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{{Short description|Russian civilian low Earth orbit communication satellite system}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox spacecraft class
{{Infobox spacecraft class
⚫
| name = Gonets
⚫
| image = File:Gonets-M-Salon-du-Bourget-2013-DSC 0043.jpg
| names_list =
⚫
| caption = A Gonets satellite at Salon du Bourget in 2013.
⚫
| image = File:Gonets-M-Salon-du-Bourget-2013-DSC 0043.jpg

⚫
| caption = A Gonets-M satellite at Salon du Bourget in 2013
⚫
| name = Gonets
| manufacturer = [[NPO PM|NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki]]
| manufacturer = [[Information Satellite Systems Reshetnev|NPO Prikladnoi Mekhaniki]]
| country = [[Russia]]
| country = Russia
| bus =
| bus = Gonets
| applications = [[Communications satellite|Communication]]
| applications = [[Communications satellite|Communications]]
| orbits = [[Low Earth orbit|Low Earth]]
| orbit_reference = [[Geocentric orbit]]
| orbits = [[Low Earth orbit]]
| operator = [[Russian Federal Space Agency|RKA]] (Until 1996)
[[Gonets SatCom]] (1996-present)
| operator = [[Gonets SatCom]] (1996–present)
[[Roscosmos]] (1992–1996)
| lifetime = 5 years
| lifetime = 5 years (planned)
| derivedfrom = [[Strela (satellite)|Strela]]
| derivedfrom = [[Strela (satellite)|Strela]]
| derivatives =
| status = Active

| status = Active
| built =
| built =
| launched =
| launched =
| operational =
| operational =
| failed =
| failed =
| lost =
| lost =
| first =
| first =
| last =
| last =
| retired =
| retired =
| mass = 233 to 280 kg
⚫
| power = 40 watts from [[solar panel]]s

⚫
| batteries = [[Nickel-hydrogen battery|Nickel-hydrogen]]
| autoconvert = off
⚫
| equipment = [[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] transponders {{cite web|url=http://centaur.sstl.co.uk/SSHP/data/data_gonets.html|title=GONETS|work=Small Satellites Home Page|publisher=Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709033707/http://centaur.sstl.co.uk/SSHP/data/data_gonets.html|archive-date=9 July 2008}}
([[B band (NATO)|B-band]] / [[D band (NATO)|D-band]])
Data rate up to 64 [[kbit/s]]
| mass = 233 to 280 kg
⚫
| power = 40 watts from [[solar panel]]s
⚫
| batteries = [[Nickel-hydrogen battery|Nickel/Hydrogen]]
⚫
| equipment = [[Ultra high frequency|UHF]] transponders {{cite web|url=http://centaur.sstl.co.uk/SSHP/data/data_gonets.html|title=GONETS|work=Small Satellites Home Page|publisher=Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709033707/http://centaur.sstl.co.uk/SSHP/data/data_gonets.html|archivedate=2008-07-09}}
(NATO [[B band|B]] / [[D band (NATO)|D band]])
Data rate up to 64kb/s

| dimensions =
| x_axis =
| y_axis =
| z_axis =
}}
}}


'''Gonets''' ([[Russian language|Russian]] Гонец, for ''Messenger'') is a [[Russia]]n civilian [[low Earth orbit]] [[communications satellite]] system. It consists of a number of satellites, derived from [[Strela (satellite)|Strela]] military communications satellites. The first two satellites, which were used to test and validate the system, were launched by a [[Tsyklon-3]] [[carrier rocket]] from the [[Plesetsk Cosmodrome]] on 13 July 1992,{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/project/strela.htm|title=Strela|last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526224743/http://www.astronautix.com/project/strela.htm|archivedate=2008-05-26}} and were designated Gonets-D.{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gonets.htm|title=Gonets|last=Krebs|first=Gunter|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|accessdate=2010-09-08}} The first operational satellites, designated Gonets-D1, were launched on 19 February 1996. After launch, the first three satellites were given military [[Cosmos (satellite)|Kosmos]] designations, a practice which was not continued with the other satellites.
'''Gonets''' ([[Russian language|Russian]] Гонец, for ''Messenger'') is a Russian civilian [[low Earth orbit]] [[communications satellite]] system. It consists of a number of satellites, derived from [[Strela (satellite)|Strela]] military communications satellites. The first two satellites, which were used to test and validate the system, were launched by a [[Tsyklon-3]] [[launch vehicle]] from the [[Plesetsk Cosmodrome]] on 13 July 1992,{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/project/strela.htm|title=Strela|last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526224743/http://www.astronautix.com/project/strela.htm|archive-date=2008-05-26}} and were designated '''Gonets-D'''.{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gonets.htm|title=Gonets|last=Krebs|first=Gunter|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=8 September 2010}} The first operational satellites, designated '''Gonets-D1''', were launched on 19 February 1996. After launch, the first three satellites were given military [[Kosmos (satellite)|Kosmos]] designations, a practice which was not continued with the other satellites.


Ten operational satellites and two demonstration spacecraft have been placed in orbit. A further three were lost in a launch failure on 27 December 2000. A new series of modernised Gonets satellites, Gonets-D1M, will supplement and eventually replace the satellites which are currently in orbit. A single first D1M satellite was launched by a [[Kosmos-3M]] rocket on 21 December 2005.{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gonets-m.htm|title=Gonets-M|last=Krebs|first=Gunter|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|accessdate=2010-09-08}} A second D1M satellite was launched by a [[Rokot]] carrier rocket on 8 September 2010. />
Ten operational satellites and two demonstration spacecraft have been placed in orbit. A further three were lost in a launch failure on 27 December 2000. A new series of modernised Gonets satellites, '''Gonets-D1M''', supplement and replace the satellites which are currently in orbit. A single first D1M satellite was launched by a [[Kosmos-3M]] launch vehicle on 21 December 2005.{{cite web |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gonets-m.htm|title=Gonets-M|last=Krebs|first=Gunter|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|access-date=8 September 2010}} A second Gonets-D1M satellite was launched by a [[Rokot]] launch vehicle on 8 September 2010.


==Operator==
== Operator ==
Gonets satellites are operated along with the third generation [[Luch (satellite)#Third_generation_-_MKSR_Luch_Constellation|Luch]] satellites by Gonets Satellite System company. Gonets was originally a [[Russian Federal Space Agency]] programme, but in 1996 it was privatised and operated by Gonets Satellite System,{{cite web|url=http://gonets.ru/english.htm|title=Leosat system "Gonets" |publisher=Gonets SatCom|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510055156/http://www.gonets.ru/english.htm