Water-Quality Engineering in Natural SystemsJohn Wiley & Sons, 19.05.2006 - 592 Seiten FOCUSING ON CONTAMINANT FATE AND TRANSPORT, DESIGN OF ENVIRONMENTAL-CONTROL SYSTEMS, AND REGULATORY CONSTRAINTS This textbook details the fundamental equations that describe the fate and transport of contaminantsin the water environment. The application of these fundamental equations to the design of environmental-control systems and methodologies for assessing the impact of contaminant discharges into rivers, lakes, wetlands, ground water, and oceans are all covered. Readers learn to assess how much waste can be safely assimilatedinto a water body by developing a solid understanding of the relationship between the type of pollutant discharged, the characteristics of the receiving water, and physical, chemical, and biological impacts. In cases of surface runoff from urban and agricultural watersheds, quantitative relationships between the quality of surface runoff and the characteristics of contaminant sources located within the watersheds are presented. Some of the text's distinguishing features include its emphasis on the engineering design of systems that control the fate and transport of contaminants in the water environment, the design of remediation systems, and regulatory constraints. Particular attention is given to use-attainability analyses and the estimation of total maximum daily loads, both of which are essential components of water-quality control in natural systems. Readers are provided with a thorough explanation of the complex set of laws and regulations governing water-quality control in the United States. Proven as an effective textbook in several offerings of the author's class "Water Quality Control in Natural Systems," the flow of the text is carefully structured to facilitate learning. Moreover, a number of practical pedagogical tools are offered: * Practical examples used throughout the text illustrate the effects of controlling the quality, quantity, timing, and distribution of contaminant discharges into the environment * End-of-chapter problems, and an accompanying solutions manual, help readers assess their grasp of each topic as they progress through the text * Several appendices with useful reference material are provided, including current U.S. Water Quality Standards * Detailed bibliography guides readers to additional resources to explore particular topics in greater depth With its emphasis on contaminant fate and transport and design of environmental-control systems, this text is ideal for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students in environmental and civil engineering programs.Environmental scientists and practicing environmental/civil engineers will also find the text relevant and useful. |
Inhalt
| 1 | |
| 22 | |
3 FATE AND TRANSPORT IN AQUATIC SYSTEMS | 91 |
4 RIVERS AND STREAMS | 124 |
5 LAKES AND RESERVOIRS | 192 |
6 WETLANDS | 243 |
7 GROUND WATER | 281 |
8 OCEANS AND ESTUARIES | 390 |
APPENDIX A UNITS AND CONVERSION FACTORS | 533 |
APPENDIX B FLUID PROPERTIES | 537 |
APPENDIX C USWATERQUALITY STANDARDS | 541 |
APPENDIX D STATISTICAL TABLES | 553 |
APPENDIX E SPECIAL FUNCTIONS | 557 |
APPENDIX F PIPE SPECIFICATIONS | 565 |
REFERENCES | 569 |
INDEX | 601 |
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Häufige Begriffe und Wortgruppen
agricultural algae ambient aquatic aquifer atrazine average basins benthic biodegradation biological channel chemical coliform constructed wetlands contaminant concentration day¯¹ decay density depth diffusion coefficient dilution discharge dissolved oxygen dissolved-oxygen downstream effective effluent erosion estimated estuary eutrophication example factor fish flow given by Equation ground water ground-water hydraulic conductivity hypolimnion infiltration inflow injection k₁ k₂ kg/m³ lake length scale levels loading m/day m²/s m³/s mass maximum metals mg/L mixing zone NAPL nitrate nitrification nitrogen nonpoint nutrients organic outfall oxygen deficit particles pesticides phosphorus plants plume pollutants priority pollutants processes pumping reaeration removal result river saturated sediment shown in Figure soil solids SOLUTION sources species spill stormwater stream surface runoff surface waters Table temperature tion toxic tracer treatment treatment wetlands typically urban runoff USEPA vadose zone vegetation velocity wastewater water body water quality water-quality criteria water-quality standards watershed wetlands µg/L дс
Beliebte Passagen
Seite 9 - Animal feeding operation" means a lot or facility (other than an aquatic animal production facility) where the following conditions are met: (1) Animals (other than aquatic animals) have been, are, or will be stabled or confined and fed or maintained for a total of 45 days or more in any 12month period, and (ii) Crops, vegetation forage growth, or post-harvest residues are not sustained in the normal growing season over any portion of the lot or facility.
Seite 249 - Wetlands are defined as areas that have a predominance of hydric soils and that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of hydrophytic vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions, except lands in Alaska identified as having high potential for agricultural development and a predominance of permafrost soils.
Seite 119 - In sediment analysis the most pertinent shape parameter has been that known as sphericity, which is defined [3] as the ratio of the surface area of a sphere having the same volume as the particle to the surface area of the particle.
Seite 533 - The second is the duration of 9, 192, 631, 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium- 133 atom (13th CGPM, 1967).
Seite 29 - ... which after release into the environment and upon exposure, ingestion, inhalation, or assimilation into any organism, either directly from the environment or indirectly by ingestion through food chains, will or may reasonably be anticipated to cause death, disease, behavioral abnormalities, cancer, genetic mutation, physiological malfunctions (including malfunctions in reproduction) or physical deformations, in such organisms or their offspring; except that the term "pollutant or contaminant...
Seite 29 - Including disease causing agents, which after release into the environment and upon exposure, ingestion, inhalation, or assimilation Into any organism, either directly from the environment or Indirectly by...
Seite 251 - A soil that is saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions that favor the growth and regeneration of hydrophytic vegetation.
Seite 297 - K0 is the modified Bessel function of the second kind of order zero and R is the distance between the observation and source points.
Seite 534 - The steradian is the solid angle with its vertex at the center of a sphere that is subtended by an area of the spherical surface equal to that of a square with sides equal in length to the radius.
Seite 250 - wetlands' means those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions.