is.[7]: 274  For each district or state, the CPVI measures the party leaning (Democratic or Republican) and the number of percentage points more partisan than the national average.[8] In 2025, the CPVI gave Vermont an D+17 rating, meaning the state voted seventeen percentage points more Democratic than the national average.[4]

Current U.S. representatives from Vermont
District Member
(Residence)[9]		 Party Incumbent since CPVI
(2025)[4]		 District map
At-large
Becca Balint
(Brattleboro)		 Democratic January 3, 2023 D+17

United States Senate

[edit]

Four presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate—Stephen R. Bradley, Solomon Foot, George Franklin Edmunds, and Patrick Joseph Leahy—have been from Vermont.[10][11] Of the four, Bradley, one Vermont's first senators after its admittance into the Union, also served as the first chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee and helped author the Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution,[11][12] while Leahy (who chaired the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, Senate Judiciary Committee, and Senate Appropriations Committee) is, as of 2026, the longest-serving senator from Vermont.[13][11]

Other Vermont senators include Justin Morrill, the namesake of the Morrill Land-Grant Acts and the longest serving chair of the Senate Committee on Finance;[11] and Bernie Sanders, chairman of the Senate Committee on Veterans' Affairs and Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions[11] and the longest-serving independent in U.S. congressional history.[14]

U.S. House of Representatives

[edit]

Current representative

Vermont used at-large seats, but restored the districts in 1821. Starting after the 1820 United States census, Vermont had five seats. Initially it used at-large seats, but starting in 1825 those seats were districted. All five representatives supported the Adams-Clay faction in the 1824 United States presidential election.

Starting after the 1840 United States census, Vermont had four seats. Starting after the 1850 United States census, Vermont had three seats. Starting after the 1880 United States census, Vermont had two seats. Since 1933, Vermont has had one at-large seat.

1791–1813

[edit]
Congress1st district2nd district 3rd district 4th district
2nd (1791–1793) Israel Smith (AA) Nathan Niles (AA)
3rd (1793–1795)
4th (1795–1797) Israel Smith (DR) Daniel Buck (F)
5th (1797–1799) Matthew Lyon (DR) Lewis R. Morris (F)
6th (1799–1801)
7th (1801–1803) Israel Smith (DR)
8th (1803–1805) Gideon Olin (DR) James Elliott (F) William Chamberlain (F) Martin Chittenden (F)
9th (1805–1807) James Fisk (DR)
10th (1807–1809) James Witherell (DR)[v]
Samuel Shaw (DR)
11th (1809–1811) Jonathan H. Hubbard (F) William Chamberlain (F)
12th (1811–1813) William Strong (DR) James Fisk (DR)

1813–1823

[edit]
Congress At-large seat A At-large seat B At-large seat C At-large seat D At-large seat E At-large seat F
13th (1813–1815) William C. Bradley (DR) William Strong (DR) James Fisk (DR) Charles Rich (DR) Richard Skinner (DR) Ezra Butler (DR)
14th (1815–1817) Daniel Chipman (F) Luther Jewett (F) Chauncey Langdon (F) Asa Lyon (F) Charles Marsh (F) John Noyes (F)
15th (1817–1819) Orsamus Cook Merrill (DR)[w] Mark Richards (DR) Charles Rich (DR) Heman Allen (DR) Samuel C. Crafts (DR) William Hunter (DR)
16th (1819–1821) William Strong (DR) Ezra Meech (DR)
Rollin Carolas Mallary (DR)
Congress 1st district 2nd district 3rd district 4th district 5th district 6th district
17th (1821–1823) Rollin Carolas Mallary (DR) Phineas White (DR) Charles Rich (DR) Elias Keyes (DR) Samuel C. Crafts (DR) John Mattocks (DR)

1823–1825

[edit]
Congress At-large seat A At-large seat B At-large seat C At-large seat D At-large seat E
18th (1823–1825) William C. Bradley (DR) Rollin Carolas Mallary (DR) Samuel C. Crafts (DR) Henry Olin (DR) D. Azro A. Buck (DR)

1825–1933

[edit]

1933–present

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ↑ Senator Robinson resigned on October 15, 1796, citing the "circumstances of [his] domestic affairs".[15]: 440 
  2. ↑ Senator Paine resigned from the Senate on September 1, 1801, to serve as the United States district judge for the District of Vermont.[16]
  3. ↑ Senator Tichenor served from October 17, 1791, following the resignation of his predecessor, Moses Robinson, to October 15, 1796, when he resigned from the Senate to serve as the Governor of Vermont.[17][18]: 175 
  4. ↑ Senator Smith served from March 4, 1803, to October 1, 1807, when he resigned from the Senate to serve as the Governor of Vermont.[19]
  5. ↑ Senator Chase resigned from the Senate on November 3, 1817, to serve as the chief justice of the Vermont Supreme Court.[20]
  6. ↑ Senator Fisk served from November 4, 1817, following the resignation of his predecessor, Dudley Chase, to January 8, 1818, when he resigned from the Senate to serve as the Collector of Customs for the district of Vermont.[21]
  7. ↑ Senator Prentiss resigned from the Senate on April 11, 1842, to serve as the United States district judge for the District of Vermont.[22][23]
  8. ↑ Senator Foot died on March 28, 1866, while in office.[citation needed]
  9. ↑ Senator Collamer died on November 9, 1865, while in office.[24]
  10. ↑ Senator Edmunds served from April 3, 1866, following the death of his predecessor, Solomon Foot, to November 1, 1891, when he resigned from the Senate.[citation needed]
  11. ↑ Senator Morrill died on December 28, 1898, while in office.[25]
  12. ↑ Senator Proctor served from November 2, 1891, following the resignation of his predecessor, George F. Edmunds, to March 4, 1908, when he died in office.[citation needed]
  13. ↑ Senator Ross served from January 11, 1899, appointed following the death of his predecessor, Justin S. Morrill, to October 18, 1900, when William P. Dillingham was elected as Greene's successor.[26]
  14. ↑ Senator Dillingham served from October 18, 1900, elected following the death of Justin S. Morrill, to July 12, 1923, when he died in office.[27]
  15. ↑ Senator Stewart served from March 24, 1908, elected following the death of his predecessor, Redfield Proctor, to October 20, 1908, when Carroll S. Page was elected as Proctor's successor.[citation needed]
  16. ↑ Senator Greene died on December 17, 1930, while in office.[28]
  17. ↑ Senator Dale served from November 6, 1923, elected following the death of his predecessor, William P. Dillingham, to October 6, 1933, when he died in office.[29]
  18. ↑ Senator Partridge served from December 23, 1930, appointed following the death of his predecessor, Frank L. Greene, to March 31, 1931, when Warren Austin was elected as Greene's successor.[30]
  19. ↑ Senator Austin served from March 31, 1931, elected following the death of Frank L. Greene, to August 2, 1946, when he resigned from the Senate to serve as the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations.[31]
  20. ↑ Senator Gibson served from January 16, 1934, elected following the death of his predecessor, Porter H. Dale, to June 20, 1940, when he died in office.[32]
  21. ↑ Senator Prouty died on September 10, 1971, while in office.[33][34]
  22. ↑ Representative Witherell resigned from the House on May 1, 1808, to serve as the Territorial Supreme Court justice for the Territory of Michigan.[citation needed]
  23. ↑ Representative Merrill left the House on January 12, 1820, after his successor, Rollin Carolas Mallary, successfully contested the election.[35]
  24. ↑ Representative Mallary served from January 13, 1820, when he successfully contested the election of his predecessor, Orsamus C. Merrill, to April 16, 1831, when he died in office.[36][37]: 255 
  25. ↑ Representative Hunt died on May 15, 1832, while in office.[38]: 290 
  26. ↑ Representative Deming died on July 11, 1834, while in office.[39]
  27. ↑ Representative Marsh died on July 11, 1834, while in office.[citation needed]
  28. ↑ Representative Meacham died on August 23, 1856, while in office.[40]
  29. ↑ Representative Foster died on March 21, 1912, while in office.[citation needed]
  30. ↑ Representative Gibson died on June 20, 1940, while in office.[citation needed]
  31. ↑ Representative Stafford resigned from the House on September 16, 1971, to serve in the U.S. Senate.[citation needed]

References

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  1. ↑ Corwin, Emily (February 20, 2020). "Why Has Vermont Never Sent A Woman To Congress?". www.vpr.org. Vermont Public Radio.
  2. ↑ Levy, Adam (March 21, 2018). "Vermont on track to be the only state that has never sent a woman to Congress". CNN.
  3. ↑ Shivaram, Deepa (November 8, 2022). "Vermont ends streak as the last state to send a woman to Congress". NPR. Retrieved January 4, 2023.
  4. 1 2 3 "2025 Cook PVI: State Map and List". The Cook Political Report. March 6, 2025. Retrieved June 6, 2025.
  5. ↑ "States in the Senate | Vermont Senators". United States Senate. Retrieved July 24, 2026.
  6. ↑ "Directory of Representatives". United States House of Representatives. Archived from the original on October 12, 2025. Retrieved June 21, 2026.
  7. ↑ Paul, Megan; Zhang, Ruya; Liu, Bian; Saadai, Payam; Coakley, Brian A. (July 17, 2021). "State-level political partisanship strongly correlates with health outcomes for US children". European Journal of Pediatrics. 181 (1): 273–280. doi:10.1007/s00431-021-04203-y. PMID 34272984. Archived from the original on November 20, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
  8. ↑ "The Cook Partisan Voting Index (Cook PVI)". The Cook Political Report. Archived from the original on September 7, 2025. Retrieved August 13, 2024.
  9. ↑ "Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives". clerk.house.gov. Retrieved January 10, 2022.
  10. ↑ Senate Historical Office (2024). Pro Tem: Presidents Pro Tempore of the United States Senate (PDF). United States Senate. Retrieved July 31, 2026.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 "U.S. Senate: States in the Senate | Vermont Timeline". United States Senate. Retrieved July 31, 2026.
  12. ↑ Dodge, Prentiss Cutler (1912). Encyclopedia, Vermont Biography; A Series Of Authentic Biographical Sketches Of The Representative Men Of Vermont And Sons Of Vermont In Other States. Retrieved July 31, 2026.
  13. ↑ "Senate Democrats elect Chuck Schumer as their new leader - CBS News". CBS News. November 16, 2016. Retrieved July 31, 2026.
  14. ↑ Rappeport, Alan (April 30, 2015). "Bernie Sanders, Long-Serving Independent, Enters Presidential Race as a Democrat". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 31, 2026.
  15. ↑ Walton, E. P. (1876). Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont, Volume IV. Montpelier: Steam Press of J. & J. M. Poland.
  16. ↑ "Paine, Elijah". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 27, 2026.
  17. ↑ "Tichenor, Isaac". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 27, 2026.
  18. ↑ The Biographical Dictionary of America. Vol. 9. American Biographical Society. 1904.
  19. ↑ "Smith, Israel". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2026.
  20. ↑ "Chase, Dudley". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 27, 2026.
  21. ↑ "Fisk, James". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 27, 2026.
  22. ↑ "Prentiss, Samuel". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2026.
  23. ↑ "New Vermont Senator". Detroit Free Press. May 9, 1842. p. 3. Retrieved July 30, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. ↑ "Collamer, Jacob". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2026.
  25. ↑ "Justin S. Morrill". Buffalo Morning Express. December 28, 1898. p. 1. Retrieved July 30, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. ↑ "Ross, Jonathan". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2026.
  27. ↑ "Dillingham, William Paul". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2026.
  28. ↑ "U.S. Senator Greene of Vermont Dead". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 31, 2026.
  29. ↑ "Senator Dale, Vermont, Dies". The Spokesman-Review. October 7, 1933. p. 2. Retrieved July 31, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  30. ↑ "Partridge, Frank Charles". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2026.
  31. ↑ "Austin, Warren Robinson". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2026.
  32. ↑ "Gibson, Ernest Willard". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 30, 2026.
  33. ↑ "Prouty, Winston Lewis". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved July 27, 2026.
  34. ↑ "Prouty Is Mourned By Senate". Rutland Herald. September 14, 1971. p. 1. Retrieved July 30, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.
  35. ↑ "Merrill, Orsamus Cook". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 24, 2026.
  36. ↑ "Mallary, Rollin Carolas". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 24, 2026.
  37. ↑ The Biographical Dictionary of America. Vol. 7. American Biographical Society. 1904.
  38. ↑ Hemmingway, Abby Maria (1867). The Vermont Historical Gazetteer: A Magazine, Embracing a History of Each Town, Civil, Ecclesiastical, Biographical and Military. Vol. 5.
  39. ↑ "Deming, Benjamin F." Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved August 24, 2026.
  40. ↑ "Death of the Hon. James Meacham". Vermont Journal. August 29, 1856. p. 2. Retrieved October 7, 2026 – via Newspapers.com.

Key

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Anti-Administration (AA)
Anti-Masonic (A-M)
Democratic (D)
Democratic-Republican (DR)
Federalist (F)
Pro-Administration (PA)
Free Soil (FS)
Greenback (GB)
Independent Democrat (ID)
Jacksonian (J)
National Republican (NR)
Opposition Northern (O)
Republican (R)
Whig (W)

See also

[edit]
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